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UNJUK KERJA DAN EFISIENSI TURBIN UAP DAN GENERATOR (TG-65) PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK UNIT SISTEM UTILITAS DEPARTEMEN PRODUKSI IIIA PT PETROKIMIA GRESIK Pingky Fantika Wulandari; Delfian Lutfiananda; Ketut Sumada; Lilik Suprianti
SINERGI POLMED: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Edisi Februari
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51510/sinergipolmed.v4i1.1036

Abstract

Power generation merupakan salah satu unit penting dalam sistem utilitas suatu pabrik. Power generation pada pabrik IIIA PT Petrokimia dijalankan menggunakan tenaga uap (steam). Salah satu komponen yang terdapat pada power generation unit yaitu turbin & generator. Untuk mengetahui perfoma dari turbin-generator diperlukan analisis efisiensi dari alat tersebut. Analisis ini dapat dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan yang diperoleh dari literatur dan data yang diperoleh dari lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan analisis efisiensi didapatkan efisiensi turbin-generator tertinggi yaitu pada tanggal 24 November 2022 dengan efisiensi berturut-turut sebesar 91,5% % dan 90,1%.
Precipitated calcium oxide nanosize from limestone and blood clam shells Caecilia - Pujiastuti; Srie Muljani; Ketut Sumada
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol 9, No 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jnsmr.2023.9.1.13209

Abstract

Calcium oxide (CaO) is a product that is needed by various types of industries such as the pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural and health industries. CaO is generally produced by the calcination method of CaCO3 materials such as calcium carbonate rocks or from various types of shells. The calcination method requires a large amount of energy because the operating temperature is above 1000 C and the resulting calcium oxide product is still micrometer size. This study developed nanosize precipitated CaO from two calcium sources, namely blood clam shells and limestone. For clam shells using hydrochloric acid as a solvent and sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent, while for limestone using phosphoric acid as a solvent and potassium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. The effect of acidity (pH) and calcination temperature on the characteristics of the precipitated CaO was observed. The blood calm shell produces precipitated CaO 85-92 % with a particle size of 200-250 Nm and the limestone produces precipitated CaO 42-66% with a particle size of 250-300 Nm 
Fe Ion extraction in patchouli oil with ion exchange using resin Jaenuri, Abdul Rahman Khadafi; Anarchie, Thafie Ghilas; Sumada, Ketut
Civil and Environmental Science Journal (CIVENSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.civense.2023.00601.2

Abstract

Patchouli is the largest non-oil export commodity among essential oil exports in Indonesia. However, the quality of patchouli oil in Indonesia is considered to be very low. Traditional patchouli oil distillation is carried out in a small capacity and uses a simple distillation method based on a large difference in boiling points or one of the volatile components. This process produces poor quality patchouli oil such as acid number more than 8, dark oil, patchouli alcohol less than 30%, and high water content. This is evidenced by the large amount of Fe metal contained in patchouli oil. Patchouli oil produced contains a lot of iron in its yield, so it needs further processing to reduce the Fe content in patchouli oil. The use of resin as an adsorbent for Fe metal is one way to reduce the Fe metal content. Resin weighing 50, 150 and 250 grams was added to 200 ml of patchouli oil. Then the stirring process was carried out with a stirring speed of 200 rpm with time variations of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The results obtained showed the best adsorption process with Fe content in patchouli oil of 1.42 mg/Kg, contact time of 90 minutes and amount of resin of 250 grams with the largest percentage of removal of 87.5%. Keywords: Patchouli oil, Ion Exchange, Resin.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Pupuk Multinutrien Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate (CAP) Berbahan Cangkang Kupang Merah Nailah Rosikah, Nasywa; Rahmawati, Fajar Nanda; Sumada, Ketut
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 6 No. 5 (2024): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development (Juli 20
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v6i5.976

Abstract

Fertilisers and composites are two types of materials that can be used to improve soil fertility. However, these two materials have some differences. One of them is in the manufacturing process, fertilisers can be made in various ways, while the composite manufacturing process can only be done by biological processes. The objectives of this paper are (1) To determine the effect of acidity degree (pH) on the formation of Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate particles, (2) To determine the optimisation of Calcium Ammonium Phosphate from red mussel shells by precipitation method, and (3) To determine the characteristics of Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate produced using SEM-EDX and XRF analysis. The type of research used uses experimental research. The results and conclusions drawn are (1) The solubility of CaHPO4 decreases with increasing pH so that the weight of the resulting product increases in the precipitation method, (2) The best condition for making calcium ammonium phosphate fertiliser with red shell material is in the condition of red shell weight of 30 grams and pH 7, (3) The chemical composition contained in the CAP product with the condition of 20 grams of shell weight at pH 5 is Ca content of 74.76%, and phosphorus content of 23.5%, (4) The particle size at pH 3 weight of 20 grams ranges from 830 nm - 1970 nm and the particle size at pH 3 weight of 30 grams ranges from 1980 nm - 5220 nm. Therefore the fertiliser product does not include nano particles, (5) The CAP fertiliser product meets the SNI standards for NPK fertiliser and dolomite fertiliser.
Pembuatan Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat Dengan Bahan Baku Cangkang Telur Ayam Dan Asam Nitrat Hamzah, Maditya Amirul; Zain, Tama Rahmandha; Sumada, Ketut; Pujiastuti, Caecilia
Envirous Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Envirous
Publisher : UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/envirous.v4i1.151

Abstract

Cangkang Telur Ayam sebagai bahan baku utama karena ketersediaanya melimpah dan cangkang telur ayam banyak mengandung kalsium karbonat. Pada penelitian ini yang berjudul Pembuatan Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat dengan menggunakan cangkang telur ayam dan Asam Nitrat yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat yang memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia dan untuk menentukan pengaruh volume asam nitrat dan waktu reaksi terhadap kualitas Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat. Hasil penelitian ini volume dan waktu reaksi berpengaruh pada hasil Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat yang dihasilkan dimana semakin banyak volume asam nitrat yang ditambahkan maka semakin banyak juga cangkang telur ayam yang bereaksi maka kadar kalsium pada pupuk juga besar. Pengaruh waktu reaksi pada penelitian ini yaitu jika semakin lama waktu reaksi maka kadar nitrat pada Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat akan semakin besar sedangkan kadar kalsium pada Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat akan semakin kecil. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu hasil Analisa XRF menunjukan bahwa kandungan kalsium karbonat pada cangkang telur ayam yaitu 91.2%. Pada penelitian ini juga di dapatkan kondisi terbaik dengan kondisi waktu reaksi 50 menit dan volume asam nitrat sebagai pelarut 30 ml yaitu kadar kalsium sebesar 82% dan kandungan nitrat 9.1%. Dari hasil tersebut Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat belum memenuhi Standart Nasional Indonesia (SNI) terutama pada kandungan nitrat.
Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Phosphate Using Two Stages of Process Anggoro, Achmad Rahditya Viman; Arianti, Rahma Dea Rerindra; Pujiastuti, Caecilia; Sumada, Ketut; Muljani, Srie
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 1 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (June 2024 )
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i1.37829

Abstract

Calcium phosphate, a naturally occurring biomaterial found in human and animal bones and teeth, possesses desirable properties such as strength, biocompatibility, and the ability to stimulate tissue growth. This study investigates the synthesis of calcium phosphate through a precipitation method without calcination. The process involves dissolving raw materials in phosphoric acid, followed by precipitation using KOH as the precipitating agent. The resulting precipitate was then calcined for 3 hours. The calcium phosphate product was characterized using XRF, XRD, and SEM-EDX techniques. The results indicate a Ca-P molar ratio ranging from 1.855 to 2.302, with the predominant phase identified as -calcium pyrophosphate. SEM analysis reveals a plate-like morphology with agglomerated particles ranging in size from 888 nm to 7.79 m. The synthesized calcium phosphate holds potential for various biomedical applications due to its unique properties and composition.
Utilization of Glass Waste in Silica Gel Production Using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) with The Sol-Gel Method Rahmawati, Belinda Tri Setya; Vidyantari, Lyra; Sumada, Ketut
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-bel

Abstract

The utilization of glass waste as raw material for silica gel using the sol-gel method to produce high-quality products while reducing inorganic waste. Silica is extracted from glass waste using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), then converted into sodium silicate. Silica gel synthesis is carried out by varying two main parameters: the sodium silicate: water ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and sulfuric acid concentration (1.5 M, 2 M, 2.5 M, 3 M, and 3.5 M). Product characterization was performed using XRF for SiO₂ content, XRD for amorphous structure, and BET for specific surface area. The highest SiO₂ content of 86.83% was obtained at a ratio of 1:5 and H₂SO₄ concentration of 3.5 M. In contrast, the highest specific surface area of 186.82 m²/g was achieved at the same ratio and 3 M. These conditions highlight the balance between sufficient acid strength to remove metallic and organic impurities and adequate dilution to maintain effective mass transfer, resulting in a SiO₂ purity of up to 99%. These results highlight the high potential of glass waste as an alternative silica source for adsorbent and catalyst support applications.
OPTIMIZATION OF VALUABLE MINERALS (MG2+ & K⁺) RECOVERY FROM SEAWATER USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah; Caecilia Pudjiastuti; Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin; Sumada, Ketut
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6284

Abstract

The extraction of metallic ions from seawater brine within a circular economy framework presents economic promise yet is hampered by concomitant ionic interference manifested during the precipitation of salts. The present investigation sought to characterize and subsequently to refine the co-precipitation steps for magnesium and potassium ions such that they yield suitable precursors for the synthesis of struvite fertilizer. The experimental work utilized a Response Surface Methodology built upon a Face-Centered Central Composite Design, interrogating the influence of the molar ratio of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride and the duration of reaction on the simultaneous recovery of Mg²⁺ and K⁺. Results from the Analysis of Variance demonstrated that the principal effects of the aforementioned ratio, reaction duration, and their interaction terms were statistically significant for both target recoveries. By iterative optimization, the experimental framework predicted optimal operational parameters of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride ratio of 0.401 and a reaction interval of 11.608 minutes, corresponding to a composite desirability statistic of 0.908 and estimated recoveries of 93.979 % and 97.300 % for magnesium and potassium ions, respectively. The data therefore substantiate the conclusion that Response Surface Methodology provides a systematic and analytically tractable conduit for the resolution of equilibrated brine mixtures, delineating a refined process envelope that promotes the extraction and economic valorization of essential mineral fertilizers from industrial saline streams.
Precipitated calcium oxide nanosize from limestone and blood clam shells Pujiastuti, Caecilia -; Muljani, Srie; Sumada, Ketut
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Calcium oxide (CaO) is a product that is needed by various types of industries such as the pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural and health industries. CaO is generally produced by the calcination method of CaCO3 materials such as calcium carbonate rocks or from various types of shells. The calcination method requires a large amount of energy because the operating temperature is above 1000 C and the resulting calcium oxide product is still micrometer size. This study developed nanosize precipitated CaO from two calcium sources, namely blood clam shells and limestone. For clam shells using hydrochloric acid as a solvent and sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent, while for limestone using phosphoric acid as a solvent and potassium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. The effect of acidity (pH) and calcination temperature on the characteristics of the precipitated CaO was observed. The blood calm shell produces precipitated CaO 85-92 % with a particle size of 200-250 Nm and the limestone produces precipitated CaO 42-66% with a particle size of 250-300 Nm 
Development of a Spray Pipe Evaporator for Application on Unproductive Salt Farm Land in Indonesia Muljani, Srie; Sumada, Ketut; Pradana, Alfian Rizki; Pujiastuti, Caecilia
ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This article discusses the development of a prototype spray pipe evaporator and its efficiency in producing salt in Indonesia. Due to the length of the salt harvesting season in Indonesia, many salt farmers have closed their business doors, leaving many salt ponds abandoned. The spray pipe evaporator prototype was designed to produce a brine solution with a salinity of 23–24 Be from seawater, which has a salinity of 2.5–3.5 Be, in less than 3 days. This is faster than the conventional process of a brine solution salinity of 24 Be. The prototype spray pipe evaporator was assessed in a 20 x 60 m evaporation pool with a depth of 18 cm that contained brine solution with a salinity of 15.5 Be. The number of sprays installed was 11. The salinity increased from 15.5 Be to 20.5 Be after 8.5 hr of evaporation. Meanwhile, with conventional evaporation, the salinity of the brine solution reaches 16.5 Be after 3 days of evaporation. Based on calculations of the evaporation capacity for 11 sprays, it was determined that each spray can evaporate 7.6 m3 of water. A spray pipe evaporator is thus more recommended for evaporation of seawater with a salinity of around 3–5 Be. The ratio of evaporation ponds using spray to evaporation ponds without spray is around 1:15. The technical development conducted in this study improved the evaporation process through spraying, which is applicable for salt pond farming and the salt industry. This technology arguably saves energy for pumps and reduces the number of workers, thus benefitting the salt farmers’ communities in tropical contexts, such as Indonesia.