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Mini-Review on Renewable Production of Green p-Xylene Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Saputro, Erwan Adi; Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah
International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): IJEISE
Publisher : UPN Veteran Jatim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/ijeise.v5i2.135

Abstract

The sustainable and renewable production of p-xylene (PX), a crucial component for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is increasingly important as an alternative to fossil-based processes. This review examines biomass-derived routes for PX synthesis, emphasizing the use of bio-px production pathways to feasible for commercialization. While bio-PX production offers reduced greenhouse gas emissions, challenges remain in cost, catalyst stability, and energy requirements. Recent innovations in catalyst regeneration and hierarchical structures enhance stability and minimize coke formation. Life-cycle assessments confirm bio-PX’s environmental advantages, suggesting that further research into biomass sources and catalyst efficiency will advance bio-based PX production toward commercial viability in a sustainable bioeconomy.
Evaluasi Kinerja Cooling Tower CT-2211A-B Unit Utilitas Produksi IA PT Petrokimia Gresik Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Nurmawati, Ardika; Saputro, Erwan Adi; Juwana, Krishna Rahmad; Handy, Febry Widiatniko; Pinandita, Indrawan
Dinamik Vol 30 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Stikubank

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35315/dinamik.v30i1.9885

Abstract

Setiap industri membutuhkan air pendingin (cooling water) sebagai unit pendukung dalam proses produksinya, termasuk industri petrokimia yang memerlukan air pendingin (cooling water) agar proses produksinya dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Untuk meningkatkan serta menjaga penggunaan air pendingin (cooling water) , maka digunakan alat cooling tower yang berfungsi untuk me-recycle air kondensat menjadi air pendingin (cooling water) kembali. Penggunaan alat cooling tower ini dinilai sangat penting, sehingga diperlukan analisa evaluasi kinerja alat untuk mengetahui kondisi cooling tower dan mencegah kerusakan dikemudian hari. Evaluasi tersebut berdasarkan nilai efisiensi kerja serta termal cooling tower dan perhitungan neraca massa pada sistem cooling tower CT-22111 A-B. Analisa evaluasi ini dapat menjadi hal yang di pertimbangan oleh teknis pihak industri untuk melakukan perawatan lebih lanjut serta operasional. Dari Analisa data lapangan serta data pendukung didapatkan hasil aktual yang menunjukkan di mana cooling tower pada unit utilitas departemen produksi IA diperoleh sebesar 71% untuk desain dan 77% untuk aktual serta untuk efisiensi termal masih direntang 67% - 81% tidak terlalu berbeda dengan data desain untuk efisiensi termal. Dengan demikian, kinerja cooling tower menunjukkan bahwa masih beroperasi dengan cukup baik.
OPTIMIZATION OF VALUABLE MINERALS (MG2+ & K⁺) RECOVERY FROM SEAWATER USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah; Caecilia Pudjiastuti; Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin; Sumada, Ketut
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6284

Abstract

The extraction of metallic ions from seawater brine within a circular economy framework presents economic promise yet is hampered by concomitant ionic interference manifested during the precipitation of salts. The present investigation sought to characterize and subsequently to refine the co-precipitation steps for magnesium and potassium ions such that they yield suitable precursors for the synthesis of struvite fertilizer. The experimental work utilized a Response Surface Methodology built upon a Face-Centered Central Composite Design, interrogating the influence of the molar ratio of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride and the duration of reaction on the simultaneous recovery of Mg²⁺ and K⁺. Results from the Analysis of Variance demonstrated that the principal effects of the aforementioned ratio, reaction duration, and their interaction terms were statistically significant for both target recoveries. By iterative optimization, the experimental framework predicted optimal operational parameters of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride ratio of 0.401 and a reaction interval of 11.608 minutes, corresponding to a composite desirability statistic of 0.908 and estimated recoveries of 93.979 % and 97.300 % for magnesium and potassium ions, respectively. The data therefore substantiate the conclusion that Response Surface Methodology provides a systematic and analytically tractable conduit for the resolution of equilibrated brine mixtures, delineating a refined process envelope that promotes the extraction and economic valorization of essential mineral fertilizers from industrial saline streams.