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All Journal Reaktor JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN Jurnal Teknik Kimia Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Briliant: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual Journal of Research and Technology IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) Civil and Environmental Science Journal (CIVENSE) Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement G-Tech : Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE) Envirous Sinergi Polmed : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Journal Serambi Engineering (JSE) JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Ketut Sumada
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty Of Engineering And Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur
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Study of Crystallization Process of Potassium Chloride (KCl) Solution with Ethanol Solution Selvia Sofi Yanti; Muhimatur Rosida; Ketut Sumada; Caecilia Pujiastuti; Suprihatin Suprihatin
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 9 No 1 (2025): G-Tech, Vol. 9 No. 1 January 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/gtech.v9i1.5628

Abstract

This study develops a method for producing KCl fertilizer from KCl waste generated during the industrial production of calcium oxide, with KCl concentrations in the wastewater ranging from 7-10%. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of ethanol concentration and crystallization time on pore diameter, KCl content, and the amount of product produced. The study was conducted in two stages: evaporation and crystallization. In the evaporation stage, the KCl waste was heated until it reached a saturated solution. In the crystallization stage, ethanol solution was added as an antisolvent to accelerate the crystallization process.KCl analysis results showed that increasing ethanol concentration and crystallization time led to higher K and Cl content in the final product. The highest K content was 79.55%, and the highest Cl content was 16.88%, achieved with 90% ethanol concentration and a crystallization time of 100 minutes. BET analysis indicated that as ethanol concentration increased, the resulting product size grew larger, leading to smaller pore diameters. At high ethanol concentrations, the KCl crystals formed lacked pores. SEM-EDX analysis revealed that the KCl crystals not only contained K and Cl but also other elements such as C, O, and Ca.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI PUPUK AMONIUM SULFAT BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI BLEACHING EARTH Berliana Ayu Emilia Candra Dewi; Dimas Agus Andriansyah; Dwi Hery Astuti; Ketut Sumada Sani
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v9i3.10664

Abstract

Limbah Cair industri bleaching earth merupakan limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari proses pencucian setelah proses aktivasi batuan bentonit dengan bantuan asam sulfat . kandungan  asam sufat dalam limbah cair tersbut sebesar  15,7%  dengan pH sebesar 1,16.  Salah satu cara pengolahan limbah cair ini adalah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku untuk membuat pupuk amonium sulfat. Pembuatan pupuk amonium sulfat dilakukan dengan mengambil ion sulfat yang terkandung didalam limbah dan direaksikan dengan ion amonium yang terkadnung dalam amonium hidroksida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mendapatkan Pengaruh volume amonium hidroksida (NH4OH) dan suhu reaksi terhadap kadar nitrogen (N) dan sulfur (S) pada amonium sulfat ((NH4)2SO4) yang dihasilkan dalam mesintesis pupuk amonium sulfat yang sesuai dengan dengan SNI 02-1760-2005. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan variabel peubah yang dijalankan, yaitu variasi volume penambahan dan suhu reaksi.  Proses sintesis diawali dengan mereaksikan limbah cair dengan amonium hidroksida  selama  1 jam . padatan yang terbentuk kemudian dicuci dengan aquadest dan filtrasi. Filtrat hasil penyaringan kemudian dikristalisasi dan padatan kristal yang terbentuk dikeringkan hingga kadar air dalam bahan sebesar 1%.  Produk dianalisis hasilnya secara kuantitatif dan yield terbaik dilakukan analisis  kandungan nitrogen dan analisis XRF untuk mengetahui kandungan sulfur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu reaksi dan volume amonium hidroksida yang ditambahkan mempengaruhi produk amonium sulfat yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi suhu yield yang dihasilkan akan semakin besar, akan tetapi apabila suhu reaksi terlalu tinggi yield yang dihasilkan akan mengalami penurunan. Begitu pula pengaruh volume penambahan amonium hidroksida terhadap produk hasil reaksi. Semakin tinggi volume amonium hidroksida yang ditambahkan, yield yang dihasilkan akan semakin besar, akan tetapi apabila volume penambahan amonium hidroksida terlalu tinggi yield yang dihasilkan akan mengalami penurunan
PENGARUH DEBIT DAN RECYCLE MIKROBA AEROB PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KERUPUK UDANG DENGAN KONTAK-STABILISASI Setiani, Astri; Safira, Lutfia Rima; Sumada, Ketut; Susilowati, Titi; Perwitasari, Dyah Suci
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 19, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jurnal_tekkim.v19i2.5075

Abstract

Industri kerupuk udang merupakan sektor yang memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan limbah dan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan terutama lingkungan perairan disekitar industri. Limbah kerupuk udang memiliki kadar COD dan BOD yang tinggi, jika limbah tersebut dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa adanya pengolahan, maka akan menimbulkan banyak masalah bagi lingkungan seperti terganggunya ekosistem sungai sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi kadar COD, BOD, dan menetralkan pH serta mengetahui pengaruh debit limbah masuk dan debit recycle mikroba aerob pada pengolahan limbah industri kerupuk udang menggunakan teknologi kontak-stabilisasi. Proses pengolahan dilakukan menggunakan dua kondisi operasi yang divariasikan yaitu debit limbah masuk sebesar 8liter/jam ; 10liter/jam ; 12liter/jam ; 16liter/jam ; 24liter/jam dan debit recycle mikroba yang divariasi sebesar 4liter/jam ; 5liter/jam ; 6liter/jam ; 8 liter/jam ; 12 liter/jam. Penurunan kadar COD dan BOD paling optimum pada debit limbah masuk 8 liter/jam dan debit recycle mikroba 12liter/jam dengan penurunan kadar COD sebesar 94.10% dan penurunan BOD sebesar 95.48%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin kecil debit limbah masuk, maka penurunan kadar COD dan BOD semakin besar. Sementara itu, semakin besar debit recycle mikroba aerob maka penurunan kadar COD dan BOD semakin besar.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Pupuk Multinutrien Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate (CAP) Berbahan Cangkang Kupang Merah Nailah Rosikah, Nasywa; Rahmawati, Fajar Nanda; Sumada, Ketut
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 6 No. 5 (2024): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development (Juli 20
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v6i5.976

Abstract

Fertilisers and composites are two types of materials that can be used to improve soil fertility. However, these two materials have some differences. One of them is in the manufacturing process, fertilisers can be made in various ways, while the composite manufacturing process can only be done by biological processes. The objectives of this paper are (1) To determine the effect of acidity degree (pH) on the formation of Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate particles, (2) To determine the optimisation of Calcium Ammonium Phosphate from red mussel shells by precipitation method, and (3) To determine the characteristics of Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate produced using SEM-EDX and XRF analysis. The type of research used uses experimental research. The results and conclusions drawn are (1) The solubility of CaHPO4 decreases with increasing pH so that the weight of the resulting product increases in the precipitation method, (2) The best condition for making calcium ammonium phosphate fertiliser with red shell material is in the condition of red shell weight of 30 grams and pH 7, (3) The chemical composition contained in the CAP product with the condition of 20 grams of shell weight at pH 5 is Ca content of 74.76%, and phosphorus content of 23.5%, (4) The particle size at pH 3 weight of 20 grams ranges from 830 nm - 1970 nm and the particle size at pH 3 weight of 30 grams ranges from 1980 nm - 5220 nm. Therefore the fertiliser product does not include nano particles, (5) The CAP fertiliser product meets the SNI standards for NPK fertiliser and dolomite fertiliser.
Pembuatan Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat Dengan Bahan Baku Cangkang Telur Ayam Dan Asam Nitrat Hamzah, Maditya Amirul; Zain, Tama Rahmandha; Sumada, Ketut; Pujiastuti, Caecilia
Envirous Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Envirous
Publisher : UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/envirous.v4i1.151

Abstract

Cangkang Telur Ayam sebagai bahan baku utama karena ketersediaanya melimpah dan cangkang telur ayam banyak mengandung kalsium karbonat. Pada penelitian ini yang berjudul Pembuatan Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat dengan menggunakan cangkang telur ayam dan Asam Nitrat yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat yang memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia dan untuk menentukan pengaruh volume asam nitrat dan waktu reaksi terhadap kualitas Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat. Hasil penelitian ini volume dan waktu reaksi berpengaruh pada hasil Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat yang dihasilkan dimana semakin banyak volume asam nitrat yang ditambahkan maka semakin banyak juga cangkang telur ayam yang bereaksi maka kadar kalsium pada pupuk juga besar. Pengaruh waktu reaksi pada penelitian ini yaitu jika semakin lama waktu reaksi maka kadar nitrat pada Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat akan semakin besar sedangkan kadar kalsium pada Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat akan semakin kecil. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu hasil Analisa XRF menunjukan bahwa kandungan kalsium karbonat pada cangkang telur ayam yaitu 91.2%. Pada penelitian ini juga di dapatkan kondisi terbaik dengan kondisi waktu reaksi 50 menit dan volume asam nitrat sebagai pelarut 30 ml yaitu kadar kalsium sebesar 82% dan kandungan nitrat 9.1%. Dari hasil tersebut Pupuk Kalsium Nitrat belum memenuhi Standart Nasional Indonesia (SNI) terutama pada kandungan nitrat.
Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Phosphate Using Two Stages of Process Anggoro, Achmad Rahditya Viman; Arianti, Rahma Dea Rerindra; Pujiastuti, Caecilia; Sumada, Ketut; Muljani, Srie
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 1 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (June 2024 )
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i1.37829

Abstract

Calcium phosphate, a naturally occurring biomaterial found in human and animal bones and teeth, possesses desirable properties such as strength, biocompatibility, and the ability to stimulate tissue growth. This study investigates the synthesis of calcium phosphate through a precipitation method without calcination. The process involves dissolving raw materials in phosphoric acid, followed by precipitation using KOH as the precipitating agent. The resulting precipitate was then calcined for 3 hours. The calcium phosphate product was characterized using XRF, XRD, and SEM-EDX techniques. The results indicate a Ca-P molar ratio ranging from 1.855 to 2.302, with the predominant phase identified as -calcium pyrophosphate. SEM analysis reveals a plate-like morphology with agglomerated particles ranging in size from 888 nm to 7.79 m. The synthesized calcium phosphate holds potential for various biomedical applications due to its unique properties and composition.
Utilization of Glass Waste in Silica Gel Production Using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) with The Sol-Gel Method Rahmawati, Belinda Tri Setya; Vidyantari, Lyra; Sumada, Ketut
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-bel

Abstract

The utilization of glass waste as raw material for silica gel using the sol-gel method to produce high-quality products while reducing inorganic waste. Silica is extracted from glass waste using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), then converted into sodium silicate. Silica gel synthesis is carried out by varying two main parameters: the sodium silicate: water ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and sulfuric acid concentration (1.5 M, 2 M, 2.5 M, 3 M, and 3.5 M). Product characterization was performed using XRF for SiO₂ content, XRD for amorphous structure, and BET for specific surface area. The highest SiO₂ content of 86.83% was obtained at a ratio of 1:5 and H₂SO₄ concentration of 3.5 M. In contrast, the highest specific surface area of 186.82 m²/g was achieved at the same ratio and 3 M. These conditions highlight the balance between sufficient acid strength to remove metallic and organic impurities and adequate dilution to maintain effective mass transfer, resulting in a SiO₂ purity of up to 99%. These results highlight the high potential of glass waste as an alternative silica source for adsorbent and catalyst support applications.
OPTIMIZATION OF VALUABLE MINERALS (MG2+ & K⁺) RECOVERY FROM SEAWATER USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah; Caecilia Pudjiastuti; Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin; Sumada, Ketut
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6284

Abstract

The extraction of metallic ions from seawater brine within a circular economy framework presents economic promise yet is hampered by concomitant ionic interference manifested during the precipitation of salts. The present investigation sought to characterize and subsequently to refine the co-precipitation steps for magnesium and potassium ions such that they yield suitable precursors for the synthesis of struvite fertilizer. The experimental work utilized a Response Surface Methodology built upon a Face-Centered Central Composite Design, interrogating the influence of the molar ratio of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride and the duration of reaction on the simultaneous recovery of Mg²⁺ and K⁺. Results from the Analysis of Variance demonstrated that the principal effects of the aforementioned ratio, reaction duration, and their interaction terms were statistically significant for both target recoveries. By iterative optimization, the experimental framework predicted optimal operational parameters of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride ratio of 0.401 and a reaction interval of 11.608 minutes, corresponding to a composite desirability statistic of 0.908 and estimated recoveries of 93.979 % and 97.300 % for magnesium and potassium ions, respectively. The data therefore substantiate the conclusion that Response Surface Methodology provides a systematic and analytically tractable conduit for the resolution of equilibrated brine mixtures, delineating a refined process envelope that promotes the extraction and economic valorization of essential mineral fertilizers from industrial saline streams.
STUDY OF KINETIC MODELING FOR SEA WATER IMPURITIES REMOVAL (SO4) USING DISODIUM PHOSPHATE (NA2HPO4) AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE (CACL2) Pujiastuti, Caecilia; Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah; Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Sumada, Ketut
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 19, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jurnal_tekkim.v19i2.5157

Abstract

Salt is an essential mineral for human life, typically containing NaCl along with various impurities such as Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, and K⁺. The production of industrial-grade salt can be achieved through chemical treatments to bind these impurities. This study aims to investigate the kinetics of Sulphate (SO4) precipitation in order to lower impurities concentrations in seawater (Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, and K⁺), which is used as raw material for salt production, by adding chemical agents disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂), each at a concentration of 2N. The research was conducted using continuous stirred tank technology with a stirring speed of 100 rpm and a solution pH of 9. The kinetics of impurity reduction in seawater were simulated using mathematical formulations, specifically pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The results indicated that the process achieved the best outcomes with the addition of SO₄ solution, resulting in the highest removal value of 757.86 mg/L compared to others. Additionally, this correlated with an R² value close to 1 for the second-order kinetics, specifically 0.9871.
Precipitated calcium oxide nanosize from limestone and blood clam shells Pujiastuti, Caecilia -; Muljani, Srie; Sumada, Ketut
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Calcium oxide (CaO) is a product that is needed by various types of industries such as the pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural and health industries. CaO is generally produced by the calcination method of CaCO3 materials such as calcium carbonate rocks or from various types of shells. The calcination method requires a large amount of energy because the operating temperature is above 1000 C and the resulting calcium oxide product is still micrometer size. This study developed nanosize precipitated CaO from two calcium sources, namely blood clam shells and limestone. For clam shells using hydrochloric acid as a solvent and sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent, while for limestone using phosphoric acid as a solvent and potassium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. The effect of acidity (pH) and calcination temperature on the characteristics of the precipitated CaO was observed. The blood calm shell produces precipitated CaO 85-92 % with a particle size of 200-250 Nm and the limestone produces precipitated CaO 42-66% with a particle size of 250-300 Nm 
Co-Authors Adinda Rimarsya Bahita Ahmad Adzani, Mayla Fayzza Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin Amelia Putri Kusherawati Anarchie, Thafie Ghilas Anggelina, Efline Anggoro, Achmad Rahditya Viman Anggraeni, Verendria Putri Caesar Anggun, Brendayani Arianti, Rahma Dea Rerindra Arief S, Purwanto Bambang Wahyudi Wahyudi Berliana Ayu Emilia Candra Dewi Caecilia - Pujiastuti Caecilia Pudjiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Chaerani, Novika Cahya Cindy Saskia Damayanti Clareta Rahmawati Maudy Delfian Lutfiananda Dewi, Dwi Kirana Ika Candra Dimas Agus Andriansyah Dwi Hery Astuti Dyah Suci Perwitasari Effendi, Anggi Aulia Putri Erda Roriza Putri Redina Erwan Adi Saputro Fahturrozak, Ahmad Farhan Azka Nashuha Hamzah, Maditya Amirul Jaenuri, Abdul Rahman Khadafi Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi Laila, Indah Nur Meriana Armidianti Meriska Diva Nadia Putri Amrulloh Meutia Familya Monica, Clarissa Putri Muhimatur Rosida Nailah Rosikah, Nasywa Ni Ketut Sari Niken Febrila Awardani Noni Aulia Nove Kartika Noviardyanti, Fara Zabrina Palaguna, Kadek Aditya Pamoedji, Yemima Natalia Eka Kristiyanti Pingky Fantika Wulandari Pradana, Alfian Rizki Priambodo, Melandy Dwi Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia - Putri, Dinar Ismilla Rahmawati, Belinda Tri Setya Rahmawati, Fajar Nanda Raka Selaksa Charisma Muchammad Ramadhan, Mochamad Rafli Retno Dewati Retno dewati Reza Salsabilla Kafy S Suprihatin Safira, Lutfia Rima Saudhia Aulizya Niswatul Khusna Selvia Sofi Yanti Setiani, Astri Silviana Ariana Sintha Soraya Santi Sri Muljani Sri Muljani SRIE MULJANI Suprianti, Lilik Suprihatin Suprihatin Susilowati Tiur Lina Tri Andini Agustin Verbiawan, Erza Anggara Vica Brilliany Sanjaya Vidyantari, Lyra Widya P, Vika Widyaningrum, Nilam Putri Yogaswara, Rachmad Ramadhan Yuriko Tiara Yustina Ngatilah Yustina Ngatilah Zain, Tama Rahmandha