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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Malacca Pharmaceutics
Muhammad Bahi
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Isolation of Ethyl p-Methoxycinnamate from Azadirachta indica Root Bark as Hong Kong Caterpillar (Tenebrio molitor) Antifeedant Rosnani Nasution; Cut Nyak Candein; Nurdin Saidi; Muhammad Bahi; Marianne Marianne
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 6 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.64487

Abstract

This study aims to identify the antifeedant activity of Azadirachta indica A. Juss root bark against Hong Kong caterpillar (Tenebrio molitor). A. indica A. root was macerated in n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The investigation of antifeedant activity was conducted by using the no choice leaf disk method. The antifeedant activity (%AI) tests showed that the extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol with each concentration of 0.5% were 6.71, 71.78, and 40.14%, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the most active antifeedant activity. Ethyl acetate extract was fractionated to obtain five subfractions (A-E). Each subfraction with each concentration of 0.5% showed the %AI of 70.55, 85.29; 67.40, 82.70 and 82.22%, respectively. Furthermore, GC-MS results demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract contained 19 compounds. The main compounds are methyl hexadecanoate and methyl 8-octadecenoate. Further purification of fraction A, which has the highest amount, was then carried out. The obtained isolate, i.e., A32, was determined as ethyl p-methoxycinnamate confirmed by 13C- and 1H-NMR, FTIR, and MS spectra. The presence of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate makes A. indica A. root is potential as T. molitor antifeedant. The implication of these findings is to reference herbal antifeedants and reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.
Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Activity from the Leaf Midrib of Nypa fruticans Wurm. Rosnani Nasution; Yoon Jeon; Hadis Fadillah; Muhammad Bahi; Marianne Marianne
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.89094

Abstract

This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of n-hexane and ethanol extracts of Nypa fruticans leaf sheaths. The ethanol extract, with the most active antidiabetic properties from the n-hexane extract, was characterized using GC-MS. The total phenol, total flavonoid, and antioxidant properties were determined, and then the ethanol extract was fractionated. An antidiabetic activity test was carried out using the glucose tolerance method in male Swiss Webster mice. The results showed that subfraction A (the effect of fractionation of ethanol extract) was the most capable of reducing blood sugar levels, namely 247.67 mg/dL in 30 min (the activity is 98.67% compared to glibenclamide). The ethanol extract can reduce blood glucose levels by 203.34 mg/dL at 30 min (81.01% compared to glibenclamide). The results of total phenolic and total flavonoid content tests for the ethanol extract were obtained at 18.0349 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 2.8309 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 antioxidant activity of the extract is 417.4399 ppm. Characterization using GC-MS on the extract showed that the dominant phytoconstituent in the extract is 4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole, with a composition of 63.45%.  
Hexane Extract from Squirrel-Tail Palm Fruit (Wodyetia bifurcata) as a Moisturizing Cream: Phytochemical Profile, Formulation, and Evaluation Rosnani Nasution; Fahzir Zahwari; Muhammad Bahi; Reza Akbar Bastian; Marianne Marianne
Malacca Pharmaceutics Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): September 2026 (In Press)
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/mp.v4i2.417

Abstract

Dry skin, characterized by excessive water loss from the outermost layer of the epidermis, is a common dermatological concern that can be addressed with topical moisturizers. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a moisturizing cream based on the n-hexane extract of squirrel-tail palm fruit (Wodyetia bifurcata) and to identify its phytochemical profile. The dried fruit pulp was macerated in n-hexane, and the resulting extract was characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Two cream formulations containing 5% (F1) and 15% (F2) of the extract, together with a base cream (F0) and a commercial cream (F+), were prepared as oil-in-water emulsions and evaluated for moisturizing effectiveness on the heels of six female volunteers (aged 35–50) over 14 days using a skin moisture analyzer. Physical properties of the creams were assessed using organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, irritation, and hedonic tests, along with a four-cycle stability test. GC–MS analysis identified 48 compounds dominated by fatty acids and their methyl esters, with 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (10.55%), I-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (8.14%), and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (5.55%) as major constituents. The mean moisturizing effectiveness values were 13.46% for the crude extract, 19.48% for F1, and 25.83% for F2, indicating concentration-dependent moisturizing activity. All physical property results complied with the SNI 16-4399-1996 standard, and no skin irritation was observed. Overall, formulation F1 was identified as the optimal preparation in balancing physical stability, sensory acceptability, and moisturizing performance, supporting the cosmetic potential of W. bifurcata fruit as a natural moisturizing agent.
Co-Authors . Marianne Cut Nyak Candein Fahzir Zahwari Hadis Fadillah Marianne Marianne Nurdin Saidi Reza Akbar Bastian Rosnani Nasution Yoon Jeon