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Efi Taufiq
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Potensi Trichoderma spp. dalam Menekan Perkembangan Penyakit Busuk Pucuk Vanili di Pembibitan Taufiq, Efi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Penyakit busuk pucuk vanili (BPV) yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici merupakan kendala pada pembibitan dan pertanaman vanili. Pengendalian penyakit umumnya menggunakan fungisida sintetik yang harganya mahal dan menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Pengendalian penyakit dengan agens hayati sudah dikembangkan dan berhasil mengatasi penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman vanili.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat Trichoderma dari tanah, rizosfer dan jaringan tanaman vanili sebagai agens hayati terhadap P. capsici secara in vitro dan in vivo (pembibitan). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman IPB, Laboratorium Penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat di Bogor, dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar di Sukabumi. Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari risosfir dan jaringan tanaman vanili dari Serang, Sukabumi, dan Batu. Pengujian antagonisme in vitro dilakukan pada 17 isolat Trichoderma spp. menggunakan metode dual culture dan metode kertas cakram, sedangkan pengujian  in vivo dilakukan pada 6 isolat Trichoderma spp. menggunakan media jagung dan metode penyemprotan suspensi konidia agens hayati.  Peubah yang diamati adalah kejadian dan tingkat keparahan penyakit busuk pucuk pada vanili.  Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan.  Hasil penelitian diperoleh 114 isolat jamur; 97 dari rizosfir, 11 dari tajuk dan 6 dari akar (endofit).  Hasil pengujian patogenisitas menunjukkan bahwa 63 isolat bersifat patogenik  pada tanaman vanili (umumnya  genus Fusarium) dan 51 isolat  tidak patogenik (umumnya Trichoderma).  Daya hambat in vitro isolat Trichoderma spp. terhadap P. capsici berkisar antara 44,5-73,5%, sedangkan dengan metode cakram daya hambatnya  6,3-75%. Keefektifan 6 isolat Trichoderma spp. menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pucuk pada bibit vanili berkisar antara 66,67-68,00%. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ada beberapa isolat Trichoderma spp yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati untuk menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pucuk vanili yang disebabkan oleh P. capsici.   Potential of Trichoderma spp. To suppress development of the shoot rot disease of vanilla in nurseriesABTRACT Shoot rot disease of vanilla (BPV) is caused by Phytophthora capsici is a constraint on the seedling and planting vanilla. Disease control generally use synthetic fungicides are expensive and cause environmental pollution. Disease control with biological agents has been developed and successfully overcome the base of the stem rot disease in vanilla plants. This study aims to obtain isolates of Trichoderma from soil, rhizosphere and plant tissue vanilla as a biological agent against P. capsici in vitro and in vivo (seedling). Mycological Research conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection Department of IPB, Laboratory Center for Disease Spices and Medicinal Plants Research in Bogor, and Greenhouse Crops Research Institute for Industry and freshening in Sukabumi. Trichoderma spp. isolated from plant tissue,  rizosphere and vanilla from Serang, Sukabumi, and Batu. Invitro antagonism test performed on 17 isolates of Trichoderma spp. using the dual culture method and the method of the paper disc, whereas in vivo tests carried out on six isolates of Trichoderma spp. using corn media and methods of spraying conidia suspensions of biological agents. Observed variable is the incidence and severity of shoot rot disease in vanilla. Research using randomized block design with three replications. The results obtained 114 isolates of the fungus; 97 of the rizosphere, 11 of the canopy and 6 of the root (Endophytic). The results of pathogenicity tests showed that 63 isolates are pathogenic on plants vanilla (generally  Fusarium) and 51 isolates were not pathogenic (generally  Trichoderma). The inhibition of in vitro isolates of Trichoderma spp. against P. capsici ranged from 44.5 to 73.5%, while the disc method hambatnya power from 6.3 to 75%. The effectiveness of six isolates of Trichoderma spp. suppress the development of bud rot disease in vanilla seeds ranged from 66.67 to 68.00%. The results indicate that some isolates of Trichoderma spp as potential biological agents to suppress the development of shoot rot disease of vanilla caused by P. capsici.
Ketahanan 13 Nomor Koleksi Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete terhadap Penyakit Busuk Akar Fusarium Dani, Dani; Taufiq, Efi; Supriadi, Handi; Randriani, Enny; Wicaksono, Ilham Nur Ardhi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Busuk akar Fusarium merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman jambu mete pada fase bibit maupun dewasa. Oleh sebab itu, upaya perakitan varietas tanaman jambu mete yang tahan terhadap serangan penyakit tersebut perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji ketahanan nomor-nomor koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Seleksi dilakukan terhadap bibit hasil persarian terbuka dari 13 nomor aksesi jambu mete koleksi plasma nutfah di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Cikampek. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada fase bibit di dalam rumah plastik dengan naungan paranet intensitas 50% di KP Pakuwon. Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Inokulasi buatan menggunakan isolat Fusarium sp. dari tanah yang dicairkan sampai kepadatan konidia 108 konidia/ml. Hasil pengamatan menujukkan bahwa seluruh nomor aksesi jambu mete yang diuji tidak tahan terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Persentase kejadian penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Lembor 2, M Z Lux, dan Ekoae Kecil, yaitu mencapai 93,33%, sedangkan aksesi JN 26 menunjukkan persentase kejadian sebesar 63,33%. Tingkat keparahan penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Menini 15, yaitu mencapai 83,56%, meskipun secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata dengan Kodi 2 dan Kobawani yang masing-masing 82,92% dan 82,48%.  Resistance of 13 Cashew Germplasm Accessions to Fusarium Root Rot Disease ABSTRACT Root rot caused by Fusarium is an important cashew disease which attacks any stage of cashew growing from seedlings to adult plant. Therefore, findings of new cashew variety being resistant to the disease should be done in breeding program. The aim of this work was to assess resistance of cashew accession numbers to the disease. Cashew seedlings derived from open pollinated of 13 cashew accessions were observed at germplasm collection of the crop planted at Cikampek Research Station. This work was held in nursery with 50% light intensity of paranet at Pakuwon Research Station. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Artificial innoculation used Fusarium isolated from soil was diluted in sterilized water with density of 108 conidia/ml was innoculated to the seedlings. Result showed that allf cashew accessions tested were sucecptable to the disease attack. Lembor 2, M Z Lux, and small Ekoae accessions revealed high in disease incidence which reached 93.33%. Whereas, JN 26 showed the lowest disease incidence, i.e. only 63.33%. The most severe disease symptom was show by Menini 15 (83.56%), although it was not significantly different from Kodi 2 and Kobawani reaching of 82.92% and 82.48%, respectively.
Ketahanan 13 Nomor Koleksi Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete terhadap Penyakit Busuk Akar Fusarium Dani, Dani; Taufiq, Efi; Supriadi, Handi; Randriani, Enny; Wicaksono, Ilham Nur Ardhi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Busuk akar Fusarium merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman jambu mete pada fase bibit maupun dewasa. Oleh sebab itu, upaya perakitan varietas tanaman jambu mete yang tahan terhadap serangan penyakit tersebut perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji ketahanan nomor-nomor koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Seleksi dilakukan terhadap bibit hasil persarian terbuka dari 13 nomor aksesi jambu mete koleksi plasma nutfah di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Cikampek. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada fase bibit di dalam rumah plastik dengan naungan paranet intensitas 50% di KP Pakuwon. Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Inokulasi buatan menggunakan isolat Fusarium sp. dari tanah yang dicairkan sampai kepadatan konidia 108 konidia/ml. Hasil pengamatan menujukkan bahwa seluruh nomor aksesi jambu mete yang diuji tidak tahan terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Persentase kejadian penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Lembor 2, M Z Lux, dan Ekoae Kecil, yaitu mencapai 93,33%, sedangkan aksesi JN 26 menunjukkan persentase kejadian sebesar 63,33%. Tingkat keparahan penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Menini 15, yaitu mencapai 83,56%, meskipun secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata dengan Kodi 2 dan Kobawani yang masing-masing 82,92% dan 82,48%.  Resistance of 13 Cashew Germplasm Accessions to Fusarium Root Rot Disease ABSTRACT Root rot caused by Fusarium is an important cashew disease which attacks any stage of cashew growing from seedlings to adult plant. Therefore, findings of new cashew variety being resistant to the disease should be done in breeding program. The aim of this work was to assess resistance of cashew accession numbers to the disease. Cashew seedlings derived from open pollinated of 13 cashew accessions were observed at germplasm collection of the crop planted at Cikampek Research Station. This work was held in nursery with 50% light intensity of paranet at Pakuwon Research Station. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Artificial innoculation used Fusarium isolated from soil was diluted in sterilized water with density of 108 conidia/ml was innoculated to the seedlings. Result showed that allf cashew accessions tested were sucecptable to the disease attack. Lembor 2, M Z Lux, and small Ekoae accessions revealed high in disease incidence which reached 93.33%. Whereas, JN 26 showed the lowest disease incidence, i.e. only 63.33%. The most severe disease symptom was show by Menini 15 (83.56%), although it was not significantly different from Kodi 2 and Kobawani reaching of 82.92% and 82.48%, respectively.
Seleksi dan Identifikasi Jamur Antagonis Sebagai Agens Hayati Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus microporus pada Tanaman Karet Amaria, Widi; Taufiq, Efi; Harni, Rita
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman karet yang sulit pengendaliannya karenamempunyai struktur bertahan dalam tanah (klamidospora). Pengendalian hayati dengan jamur antagonis sangat potensial digunakanuntuk mengendalikan patogen tular tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri danPenyegar, mulai Februari sampai Juli 2012 dengan tujuan untuk menyeleksi dan mengidentifikasi jamur antagonis yang potensialmengendalikan patogen R. microporus pada tanaman karet. Penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu (1) pengambilan sampel padabeberapa perkebunan karet di daerah Lampung, Sumatera Selatan, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat dan (2) isolasi, seleksi, karakterisasimorfologi dan identifikasi di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar. Hasil isolasi jamurantagonis dari rizosfer dan akar tanaman karet diperoleh 209 isolat. Berdasarkan persentase daya hambat terseleksi 12 isolat antagonis,yaitu 8 isolat rizosfer (Trichoderma virens, 2 isolat Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolat Trichoderma amazonicum, Penicillium pinophilum,Paecilomyces lilacinus, dan Aspergillus fijiensis), dan 4 isolat endofit (Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum,dan Hypocrea atroviridis). Kedua belas isolat tersebut merupakan jamur antagonis potensial untuk mengendalikan penyakit JAP padakaret.Kata Kunci: Rigidoporus microporus, seleksi, identifikasi, jamur antagonisWhite root disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus is the main pathogen in rubber growing. The diseases is hard to be controlled because of itschlamydospore in soil. The use of antagonistic fungi is a potential approach being able to control the soil borne disease. A study was established atlaboratory of The Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from February to July 2012. The objective of the study was to selectand identify some antagonistic fungi which are able to control R. microporus in rubber. The steps of study conducted were (1) collecting of soilsamples (as sources of antagonistic fungi) taken from several rubber plantations in Lampung, South Sumatra, Central Java and West Java, and (2)isolation, selection, and identification of morphological characteristics of the isolates at the Plant Protection Laboratory of The Research Institute.Results obtained 209 isolates of antagonistic fungi from rhizosphere and endophyte in rubber. There are 12-selected antagonistic isolates consisting of8 rhizosphere and 4 endophytic isolates. The rhizosphere isolates are Trichoderma virens, 2 isolates of Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolates ofTrichoderma amazonicum, and one each of Penicillium pinophilum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Aspergillus fijiensis), whereas theendophytic isolates are Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum, and Hypocrea atroviridis of oneeach. The twelve isolates are antagonistic fungi in which the white root disease may be likely controlled.
Potensi Trichoderma spp. dalam Menekan Perkembangan Penyakit Busuk Pucuk Vanili di Pembibitan Taufiq, Efi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Penyakit busuk pucuk vanili (BPV) yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici merupakan kendala pada pembibitan dan pertanaman vanili. Pengendalian penyakit umumnya menggunakan fungisida sintetik yang harganya mahal dan menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Pengendalian penyakit dengan agens hayati sudah dikembangkan dan berhasil mengatasi penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman vanili.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat Trichoderma dari tanah, rizosfer dan jaringan tanaman vanili sebagai agens hayati terhadap P. capsici secara in vitro dan in vivo (pembibitan). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman IPB, Laboratorium Penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat di Bogor, dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar di Sukabumi. Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari risosfir dan jaringan tanaman vanili dari Serang, Sukabumi, dan Batu. Pengujian antagonisme in vitro dilakukan pada 17 isolat Trichoderma spp. menggunakan metode dual culture dan metode kertas cakram, sedangkan pengujian  in vivo dilakukan pada 6 isolat Trichoderma spp. menggunakan media jagung dan metode penyemprotan suspensi konidia agens hayati.  Peubah yang diamati adalah kejadian dan tingkat keparahan penyakit busuk pucuk pada vanili.  Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan.  Hasil penelitian diperoleh 114 isolat jamur; 97 dari rizosfir, 11 dari tajuk dan 6 dari akar (endofit).  Hasil pengujian patogenisitas menunjukkan bahwa 63 isolat bersifat patogenik  pada tanaman vanili (umumnya  genus Fusarium) dan 51 isolat  tidak patogenik (umumnya Trichoderma).  Daya hambat in vitro isolat Trichoderma spp. terhadap P. capsici berkisar antara 44,5-73,5%, sedangkan dengan metode cakram daya hambatnya  6,3-75%. Keefektifan 6 isolat Trichoderma spp. menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pucuk pada bibit vanili berkisar antara 66,67-68,00%. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ada beberapa isolat Trichoderma spp yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati untuk menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pucuk vanili yang disebabkan oleh P. capsici.   Potential of Trichoderma spp. To suppress development of the shoot rot disease of vanilla in nurseriesABTRACT Shoot rot disease of vanilla (BPV) is caused by Phytophthora capsici is a constraint on the seedling and planting vanilla. Disease control generally use synthetic fungicides are expensive and cause environmental pollution. Disease control with biological agents has been developed and successfully overcome the base of the stem rot disease in vanilla plants. This study aims to obtain isolates of Trichoderma from soil, rhizosphere and plant tissue vanilla as a biological agent against P. capsici in vitro and in vivo (seedling). Mycological Research conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection Department of IPB, Laboratory Center for Disease Spices and Medicinal Plants Research in Bogor, and Greenhouse Crops Research Institute for Industry and freshening in Sukabumi. Trichoderma spp. isolated from plant tissue,  rizosphere and vanilla from Serang, Sukabumi, and Batu. Invitro antagonism test performed on 17 isolates of Trichoderma spp. using the dual culture method and the method of the paper disc, whereas in vivo tests carried out on six isolates of Trichoderma spp. using corn media and methods of spraying conidia suspensions of biological agents. Observed variable is the incidence and severity of shoot rot disease in vanilla. Research using randomized block design with three replications. The results obtained 114 isolates of the fungus; 97 of the rizosphere, 11 of the canopy and 6 of the root (Endophytic). The results of pathogenicity tests showed that 63 isolates are pathogenic on plants vanilla (generally  Fusarium) and 51 isolates were not pathogenic (generally  Trichoderma). The inhibition of in vitro isolates of Trichoderma spp. against P. capsici ranged from 44.5 to 73.5%, while the disc method hambatnya power from 6.3 to 75%. The effectiveness of six isolates of Trichoderma spp. suppress the development of bud rot disease in vanilla seeds ranged from 66.67 to 68.00%. The results indicate that some isolates of Trichoderma spp as potential biological agents to suppress the development of shoot rot disease of vanilla caused by P. capsici.
Pengaruh Formula Fungisida Nabati Minyak Cengkeh dan Serai Wangi terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao Harni, Rita; Taufiq, Efi; Amaria, Widi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Penyakit utama busuk buah kakao disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora dapat menurunkan hasil 20%-30%. Pengendalian penyakitdengan fungisida nabati saat ini banyak dikembangkan, dengan tujuan mengurangi dampak negatif dari fungisida sintetik. Fungisidanabati yang digunakan adalah minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi karena mudah didapat dan bersifat fungisidal. Penelitian bertujuanmenganalisis pengaruh formula fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi terhadap perkembangan penyakit busuk buah kakao(BBK) yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun petani Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat,menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 7 perlakuan, 4 ulangan. Setiap perlakuan diamati 20 buah kakao berukuran 8-10 cm.Perlakuan yang diuji adalah 1) minyak cengkeh+serai wangi, 2) minyak cengkeh+asam salisilat, 3) minyak cengkeh+silikon, 4) seraiwangi+asam salisilat, 5) serai wangi+silikon, 6) fungisida sintetik sebagai pembanding, dan 7) kontrol. Larutan formula (5ml/liter)disemprotkan pada buah setiap 2 minggu sekali sampai buah masak atau dipanen. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan,intensitas serangan, kadar senyawa fenol, dan bobot biji kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula fungisida nabaticengkeh dan serai wangi yang diperkaya dengan asam salisilat dan silikon dapat menekan intensitas serangan penyakit busuk buahkakao sebesar 20,48%-65,62%, tidak berbeda nyata dengan fungisida sintetik (73,15%). Besarnya tingkat penekanan penyakit sejalandengan kandungan senyawa fenol pada kuit buah kakao. Semakin tinggi kadar fenol pada kulit buah, maka semakin tinggi penekananpenyakit busuk buah kakao. Penggunaan formula fungisida nabati dapat menekan kehilangan produksi kakao 23,94%-43,02%.Formula terbaik dan dapat dianjurkan untuk pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao adalah minyak cengkeh+serai wangi,cengkeh+asam salisilat, dan serai wangi+silikon.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Phytophthora palmivora, busuk buah kakao, fungisida nabatiBlack pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is a major disease on cacao crops, which can cause yield losses until 20%-30%. Diseasecontrol using botanical fungicide such as the use of clove and citronella oil, which have fungicidal effect, have been developed to reduce the negativeimpact of synthetic fungicide residues. The objectives of this study was to analyze the effect of clove and citronella oil as botanical fungicide formulaon the development of black pod disease and seed weight of cocoa in the field. The study was carried out at farmer’s fields in Mamuju District, WestSulawesi using a randomized block design with 4 replications and 7 treatment. In each treatment was observed 20 cacao pods with size 8-10 cm. Thetreatments were 1) clove + citronella oil, 2) clove oil + salicylic acid, 3) clove oil + silicone, 4) citronella + salicylic acid, 5) citronella + silicone,6) synthetic fungicides as a comparison treatment, and 7) control. The botanical formula was applied by spraying onto the entire surface of pod witha concentration of 5 ml/litre every 2 weeks. Observations were include the percentage of attacks, intensity of the attack, the levels of phenoliccompounds, and seed weight of cacao. The results showed that the formula of botanical fungicide containing clove and citronella oil enriched withsalicylic acid and silicon can suppress disease attack of black pod (20.48%-65.62%), which was not significantly different from synthetic fungicide(73.15%). The level of disease suppression in line with phenolic compounds of cocoa husk. In which, high phenolic contents can reduce black poddisease at a higher level . The use of botanical fungicides formula can suppress the yield loss until 23.94% to 43.02%. The best formulas that canbe recommended in suppressing intensity of black pod disease were clove oil + citronella, clove oil + salicylic acid, and citronella + silicon.
Co-Authors Dani Dani Enny Randriani Handi Supriadi Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono RITA HARNI Widi Amaria