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All Journal Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Widi Amaria
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH DAN COKELAT PADA JAMBU METE DAN STRATEGI PENGENDALIANNYA Harni, Rita; Amaria, Widi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

White and brown root rot fungus in cashew and the controling strategy. The development of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) has agreat opportunity, because the national contribution of cashew is still relatively small in world markets. Center prodcuction of the crop in of cashewin eastern Indonesia such as Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, NTB and NTT. In increasing productivity of cashew crop in Indonesia, there aresymptoms of white and brown roots diseases which can cause the death of cashew plant. White Root Rot Fungus (WRF) is caused by Rigidophoruslignosus and Rigidophorus microporus, whereas Brown Root Rot Fungus (BRF) is caused by Phellinus noxius. The symptoms of both diseases arerizomorf in roots and base of the stem, when they attack on the advanced stage, leaves become yellow, fall, dried, canopy only branches andsubsequent plant death. WRF and BRF can survive in soil for many years and is a source of infection for healthy cashew. Transmission of the diseasethrough contact with the roots of diseased plants and healthy plants. Control WRF and BRF recommended in an integrated manner, i.e. resistantvarieties, technical culture, biological agents, mechanical and chemical.
Potensi Bakteri Kitinolitik untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Lada ( Phytophthora capsici) Harni, Rita; Amaria, Widi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produktivitas lada adalah adanya serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang  yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici, akibat infeksi patogen ini dapat menurunkan hasil lada 10-15% setiap tahunnya. Penelitian potensi bakteri kitinolitik untuk mengendalikan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada telah dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Kelompok Peneliti Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri dari bulan Juni-November 2011. Bakteri kitinolitik yang digunakan merupakan isolat terbaik hasil seleksi bakteri kitinolitik di laboratorium. Isolat diisolasi dari beberapa tanaman yaitu lada, bintaro dan kelapa sawit. Isolat yang digunakan adalah: LP4, BP2, LB12, LB19, LB20, LB31, LL5, LL18, dan E10. Sebagai pembanding digunakan isolat bakteri kitinolitik TT2 yang sudah teruji keefektifannya. Penelitian terdiri dari 3  kegiatan yaitu (1) Analisis ekspresi kitinase, (2) Uji Antagonis bakteri kitinolitik terhadap P. capsici in vitro, dan (3) Pengujian isolat bakteri kitinolitik  terhadap P. capsici pada tanaman lada di rumah  kaca. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 4 isolat dengan aktivitas kitinase tinggi yaitu BP2, LB19, LL5, dan LL18, sedangkan 6 isolat lainnya mempunyai aktivitas kitinase rendah sampai sedang. Kemampuan antagonis ke-10 isolat bakteri kitinolitik terhadap P. capsici memperlihatkan daya antagonis yang sama yaitu 64,4-85,6%, tetapi pengaruhnya terhadap P. capsici di rumah kaca diperoleh 3 isolat  (E10, BP2, LP4) yang potensial menekan penyakit BPB lada dengan intensitas serangan 34,33-43,97%, sedangkan pada kontrol 73,37%. Beberapa isolat bakteri kitinase dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman lada di banding dengan kontrol. Potential of chytinolytic bacteria to control Phytophthora capsici (foot rot disease) on black pepperABSTRACTOne of many problems in increasing productivity of black pepper is foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. This pathogen infection may reduce 10-15% of yields each year. A study on potential chitinolytic bacteria to control foot rot disease of black pepper was carried out at Laboratory and Greenhouse of Plant Protection, Indonesian Research Institute for Spice and Industrial Crops, from June to November 2011. Chitinolytic bacterial isolates used is the best ones of some selected chitinolytic bacteria. The isolates were isolated from different plants, namely black pepper, bintaro and palm oil. In these experiments isolates used were LP4, BP2, LB12, LB19, LB20, LB31, LL5, LL18, and E10, while its control was chitinolytic bacterial isolate TT2, an isolate having high effectiveness. The study consist of three activities: (1) Analysis of chitinase expression, (2) Test antagonists of chitinolytic bacteria against P. capsici in vitro (3) Testing of chitinolytic bacteria isolates against P. capsici on black pepper in greenhouse. Results have identified 4 isolates (BP2, LB19, LL5, and LL18) having high in chitinase expression, whereas six other isolates have low to medium in chitinase expression. Antagonistic ability against P. capsici from all isolates (10 isolates) showed the same inhibitory ranging from 64.4 to 85.6%, but its effect against P. capsici at greenhouse was obtained 3 isolates (E10, BP2, LP4) which have suppressive potential to foot rot disease of black pepper with attacks intensity of 34.33 to 43.97% level, while that of control was 73.37%. The ten isolates also increased better growth of black pepper compared with the control.
PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH DAN COKELAT PADA JAMBU METE DAN STRATEGI PENGENDALIANNYA Harni, Rita; Amaria, Widi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

White and brown root rot fungus in cashew and the controling strategy. The development of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) has agreat opportunity, because the national contribution of cashew is still relatively small in world markets. Center prodcuction of the crop in of cashewin eastern Indonesia such as Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, NTB and NTT. In increasing productivity of cashew crop in Indonesia, there aresymptoms of white and brown roots diseases which can cause the death of cashew plant. White Root Rot Fungus (WRF) is caused by Rigidophoruslignosus and Rigidophorus microporus, whereas Brown Root Rot Fungus (BRF) is caused by Phellinus noxius. The symptoms of both diseases arerizomorf in roots and base of the stem, when they attack on the advanced stage, leaves become yellow, fall, dried, canopy only branches andsubsequent plant death. WRF and BRF can survive in soil for many years and is a source of infection for healthy cashew. Transmission of the diseasethrough contact with the roots of diseased plants and healthy plants. Control WRF and BRF recommended in an integrated manner, i.e. resistantvarieties, technical culture, biological agents, mechanical and chemical.
Keefektifan Beberapa Formula Fungisida Nabati Eugenol dan Sitronella terhadap Phytophthora palmivora Bult. Asal Kakao Harni, Rita; Amaria, Widi; Supriadi, Supriadi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Phytophthora palmivora merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman kakao di seluruh dunia. Akibat serangan patogen ini menyebabkan kerugian sebesar 25-50%. Pengendalian patogen ini masih mengandalkan fungisida sintetik yang dikhawatirkan berbahaya bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Fungisida nabati yang mengandung minyak atsiri, merupakan alternatif pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh formula eugenol, sitronella, asam salisilat dan silikon terhadap pertumbuhan P. palmivora. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar dari Maret sampai Agustus 2012. Minyak cengkeh (CK), serai wangi (SW), asam salisilat (AS) dan silikon cair (SI) digunakan sebagai bahan utama pembuatan formula. Formula yang diuji, yaitu (1) Eugenol, (2) Sitronella, (3) CK+SW, (4) SW+SI, (5) SW+AS, (6) CK+SI, dan (7) CK+AS. Percobaan dirancang secara acak lengkap dengan 5 ulangan. Pengujian formula terhadap pertumbuhan P. palmivora in vitro dilakukan dengan menginokulasikan potongan agar berisi kultur jamur pada permukaan PDA yang mengandung formula, sedangkan pengujian formula pada buah dan bibit kakao diuji di rumah kaca. Kadar fenol dan lignin dalam jaringan daun bibit kakao dianalisis untuk mengetahui mekanisme pertahanan tanaman terhadap infeksi patogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua formula yang diuji menghambat pertumbuhan dan biomassa P. palmivora pada kondisi in vitro, dan perkembangan gejala penyakit pada buah serta bibit kakao. Formula eugenol + asam salisilat mampu menghambat total pertumbuhan dan bioassay patogen pada media PDA, menekan perkembangan penyakit 65,2% pada buah dan 66,25% pada bibit, serta meningkatkan kadar senyawa fenol dan lignin dalam jaringan daun.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Phytophthora palmivora, eugenol, sitronella, fungisida nabatiPhytophthora palmivora is a major pathogen of cacao plants on the world. This pathogen caused 25-50% losses. The pathogen is commonly controlled with synthetic fungicide uses which may hazard for human and environment if used unwisely. Botanical fungicides containing essential oils offer more environmentally friendly control method. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of seven botanical fungicide formulas containing clove oil and citronella oil on P. palmivora. The study was conducted in the Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from March to August 2012. A randomized complete designed with five replicates was used. Seven formulas tested were: (1) eugenol (CK), (2) citronella (SW), (3) CK+SW, (4) SW+ silicone (SI), (5) SW+salycilic acid (AS), (6) CK+SI, dan (7) CK+AS. The effects of formulas on growth and biomass of P. palmivora in vitro were tested by culturing the pathogen on solid PDA medium whereas its effect on disease developments was tested by inoculating cacao pods on fruits and seedlings. In addition, the phenol and lignin contents in the inoculated seedlings were assessed to support disease inhibition mechanism. The results showed that all the formulas tested inhibited the growth and biomass of P. palmivora in vitro. The highest inhibition was shown by the formula of clove oil mixed with salicylic acid. Disease developments on inoculated cocoa pods and seedlings reduced of 66.25% and 65.2% respectively, and increased levels of lignin and phenol in the leaves.
Seleksi dan Identifikasi Jamur Antagonis Sebagai Agens Hayati Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus microporus pada Tanaman Karet Amaria, Widi; Taufiq, Efi; Harni, Rita
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman karet yang sulit pengendaliannya karenamempunyai struktur bertahan dalam tanah (klamidospora). Pengendalian hayati dengan jamur antagonis sangat potensial digunakanuntuk mengendalikan patogen tular tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri danPenyegar, mulai Februari sampai Juli 2012 dengan tujuan untuk menyeleksi dan mengidentifikasi jamur antagonis yang potensialmengendalikan patogen R. microporus pada tanaman karet. Penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu (1) pengambilan sampel padabeberapa perkebunan karet di daerah Lampung, Sumatera Selatan, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat dan (2) isolasi, seleksi, karakterisasimorfologi dan identifikasi di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar. Hasil isolasi jamurantagonis dari rizosfer dan akar tanaman karet diperoleh 209 isolat. Berdasarkan persentase daya hambat terseleksi 12 isolat antagonis,yaitu 8 isolat rizosfer (Trichoderma virens, 2 isolat Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolat Trichoderma amazonicum, Penicillium pinophilum,Paecilomyces lilacinus, dan Aspergillus fijiensis), dan 4 isolat endofit (Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum,dan Hypocrea atroviridis). Kedua belas isolat tersebut merupakan jamur antagonis potensial untuk mengendalikan penyakit JAP padakaret.Kata Kunci: Rigidoporus microporus, seleksi, identifikasi, jamur antagonisWhite root disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus is the main pathogen in rubber growing. The diseases is hard to be controlled because of itschlamydospore in soil. The use of antagonistic fungi is a potential approach being able to control the soil borne disease. A study was established atlaboratory of The Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from February to July 2012. The objective of the study was to selectand identify some antagonistic fungi which are able to control R. microporus in rubber. The steps of study conducted were (1) collecting of soilsamples (as sources of antagonistic fungi) taken from several rubber plantations in Lampung, South Sumatra, Central Java and West Java, and (2)isolation, selection, and identification of morphological characteristics of the isolates at the Plant Protection Laboratory of The Research Institute.Results obtained 209 isolates of antagonistic fungi from rhizosphere and endophyte in rubber. There are 12-selected antagonistic isolates consisting of8 rhizosphere and 4 endophytic isolates. The rhizosphere isolates are Trichoderma virens, 2 isolates of Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolates ofTrichoderma amazonicum, and one each of Penicillium pinophilum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Aspergillus fijiensis), whereas theendophytic isolates are Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum, and Hypocrea atroviridis of oneeach. The twelve isolates are antagonistic fungi in which the white root disease may be likely controlled.
Potensi Bakteri Kitinolitik untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Lada ( Phytophthora capsici) Harni, Rita; Amaria, Widi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produktivitas lada adalah adanya serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang  yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici, akibat infeksi patogen ini dapat menurunkan hasil lada 10-15% setiap tahunnya. Penelitian potensi bakteri kitinolitik untuk mengendalikan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada telah dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Kelompok Peneliti Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri dari bulan Juni-November 2011. Bakteri kitinolitik yang digunakan merupakan isolat terbaik hasil seleksi bakteri kitinolitik di laboratorium. Isolat diisolasi dari beberapa tanaman yaitu lada, bintaro dan kelapa sawit. Isolat yang digunakan adalah: LP4, BP2, LB12, LB19, LB20, LB31, LL5, LL18, dan E10. Sebagai pembanding digunakan isolat bakteri kitinolitik TT2 yang sudah teruji keefektifannya. Penelitian terdiri dari 3  kegiatan yaitu (1) Analisis ekspresi kitinase, (2) Uji Antagonis bakteri kitinolitik terhadap P. capsici in vitro, dan (3) Pengujian isolat bakteri kitinolitik  terhadap P. capsici pada tanaman lada di rumah  kaca. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 4 isolat dengan aktivitas kitinase tinggi yaitu BP2, LB19, LL5, dan LL18, sedangkan 6 isolat lainnya mempunyai aktivitas kitinase rendah sampai sedang. Kemampuan antagonis ke-10 isolat bakteri kitinolitik terhadap P. capsici memperlihatkan daya antagonis yang sama yaitu 64,4-85,6%, tetapi pengaruhnya terhadap P. capsici di rumah kaca diperoleh 3 isolat  (E10, BP2, LP4) yang potensial menekan penyakit BPB lada dengan intensitas serangan 34,33-43,97%, sedangkan pada kontrol 73,37%. Beberapa isolat bakteri kitinase dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman lada di banding dengan kontrol. Potential of chytinolytic bacteria to control Phytophthora capsici (foot rot disease) on black pepperABSTRACTOne of many problems in increasing productivity of black pepper is foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. This pathogen infection may reduce 10-15% of yields each year. A study on potential chitinolytic bacteria to control foot rot disease of black pepper was carried out at Laboratory and Greenhouse of Plant Protection, Indonesian Research Institute for Spice and Industrial Crops, from June to November 2011. Chitinolytic bacterial isolates used is the best ones of some selected chitinolytic bacteria. The isolates were isolated from different plants, namely black pepper, bintaro and palm oil. In these experiments isolates used were LP4, BP2, LB12, LB19, LB20, LB31, LL5, LL18, and E10, while its control was chitinolytic bacterial isolate TT2, an isolate having high effectiveness. The study consist of three activities: (1) Analysis of chitinase expression, (2) Test antagonists of chitinolytic bacteria against P. capsici in vitro (3) Testing of chitinolytic bacteria isolates against P. capsici on black pepper in greenhouse. Results have identified 4 isolates (BP2, LB19, LL5, and LL18) having high in chitinase expression, whereas six other isolates have low to medium in chitinase expression. Antagonistic ability against P. capsici from all isolates (10 isolates) showed the same inhibitory ranging from 64.4 to 85.6%, but its effect against P. capsici at greenhouse was obtained 3 isolates (E10, BP2, LP4) which have suppressive potential to foot rot disease of black pepper with attacks intensity of 34.33 to 43.97% level, while that of control was 73.37%. The ten isolates also increased better growth of black pepper compared with the control.
Pengaruh Formula Fungisida Nabati Minyak Cengkeh dan Serai Wangi terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao Harni, Rita; Taufiq, Efi; Amaria, Widi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Penyakit utama busuk buah kakao disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora dapat menurunkan hasil 20%-30%. Pengendalian penyakitdengan fungisida nabati saat ini banyak dikembangkan, dengan tujuan mengurangi dampak negatif dari fungisida sintetik. Fungisidanabati yang digunakan adalah minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi karena mudah didapat dan bersifat fungisidal. Penelitian bertujuanmenganalisis pengaruh formula fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi terhadap perkembangan penyakit busuk buah kakao(BBK) yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun petani Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat,menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 7 perlakuan, 4 ulangan. Setiap perlakuan diamati 20 buah kakao berukuran 8-10 cm.Perlakuan yang diuji adalah 1) minyak cengkeh+serai wangi, 2) minyak cengkeh+asam salisilat, 3) minyak cengkeh+silikon, 4) seraiwangi+asam salisilat, 5) serai wangi+silikon, 6) fungisida sintetik sebagai pembanding, dan 7) kontrol. Larutan formula (5ml/liter)disemprotkan pada buah setiap 2 minggu sekali sampai buah masak atau dipanen. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan,intensitas serangan, kadar senyawa fenol, dan bobot biji kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula fungisida nabaticengkeh dan serai wangi yang diperkaya dengan asam salisilat dan silikon dapat menekan intensitas serangan penyakit busuk buahkakao sebesar 20,48%-65,62%, tidak berbeda nyata dengan fungisida sintetik (73,15%). Besarnya tingkat penekanan penyakit sejalandengan kandungan senyawa fenol pada kuit buah kakao. Semakin tinggi kadar fenol pada kulit buah, maka semakin tinggi penekananpenyakit busuk buah kakao. Penggunaan formula fungisida nabati dapat menekan kehilangan produksi kakao 23,94%-43,02%.Formula terbaik dan dapat dianjurkan untuk pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao adalah minyak cengkeh+serai wangi,cengkeh+asam salisilat, dan serai wangi+silikon.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Phytophthora palmivora, busuk buah kakao, fungisida nabatiBlack pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is a major disease on cacao crops, which can cause yield losses until 20%-30%. Diseasecontrol using botanical fungicide such as the use of clove and citronella oil, which have fungicidal effect, have been developed to reduce the negativeimpact of synthetic fungicide residues. The objectives of this study was to analyze the effect of clove and citronella oil as botanical fungicide formulaon the development of black pod disease and seed weight of cocoa in the field. The study was carried out at farmer’s fields in Mamuju District, WestSulawesi using a randomized block design with 4 replications and 7 treatment. In each treatment was observed 20 cacao pods with size 8-10 cm. Thetreatments were 1) clove + citronella oil, 2) clove oil + salicylic acid, 3) clove oil + silicone, 4) citronella + salicylic acid, 5) citronella + silicone,6) synthetic fungicides as a comparison treatment, and 7) control. The botanical formula was applied by spraying onto the entire surface of pod witha concentration of 5 ml/litre every 2 weeks. Observations were include the percentage of attacks, intensity of the attack, the levels of phenoliccompounds, and seed weight of cacao. The results showed that the formula of botanical fungicide containing clove and citronella oil enriched withsalicylic acid and silicon can suppress disease attack of black pod (20.48%-65.62%), which was not significantly different from synthetic fungicide(73.15%). The level of disease suppression in line with phenolic compounds of cocoa husk. In which, high phenolic contents can reduce black poddisease at a higher level . The use of botanical fungicides formula can suppress the yield loss until 23.94% to 43.02%. The best formulas that canbe recommended in suppressing intensity of black pod disease were clove oil + citronella, clove oil + salicylic acid, and citronella + silicon.
Pengaruh Waktu Aplikasi dan Jenis Trichoderma terhadap Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih pada Bibit Tanaman Karet Amaria, Widi; Wardiana, Edi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Pemanfaatan agens hayati berupa jamur antagonis Trichoderma mempunyai peluang dalam mencegah maupun menekan serangan jamur akar putih (JAP) pada bibit tanaman karet. Oleh karena itu, Trichoderma dapat diaplikasikan sebelum maupun setelah infeksi patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui waktu aplikasi dan jenis Trichoderma yang efektif dalam mengendalikan penyakit JAP pada bibit karet. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) Sukabumi, mulai bulan Mei sampai November 2013. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan acak kelompok faktorial dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dua waktu aplikasi Trichoderma (sebelum dan setelah infeksi patogen), faktor kedua adalah empat jenis Trichoderma (Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma amazonicum, dan Trichoderma atroviride). Di samping itu, digunakan petak kontrol (tanpa Trichoderma) untuk melihat efektif-tidaknya penggunaan Trichoderma. Bibit karet menggunakan klon AVROS 2037 hasil okulasi umur 3 bulan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi gejala penyakit JAP, masa inkubasi patogen, dan intensitas serangan JAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pembibitan karet penggunaan agen hayati Trichoderma lebih efektif bila diaplikasikan sebelum ada infeksi patogen karena dapat memperpanjang masa inkubasi patogen dan menekan serangan JAP masing-masing 60,49 hari dan 78,36% dibandingkan kontrol, serta 51,62 hari dan 71,14% bila dibandingkan aplikasi setelah ada infeksi. Trichoderma yang diaplikasikan setelah infeksi patogen hanya efektif menekan serangan JAP sebesar 25% dibandingkan kontrol. T. virens dan T. amazonicum paling efektif bila diaplikasikan sebelum infeksi patogen, sedangkan apabila tanaman telah terinfeksi patogen maka dianjurkan menggunakan T. virens, T. amazonicum, atau T. atroviride.Kata kunci: Karet, jamur akar putih, Trichoderma, intensitas serangan, masa inkubasi patogenThe utilization of biological agents such as fungal antagonist of Trichoderma has the opportunity to prevent and suppress the attacks of white root diseases (JAP) in rubber seedlings. Therefore, Trichoderma can be applied before or after pathogen infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the application time and Trichoderma types which effective in controlling white root fungi in rubber seedlings. The research was carried out in the Screen house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from May to November 2013. The randomized complete block design in factorial two factors and three replications was used in this study. The first factor: two times of Trichoderma application (one week before and after pathogen infections), whereas the second factor: four types of Trichoderma (Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma amazonicum, and Trichoderma atroviride). In addition, the control plot (without Trichoderma application) was also used to investigate the effectiveness of Trichoderma application. Rubber seedling used in this study was 3 months old AVROS 2037 clone that obtained from grafting. The variable observed were symptom of JAP diseases, pathogen incubations period, and attacks intensity of JAP. The results showed that the use of Trichoderma biological agents in rubber seedling more effective when applied before pathogen infection, because it can prolong the incubations period and suppress pathogenic attack of JAP at about 60.49 days and 78.36%, respectively compared to the controls, and 51.62 days and 71.14% compared to the application after pathogen infections. The application of Trichoderma after pathogen infections only effective to suppress JAP attacks at about 25% compared to the control. T. virens and T. amazonicum most effective when applied before pathogen infection, whereas if the plant has been infected with a pathogen, it is recommended to use T. virens, T. amazonicum, or T. atroviride.
Hemolysis and hypersensitive tests ease culture collection management of antagonistic bacteria Amaria, Widi; Meity Suradji Sinaga; Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin; Supriadi; Widodo
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 23 No. 2 (2023): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLAN
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.22324-30

Abstract

A biosafety assessment is a crucial first step in the management of microbial culture collection to screen and determine unexpected potential plant and human pathogenic bacteria. It is common to collect and store as many fresh culture collections from natural resources before being further evaluated for antagonist bacteria. As a result, a bulk of isolates must be preserved which required more effort and budget. Safety evaluations based on the hemolysis and hypersensitive reactions offer simple tests to ease culture collection management of antagonist bacteria. The study aimed to evaluate the safety of bacterial culture collection for their hemolysis and hypersensitive reactions. Ninety-five isolates of rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial isolates from the culture collections of the Department of Plant Protection-IPB University, Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute, and Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, were evaluated their safety using the hemolysis and hypersensitive tests. The hemolysis test was conducted using blood agar media, from which isolates with a negative (?) reaction were then tested for the hypersensitivity reaction on tobacco leaves. Bacterial isolates passed from both hemolysis and hypersensitivity tests were then preserved by the lyophilization method for long-term storage of culture collection. Based on the hemolysis test, 68 out of 95 bacterial isolates (71.57%) were found to be positive (? or ?) reactions. The hypersensitive test showed that 22 of 27 negative hemolysis isolates did not trigger hypersensitivity reactions in tobacco leaves, therefore, they were preserved by lyophilization. The study indicated that a high number of bacterial isolates in the present collection, 68 positive hemolysis, and 5 hypersensitive, need to be re-evaluated due to their safety concerns. The present study highlights the importance of biosafety tests performed in an early stage before the to permanent collection of antagonist isolates.
Molecular identification and characterization of Maconellicoccus multipori (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Piper nigrum L. Mardiningsih, Tri Lestari; Sartiami, Dewi; Miftakhurohmah, Miftakhurohmah; Djiwanti, Setyowati Retno; Rohimatun, Rohimatun; Hardiyanti, Siti; Heryanto, Rubi; Amaria, Widi; Suwarti, Suwarti
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLAN
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.225201-207

Abstract

The mealybug Maconellicoccus multipori (Takahashi) was identified on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) seedlings in a greenhouse in Bogor, West Java, using both molecular and morphological characterization. Two mealybug isolates were successfully amplified with primer pairs targeting the LCO region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, yielding a 491 bp PCR product. The nucleotide sequences of both isolates (GenBank accession numbers LC666906 and LC666907) were identical. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bogor isolates clustered closely with M. multipori populations from China and Thailand, with high sequence homology of 99.30% and 99.10%, respectively. Morphological observations of the adult female specimens further confirmed their identity as M. multipori, based on key diagnostic features including body size, antennal segmentation, cerarii pattern, and distribution of pores and ducts, which correspond to descriptions in established taxonomic keys. This study provides the first molecular characterization of M. multipori in Indonesia. The COI sequence data obtained enhances reference databases for DNA barcoding and strengthens early detection strategies for pest monitoring. These findings are crucial for supporting quarantine inspections, management, and control of M. multipori in black pepper nurseries and preventing its spread to other crops.
Co-Authors DEWI SARTIAMI Edi Wardiana Efi Taufiq Heryanto, Rubi Kikin H Mutaqin MEITY SURADJI SINAGA MIFTAKHUROHMAH MIFTAKHUROHMAH, MIFTAKHUROHMAH RITA HARNI Rohimatun Rohimatun, Rohimatun Salsabila, Unik Hanifah SETYOWATI RETNO DJIWANTI, SETYOWATI RETNO Siti Hardiyanti Supriadi Suwarti Suwarti Tri Lestari Mardiningsih, Tri Lestari Widodo