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All Journal Rekayasa Mesin Konversi Communications in Science and Technology Jurnal Ilmiah Berkala: Sains dan Terapan Kimia Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Doni Rahmat Wicakso
Unknown Affiliation
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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PENGAMBILAN PEKTIN DARI ALBEDO SEMANGKA DENGAN PROSES EKSTRAKSI ASAM Maulani, Melisa Triandini; Aslamiah, Aslamiah; Wicakso, Doni Rahmat
Konversi Vol 3, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v3i1.131

Abstract

Abstrak- Semangka adalah tanaman yang tahan terhadap iklim kering sehingga dapat tumbuh di daerah tropis dan setengah gurun. Albedo semangka merupakan sumber pektin yang potensial karena di dalamnya terkandung senyawa pektin. Untuk menguraikan pektin dalam albedo semangka dapat dilakukan dengan proses ekstraksi asam karena kemungkinan terjadi kerusakan pektin lebih sedikit, sedangkan untuk mengendapkan pektin digunakan alkohol. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi pektin dengan bahan dasar albedo semangka yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh variasi temperatur ekstraksi serta jenis pelarut terhadap kadar pektin yang dihasilkan albedo semangka dan mengetahui variasi temperatur ekstraksi serta jenis pelarut yang maksimum untuk menghasilkan pektin. Penelitian dilakukan dengan waktu ekstraksi 90 menit dan temperatur ekstraksi 60, 70, dan 80 °C serta pelarut HCl dan CH3COOH dengan pH 2,6 sebanyak 500 mL. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kondisi maksimum pengambilan pektin adalah dengan menggunakan pelarut HCl pada temperatur ekstraksi 80 °C dan kadar pektin yang dihasilkan sebesar 11,2635%. Pelarut HCl yang merupakan asam kuat lebih mudah melepaskan ikatan protopektin menjadi pektin sehingga kadar pektin yang dihasilkan memiliki kadar yang tinggi. Semakin tinggi temperatur operasi, kadar pektin yang didapatkan juga semakin besar sampai batas temperatur 80 °C. Hal ini menyebabkan gerakan molekul asam yang semakin cepat, sehingga kontak antara zat terlarut dalam sampel dengan pelarut semakin aktif dan diperoleh pektin yang lebih banyak. Kata kunci: semangka, pektin, ekstraksi. Abstract- Watermelon is a plant that is resistant to dry climate so it can be grown in tropical and semi-desert. Watermelon albedo is a potential source of pectin because it contains pectin compounds. To decompose the pectin in the watermelon albedo can be done by acid extraction process because it will lesser the possibility of damage pectin, whereas alcohol is use to precipitate pectin. In this research watermelon albedo as basic ingredients would be extracted to produce pectin to identified the differences in the influence of temperature variation and the type of solvent extraction of the pectin content of the albedo watermelon and determined variations in maximum temperature and type of solvent extraction to produce pectin. The study was conducted with a 90-minute extraction time and extraction temperature 60, 70, and 80 °C and 500 mL the solvent HCl and CH3COOH with 2.6 pH. The results were obtained taking the maximum conditions of pectin using solvent extraction HCl at a temperature of 80 °C and obtained pectin levels of 11.2635%. Solvent which is a strong acid HCl is easier to untie protopektin pectin so pectin levels has generated a high level. The higher the operating temperature, the bigger pectin levels that are obtained until the temperature limit of 80 °C. This caused by the movement of the H+ ions more reactive, the more contact between the substances dissolved in the sample with solvent and obtained more pectin. Keywords: watermelon, pectin, extraction
CRUDE BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM RUBBER SEED OIL Wicakso, Doni Rahmat; Najma, Anniy Nurin; Retnowati, Diah Ayu
Konversi Vol 7, No 1 (2018): ARTICLE IN PRESS
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v7i1.4872

Abstract

Abstract-Biodiesel is a diesel engine fuel made from oil containing triglycerides as well as rubber seed oil. This research  aims to study how the extraction process of rubber seed oil, to know the effect of crude biodiesel manufacturing process by transesterification and esterification-transesterification and the addition of different catalysts on the transesterification process of crude biodiesel produced. Esterification process use H2SO4 catalyst and transesterification process use KOH and NaOH catalyst. The process of making crude biodiesel done by transesterification and can also by the merging of esterification-transesterification process. Based on this research, yield of crude biodiesel produced by transesterfication and esterification-transesterification by using NaOH catalyst is 38% and 75,6%, while yielded by KOH catalyst is 22,5% and 80%. While the acid number obtained from the transesterification process and esterification-transesterification using KOH catalyst is the same that is 1.33 and for the NaOH catalyst is 1,83 and 1,68. Saponification number obtained from both processes using KOH catalysts were 24,68 and 26,37 and for NaOH catalysts were 18,51 and 20,20.  Keywords: Rubber seed oil, crude biodiesel, acid number, saponification number. 
UPAYA PENURUNAN KADAR MERKURI DALAM MEDIA AIR MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE (MBT)–LEMPUNG AKTIF Wicakso, Doni Rahmat; Mirwan, Agus; Abdullah, Abdullah
Konversi Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Oktober 2012
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v1i1.68

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat adsorben 2-Mercapto-benzothiazole (MBT) – Lempung Aktif yang akan digunakan dalam upaya menurunkan kadar merkuri dalam media air. Penelitian dimulai dengan melakukan proses demetalisasi pada lempung (bentonit) yang dilakukan dengan merendam bentonit dalam larutan HCl, larutan NH4NO3 dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemanasan pada dua temperatur yang berbeda (120 oC dan 400 oC). Langkah berikutnya adalah proses pilarisasi yang dilakukan dengan merendam bentonit hasil demetalisasi selama 18 jam dalam larutan AlCl3 yang sebelumnya telah ditambah dengan NaOH 0,1 M. Pada tahap akhir proses pilarisasi, bentonit dipanaskan pada temperatur 120 oC dan 400 oC. Bentonit hasil pilarisasi kemudian diuji kemampuan adsorpsinya dengan larutan metilen blue. Hasil pengujian dengan metilen blue tersebut diambil sebagai dasar untuk menentukan tahap selanjutnya, yaitu proses impregnasi mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) pada berbagai konsentrasi (6%, 8%, dan 10%). Adsorben hasil impregnasi selanjutnya digunakan dalam proses adsorpsi larutan Hg pada berbagai konsentrasi (0,1 – 0,5 ppm) guna mengetahui kemampuannya sebagai adsorben. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan temperatur pemanasan pada lempung (bentonit) berpengaruh terhadap daya serapnya terhadap metilen blue. Perlakuan pada bentonit (demetalisasi, pilarisasi pada dua temperatur yang berbeda) berpengaruh pada pola difraksi sinar-X nya.  Kapasitas adsorpsi dari MBT-lempung aktif yang diamati melalui penelitian ini belum berhasil ditentukan, sehingga perlu upaya lanjutan untuk mengetahuinya. Kata kunci : mercury, MBT, activated clay, bentoniteAbstract-The objective of thus research was to make adsorbent 2-Mercapto-benzothiazole (MBT) – active clay used to reduce mercury content in water medium. Firstly, this research was run by soakingin a solution ofHClbentonite, NH4NO3solutionandthen followed byheating attwodifferent temperatures(120° Cand 400° C). The next step was pillarization process by soakingthe bentonitefor 18hoursin solution ofAlCl3that have previously beenaddedwith 0.1 M NaOHAtthe final stage ofthe pillarization process, bentonitewas heatedat a temperature of120 oCand 400oC. After that, the bentonite was analyzed ability of adsorption by metilen blue solution. The test resultswith methylenebluewas takenas a basisfor determiningthe next stage, which wasthe process ofimpregnation MBT at various concentrations(6%, 8%, and 10%). The adsorbentof impregnationwas usedto adsorb Hgat various concentrations(0.1 to 0.5 ppm) for determininghis ability asadsorbent. The results showedthat thedifference inthe heating temperatureonclay(bentonite) affect theabsorbanceof themethyleneblue. Treatment ofbentonite(metal reduction, pillarizationon twodifferent temperatures) effected onX-ray diffractionpattern. MBT-adsorption capacityof theactivatedclaysobservedthroughthis studyhas not beensuccessfullydetermined,so we needfurthereffortsto find out. Keywords:mercury, MBT, activated clay, bentonite 
HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS SAMPAH BUAH-BUAHAN MENJADI GLUKOSA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL Hidayati, Rima Nurul; Qudsi, Parsiah; Wicakso, Doni Rahmat
Konversi Vol 5, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i1.4773

Abstract

Abstrak- Sampah buah-buahan merupakan bahan baku yang sangat berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol karena mengandung gula dan pati. Ada tiga tahap dalam proses pembuatan bioetanol yaitu hidrolisis, fermentasi, dan pemurnian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses hidrolisis enzimatis dari sampah buah dalam rangka produksi bioetanol, mempelajari pengaruh suhu pada kinerja enzim alpha amilase terhadap kadar gula yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis enzimatis, dan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan enzim gluko amilase terhadap kadar gula yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis enzimatis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap. Pertama, analisis bahan baku yaitu menghitung kadar airnya dengan memanaskan sampel menngunakan oven pada suhu 100°C selama 1 jam berulang-ulang sampai beratnya konstan kemudian menganalisis kadar pati yang terkandung dalam sampah buah-buahan dengan metode Luff Schoorl. Kedua, menghidrolisis 60 g sampah buah dan 1 mL enzim alpha amilase dalam 400 mL air selama 1 jam selanjutnya proses sacharifikasi pada suhu 55°C selama ½ jam. Ketiga, menganalisis kadar gula hasil hidrolisis dengan cara menitrasi terhadap fehling A dan B yang sudah distandarisasi sebelumnya sampai terbentuk endapan merah bata. Proses hidrolisis enzimatis pada sampah buah-buahan dilakukan dengan dua langkah yaitu proses gelatinasi dan proses sakarifikasi. Pada proses gelatinasi, enzim alpha amilase bekerja maksimal pada suhu 95°C. Hidrolisis enzimatis dari 60 g sampah buah-buahan, 400 mL aquadest, 1 mL alpha amilase pada suhu 95°C menghasilkan konsentrasi gula optimum dengan penambahan 6 mL gluko amilase pada suhu 55°C. Kata kunci: alpha amilase, gluko amilase, proses sakarifikasi. Abstract- Fruits garbage is very potential raw material to produce bioethanol because containing sugar and starch. There is three step in bioethanol making process,  first hydrolysis, then fermentation and the last purification. The research objective was to learn enzymatic hydrolysis process from fruits garbage in order to bioethanol production, learning the temperature influence to alpha amylase enzyme performance toward sugar rate yielded from enzymatic hydrolysis and learning influence gluco amylase enzyme addition toward sugar rate yielded from enzymatic hydrolysis. The research was run with some step. First, analysis the raw material that was calculating its water contents by heating the sample used oven at temperature 100oC during 1 hour, then repeating until weight constant, then analysing the strach rate which contain in fruits garbage by luff schoorl method. Second, hydrolysing 60 g of fruits garbage and 1 mL of alpha amylase enzyme in 400 mL aquadest during 1 hour, then sacharification process at temperatur 55oC during ½ hour. Third analysing sugar rate from hydrolysis yielded with titration method toward fehling A and B which has been standaritation, till formed a sorrel sediment. Enzymatic hydrolysis process from fruits garbage was run with two step, there is gelatination process and sacarification process.  In gelatination process, alpha amylase enzyme is work maximal at temperature 95oC. Enzymatic hydrolysis from 60 g of fruits garbage, 400 mL of aquadest, 1 mL of alpha amylase at temperature 95oC yielding optimum sugar rate by addition 6 mL of gluco amylase at temperature 55oC.  Keywords: alpha amylase, gluco amylase, sacharification process
ADSORPSI LOGAM BESI (Fe) SUNGAI BARITO MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN DARI BATANG PISANG Hidayah, Nur; Deviyani, Erlinda; Wicakso, Doni Rahmat
Konversi Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Oktober 2012
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v1i1.83

Abstract

Abstrak- Berdasarkan laporan BLHD Kalimantan Selatan tahun 2009 kandungan Fe Sungai Barito mencapai 2,5455 mg/L. Kadar ini melampaui aturan KEPMENKES tahun 2002 yang hanya membolehkan kandungan Fe dalam air sebesar 0,3 mg/L.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kemampuan batang pisang menurunkan kadar Fe dalam sampel air Sungai Barito serta mengetahui kondisi terbaik adsorben berdasarkan variasi proses aktivasi, aktivator, ukuran diameter adsorben, kecepatan pengadukan dan lama kontak adsorpsi dalam menurunkan kadar Fe sungai Barito sehingga  didapatkan air Sungai Barito yang memenuhi standart air minum ataupun air bersih berdasarkan KEPMENKES tahun 2002.Penelitian ini didasarkan pada  proses awal adsorpsi yang diakhiri dengan proses filtrasi. Batang pisang yang telah dibersihkan dipotong kecil untuk memudahkan penguapan kandungan air pada saat dipanaskan di bawah panas matahari kemudian dihaluskan dengan blender.Untuk mendapatkan ukuran diameter batang pisang 20, 30 dan 40 mesh, batang pisang diayak dengan menggunakan sieve track. Batang pisang selanjutnya diaktivasi secara kimia dengan menggunakan larutan KMnO4 ­0,1 M dan ZnCl2 0,1 M selama 24 jam. Sedangkan pada proses aktivasi fisika, batang pisang dipirolisis selama 30 menit dengan suhu 500oC. Karbon aktif yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk proses adsorpsi dengan beberapa variasi kondisi yang hasilnya akan diuji dengan menggunakan alat spectofotometry.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa batang pisang dapat menurunkan kandungan Fe dalam air Sungai Barito. Kondisi terbaik penurunan kandungan  Fe berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan pada batang pisang ukuran 40 mesh yang diaktivasi secara fisika-kimia dengan menggunakan aktivator KMnO4 dengan kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm dan lama waktu kontak 1 jam.Keywords: adsorpsi, batang pisang, Fe, sungai baritoAbstract- Grounded on BLHD’s report of South Borneo on 2009, Fe contents in Barito river achieve 2,5455 mg/L. This level pass by KEPMENKES on 2002 which only permit Fe contents in water as many 0,3 mg/L. The goals of this research are to study ability of banana stem to decrease Fe contents in water sample of Barito river. Knowing the best adsorbent condition to decrease Fe contents in Barito river based on variations of activation process, kind of activator,  adsorbent diameter size, stirring of velocity and adsorption duration as well as to find water of Barito river which appropriate with clean or drink water standart based on KEPMENKES on 2002.This research started with adsorption process and finishing with filtration process. Banana stem is washed until clean and then cut to small slice to abridge vaporization of water contents when is hoted under the sun. The dried banana stem be broken with blender. Banana stem is screned to find diameter size as big as 20, 30 and 40 mesh. Then, banana stem is activated using KMnO4 ­0,1 M dan ZnCl2 0,1 M solution during 24 hours. Whereas in physics activation, banana stem is pyrolysed during 30 minute at 500oC. Activated carbon is used to adsorption with some variation. The result will test use spectofotometry.Result of this research indicate that banana stem can decrease Fe content in water of Barito river. Activated carbon with size 40 mesh which use physic-chemical activation with  KMnO40,1 M solution as well as 150 rpm strring velocity and ahour adsorption duration give the best result. Keywords: adsorption, banana stem, Fe, Barito river
ADSORPTION OF TOFU WASTE USING WATER HYACINTH LEAVES POWDER FOR DECREASING BOD AND COD Wicakso, Doni Rahmat; Koswartin, Tutang Kania; Hardianto, Wahyu
Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4753

Abstract

Abstract- Water hyacinth leaves can be utilized in the process of adsorbing organic substances. This study aims to determine the decrease of COD and BOD maximum levels, the optimum mass of water hyacinth leaves powder that used and the optimum adsorption time. This research was done by adsorbing the tofu waste using adsorbent from water hyacinth leaves powder. Adsorption process used the adsorbent mass variation of 2.8; 3.2; 3,4 and 4 gram, and variation of adsorption time is 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results of adsorption process are then centrifuged, the residue and filtrate will be separated. Then calculated the value of BOD and COD from the filtrate. The decreasing in COD levels in the variation of mass obtained 0; 13.63%; 27.27%; 27.27% and 40.91%, while the decreasing in BOD content was 0; 33.33%; 46.67%; 55.56%; and 73,33%, indicating that the more adsorbent in the tofu waste will decrease the value of BOD and COD while the decreasing of the level will be bigger. The optimum mass analysis results obtained 4 grams on the decrease of BOD and COD. The optimum time of adsorption at COD was 30 minutes while there’s no equilibrium in BOD.  Keywords: biomass, water hyacinth leaves, tofu waste. 
SINTESIS CETANE IMROVER DARI BIODIESEL MINYAK JARAK PAGAR DAN PENGUJIANNYA PADA MESIN DIESEL Abdullah Abdullah; Ahmad Budi Junaidi; Abdul Ghofur; Doni Rahmat Wicakso
Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia Vol 6, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (479.951 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jstk.v6i1.2105

Abstract

Telah dilakukan sintesis cetane improver berbahan baku biodiesel yang berasal dari minyak Jarak pagar. Sintesis dilakukan dengan cara nitrasi biodiesel menggunakan campuran pereaksi asam nitrat dan asam sulfat. Proses nitrasi dilakukan selama 4 jam pada temperatur 10-20 oC. Produk hasil nitrasi dikarakterisasi gugus fungsi, flash point dan angka setana. Selanjutnya aditif hasil nitrasi juga dikarakterisasi menggunakan mesin diesel satu silinder untuk menentukan efisiensi termal, BSFC (Brake Spesific Fuel Consumtion), dan nilai smoke. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan FTIR diketahui bahwa produk hasil nitrasi mengandung gugus nitro dan nitrat. Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada mesin diesel secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada putaran 1200 rpm unjuk kerja mesin (efisiensi termal, BSFC, dan nilai smoke) dari formulasi S0,25% s/d S1,25% tidak lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Solar. Hal ini terjadi pada hampir semua variasi waktu injeksi. Sedangkan pada kecepatan putaran 2200 rpm unjuk kerja formulasi S0,25% s/d S1,25% relatif lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan solar saja, terutama pada penggunaan aditif dengan konsentrasi sebesar 0,50% (v/v). Penambahan aditif sebanyak 0,10 % dan 0,50% (v/v) tidak merubah nilai flash point, sementara pada nilai angka setana terjadi peningkatan dari 46,3 menjadi 47,1 dan 48,5. Melalui uji aditif secara road test dapat diketahui bahwa penambahan aditif pada bahan bakar solar mampu memberikan penghematan pada penggunaan minyak Solar sebesar 10,4%. Kata kunci : cetane improver, minyak jarak pagar, aditif, minyak diesel 
OBSERVASI PENURUNAN TEKANAN (PRESSURE DROP) PADA SISTEM PERPIPAAN: PENGARUH PANJANG DAN DIAMETER PIPA, ELBOW, DAN TEE Nuryoto, Nuryoto; Rahmayetty, Rahmayetty; Yusuf Rumbino; Astrilia Damayanti; Doni Rahmat Wicakso
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 15 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i2.1666

Abstract

The piping system is a fundamental process equipment in the industry. The phenomena that occur in piping systems vary depending on the conditions of the pipes and the fluids flowing through them. Therefore, research related to piping systems requires attention to minimize and understand the occurring phenomena. There have been many studies related to piping analysis, but what sets this research apart from previous studies is that it focuses on examining the contribution of each component of the piping system to friction loss-pressure drop. Furthermore, the data obtained is used to determine the deviation or difference between experimental data and theoretical calculations. This research aims to study the correlation between friction loss and pressure drop in piping systems (including pipes, elbows, and tees) and to determine the extent of deviation between theoretical calculations and actual conditions, as well as to understand the trend of such deviations. Results show that as the length of the pipe increases, there is an increase in pressure drop, especially for pipe lengths of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.4 meters, the values are 275.26, 367.0, and 642.27 Pa over density, respectively. Conversely, as the pipe diameter increases, the resulting pressure drop becomes smaller, namely for pipe diameters of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25 inches, the values are 266.64, 93.33, and 13.33 Pa over density, respectively. In the observation of the influence of fittings, it is shown that the pressure drop generated by elbows is greater than that of tees, with values of 26.66 and 13.33 Pa over density, respectively. When calculating the percentage deviation, there is a tendency for longer pipes and larger diameters will increase the percentage of deviation. For pipe lengths of 0.4, 0.6, and 1.4 meters, the percentage deviations are 3.23, 10.11, and 17.50%, respectively. For variations in pipe diameter, the percentage deviations are 3.23, 41.74, and 47.15% for diameters of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25 inches, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage deviation for tees is greater than that of elbows, with values of 84.78% (for elbows) and 185.02% (for tees).
Characterization of corn starch edible films by the addition of chitosan as a vegetable oil packaging material Wicakso, Doni Rahmat; Fortuna, Dwi; Hernadin, Ivan Aldino; Nuryoto, Nuryoto; Rumbino, Yusuf; Damayanti, Astrilia
Konversi Vol 12, No 2 (2023): OKTOBER 2023
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v12i2.15959

Abstract

Abstract - Vegetable oil packaging materials use a type of synthetic polymer that is harmful to the body and the environment. Edible film as an environmentally friendly packaging material can be a solution for vegetable oil packaging material. Edible films are made from natural ingredients such as starch and chitosan. The objective of this study is to determine the best conditions of addition of chitosan in making edible film in terms of its physio-chemicals and determine the best glycerol concentration in terms of its physical properties. The composition of raw materials in the form of corn starch is 5 grams and the composition of chitosan is (0,5%, 1% and 1,5% b/v). Glycerol concentrations vary in (4%, 5% and 6% v/v). the result of the analysis of the physical properties of the edible film through the analysis of the physical tensile strength test, namely the best composition on the addition of 1 gr chitosan as well as the elongation analysis at termination. Analysis of the solubility of the edible film at a concentration of 1 gr as well the analysis of water vapor permeability. Whereas the analysis of the best antioxidant capacity in the composition of chitosan is 1,5 gr. Keywords: corn starch, chitosan, edible film  
Potential of silica from water treatment sludge modified with chitosan for Pb(II) and color adsorption in sasirangan waste solution Wicakso, Doni Rahmat; Mirwan, Agus; Agustin, Era; Nopembriani, Nova Fitria; Firdaus, Ikhsan; Fadillah, Muhammad
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 7 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.7.2.2022.1041

Abstract

Water treatment sludge (WTS) still contains a lot of silica oxide (SiO2) as much as 43.12-66.90% by weight and can act as an adsorbent to be applied to the treatment of Sasirangan wastewater. Silica extraction from WTS was carried out by microwave-assisted leaching, which - compared to conventional extraction - had several advantages including high extraction yields, fast, uniform, and more selective processing time. In addition, Sasirangan liquid waste is a by-product of the dyeing process of Sasirangan cloth, which still contains heavy metals in amounts exceeding the quality standard. This study aims to extract silica from WTS by microwave-assisted leaching process to synthesize silica modified by chitosan (Si-Kit) as an adsorbent to reduce Pb(II) from Sasirangan wastewater, and to obtain a kinetic model of the adsorption process. The silica from microwave-assisted leaching process (Si-MaL) and Si-Kit adsorbents were characterized using FTIR and SEM. The results showed that the dominant functional groups of Si-Kit included Si-O-Si, Si-O-C stretching vibrations, and stretching vibration of C=N showing that the condensation between aldehyde groups and amino groups occurred to form base after the addition of glutaraldehyde. The SEM images showed that Si-MaL and Si-Kit adsorbent obviously increased in particle size with the presence of visible particles of homogeneous granules and large pores. The removal efficiency percentage of Pb(II) and color occurred at 6% w/v adsorbent weight and 70 min was 87.20% and 61.87% respectively. Meanwhile, the adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) and color followed the zero order kinetics model at weight variation of 6%-w/v based on the value of R2 close to one and the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ion and color were 12.01 mg g-1 and 467 mg g-1, respectively.
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Abdul Ghofur Abdul Ghofur Abdullah Abdullah Agus Mirwan Agustin, Era Ahmad Budi Junaidi Aslamiah Aslamiah Astrilia Damayanti Dessy, Sheilvina Milliviyanthi Erlinda Deviyani Fadillah, Muhammad Fortuna, Dwi Hernadin, Ivan Aldino Hidayati, Rima Nurul Ikhsan Firdaus Koswartin, Tutang Kania Megawati - Melisa Triandini Maulani, Melisa Triandini Muhammad Rivai Najma, Anniy Nurin Nopembriani, Nova Fitria Nurhalisa, Siti Nuryoto Prasetyo, Ridwan Anung Qudsi, Parsiah Rahmayetty Rahmayetty Retnowati, Diah Ayu Rizki, Muhammad Prabu Suherman, Bella Febrianty Putri wahyu hardianto Winaningsih, Ima Yusuf Rumbino