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All Journal Journal on Education Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan ARSY : Jurnal Aplikasi Riset kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi Digital Bisnis: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen Dan E-commerce Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary on Social and Technology BULLET : Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu JEBD Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Jurnal Simki Economic IJEMA
Asih Murwiati
Universitas Lampung
Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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The Impact Of Mean Years Of Schooling And Patent Applications On GDP Per Capita With Labor Productivity As A Mediating Variable In Asean-4 Nurlaila Indah Sari; Neli Aida; Asih Murwiati
EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Vol. 5 No. 6: September 2026
Publisher : CV. Ulil Albab Corp

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/ekoma.v5i6.20918

Abstract

This study examines the effect of mean years of schooling and patent applications on GDP per capita in ASEAN countries, both directly and indirectly through labor productivity as a mediating variable. All variables were transformed into natural logarithms (ln), and the analysis employed path analysis based on panel data regression, consisting of two structural equations. Structural Model 1 estimates the effect of the independent variables on the mediating variable, while Structural Model 2 estimates the effect of both the independent variables and the mediating variable on the dependent variable. Based on model selection tests, the Random Effect Model (REM) was selected for Structural Model 1, and the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) was selected for Structural Model 2. The results show that mean years of schooling (RRLS) has a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita, both directly and indirectly through labor productivity. This indicates that education contributes to economic output mainly through its role in enhancing labor productivity. Patent applications also show a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita, both directly and indirectly. Although smaller in magnitude than education, this confirms that innovation activity supports economic growth in ASEAN primarily through labor productivity gains. Overall, labor productivity serves as a key mediating channel linking human capital and innovation to GDP per capita across ASEAN countries, with indirect effects outweighing direct effects for both variables.  
Co-Authors Afrilia Ulfatussaniah Ahmad Dharu Athallah Aisah Atnia Zulaikha Alma Alfina Amartya Intan Ambya, Ambya Andrian, Thomas Anggi Rosalia Putri Arivina Ratih Yulihar Taher Arvina Ratih Yulihar Deandra Lauradina Deswira Aulia Emi Maimunah HERU WAHYUDI I Wayan I Wayan Suparta . Iis Purniawati Irfan Musyaffa Made Dion Juniarta Moniyana, Resha Muhammad Ilham Wali Muhidin Sirat Neli Aida Nindya Eka Sobita Nurbetty Herlina Sitorus Nurlaila Indah Sari Prayudha Ananta Richard James Halomoan Lingga Ricky Apriansyah Ricky Zulkarnain Septiana Tri Susanti Toto Gunarto Yunia Erika Putri Zulfa Emalia