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All Journal Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Melia Laniwati Gunawan
Chemical Engineering Program, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science

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Journal : Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering

 1 
Investigation on the Hydrothermal Condition in Synthesis of Active Matrix from Metakaolin: Physicochemical Properties and Intrinsic Cracking Activities Hudaya, Farhansyah Yusuf Putra; Anggaswara, Rezky Oktaviandy; Gunawan, Melia Laniwati; Kadja, Grandprix Thomryes Marth; Makertihartha, I. G. B. N.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 3 Year 2024 (October 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20181

Abstract

The current trends in research and development of FCC catalyst is focused on the formulation of active matrices that serve as pre-crackers, with the objective of reducing the diffusional resistance of the longer chain hydrocarbon molecule in the feed. In this study, an aluminosilicate active matrix was synthesised from metakaolin using hydrothermal method. The experimental variables that were varied were hydrothermal temperature, in the range of 80 to 110 °C, and hydrothermal time, in the range of 12 to 72 hours, to investigate the best conditions for synthesising the active matrix. Subsequently, the active matrix was subjected to a series of analyses, including X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, NH3-temperature programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry, with the objective of determining its composition, crystal characteristics, surface characteristics, acidity, functional groups, material structure, and thermal characteristics. Additionally, the active matrix was tested for its intrinsic cracking activity using the micro activity test (MAT). The results indicate that the best temperature for hydrothermal synthesis of the active matrix is 80 °C. The active matrix synthesised with a heating time of 24 hours demonstrated the highest light cycle oil yield, reaching 38.9 wt%. Meanwhile, the active matrix synthesised at 48 hours exhibited the most favourable characteristics, with a specific surface area of 144.23 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.9933 cm3/g, as well as the highest cracking conversion of 70.0 wt%. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Comparative Assessment of Empirical Coke Deposition Models during n-Butanol Dehydration over a Zeolite-Y-Based Cracking Catalyst Adhi, Tri Partono; Subagjo, Subagjo; Makertihartha, I Gusti Bagus Ngurah; Nabilah, Azizah; Aulia, Hanief; Gunawan, Melia Laniwati
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026) (Issue in Progress)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20612

Abstract

The dehydration of n-butanol to butenes over zeolite-Y is accompanied by coke formation, which progressively deactivates the catalyst and affects reaction kinetics. In this study, dehydration was performed in an isothermal fixed-bed reactor at 400–500 °C using a commercial zeolite-Y composite catalyst. Coke deposition was quantified gravimetrically, while catalyst characterization showed a Si/Al ratio of 6, surface area of 353.9 m².g⁻¹, pore diameter of 57.2 Å, and pore volume of 0.602 cm³.g⁻¹, confirming a mesoporous structure. Coke accumulation data were analyzed using the Voorhies power-law model and analytical expressions derived from the Dumez–Froment empirical model. Model parameters were estimated by fitting experimental coke content data at different temperatures. The Voorhies model showed excellent agreement with experimental data (R² = 0.96–0.98). Among the Dumez–Froment-based expressions, only the logarithmic form accurately described coke deposition, while other forms resulted in poor fits. The results indicate that coke formation is progressively inhibited by accumulated coke, likely due to pore blockage and reduced accessibility of active sites. These findings identify suitable empirical models for predicting coke deposition and catalyst deactivation during n-butanol dehydration over zeolite-Y catalysts. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors Adhi, Tri Partono Anggaswara, Rezky Oktaviandy Aulia, Hanief Endang Sri Rahayu Hudaya, Farhansyah Yusuf Putra IGBN Makertihartha IGBN Makertihartha Kadja, Grandprix Thomryes Marth Kurniawan, Rizky Gilang Makertihartha, I G. B. N. Makertihartha, I Gusti Bagus Ngurah Makertihartha, I. G. B. N. Nabilah, Azizah Nisa, Lita Marina Rasrendra, Carolus Borromeus Subagjo Subagjo Subagjo Subagjo Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi Widikrama, Candra Lutfi