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NALAR EPISTEMOLOGI AGAMA: Argumen Pluralisme Religius Epistemologis Abdul Karim Sorosh Wijaya, Aksin
Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman Vol 11, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : IAIN Tulungagung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21274/epis.2016.11.2.201-224

Abstract

Menurut Abdul Karim Sorosh, agama terdiri dari dua unsur: pengalaman seseorang bertemu dengan Yang Sakral dan kitab suci yang merupakan manifestasi dari pengalaman Yang Sakral itu. Tafsir terhadap agama diarahkan kepada dua unsur tersebut. Yang penting dicatat dalam konteks penafsiran bahwa di satu sisi, pengalaman keagamaan seorang nabi bervariasi dan kitab suci agama mengandung pesan beragam. Sedangkan di sisi lain, seorang mufassir agama melalui luar kerangka agama sehingga terselip asumsi-asumsi, harapan-harapan dan teori-teori ilmu pengetahuan sesuai dinamika hidup sang mufassir. Karena itu, tafsir terhadap agama yang disebut dengan istilah pemikiran keagamaan menurut Sorosh tidak hanya beragam, tetapi juga dinamis. Keragaman dan dinamika pemikiran keagamaan bisa dilihat dari banyaknya aliran pemikiran keagamaan yang berkembang di dunia, baik aliran keagamaan yang menjadi mainstream maupun non-mainstream. Contohnya, Sorosh melansir tiga kategori aliran pemikiran keagamaan yang berkembang saat ini: pertama, pemikiran keagamaan yang menekankan agama agar bermanfaat bagi manusia dalam menjalani hidupnya di dunia (maslahi). Kedua, pemikiran keagamaan yang menekankan agar agama bisa menjawab persoalan-persoalan epistemologis yang dihadapi manusia (ma’rifati). Ketiga, pemikiran keagamaan yang menekankan agar agama menjadi bagian dari pengalaman seseorang dalam bertemu dengan Tuhan (tajribati). Masing-masing aliran itu menurut Sorosh mempunyai variasi gerakan sendiri-sendiri, namun aliran keagamaan yang ketiga (tajribati) lebih bervariasi daripada dua aliran lainnya.According to Abdul Karim Sorosh, the religion consists of two components namely a person’s meeting experience to the Sacred and the holy books which is concreted from its Sacred experience. Interpretation of the religion is directed to these two elements. Meanwhile, prophets had varied religious experiences as well as religion’s holy books contain diverse messages. However, mufassir interprets religion through the outside framework of religion itself; as a result, assumptions, expectations and theories of science are which in accordance with the life of the mufassir start to emerge eventually. For that reason, the interpretation of religious according to Sorosh is not only diverse but also dynamic. The diversity and dynamics of religious thought can be seen from variability of sect developed around the world in the form of mainstream and non-mainstream. The example is that Sorosh divided three categories of religious thought sect nowdays. Firstly, it emphasizes that religion is beneficial for living in the world (maslahi). Secondly, it highlight that religion can solve epistemological problems faced by mankind (ma’rifati). Thirdly, it put emphasison the concept that religion as a part of one’s experience in meeting the Lord (tajribati). Each type of religious schools of thought proposed by Sorosh hasits own movement, however the movements for the third types (tajribati) is more various than the other two types.
Observing Islam With Ethics: From Hatred Theology to Religious Ethics Wijaya, Aksin; Suwendi, Suwendi; Syamsuddin, Sahiron
QIJIS Vol 9, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : IAIN Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/qijis.v9i1.9538

Abstract

The emergence of religious phenomena that lead certain Muslim groups in Indonesia to spread hatred (religious hate speech) became the primary rationale of this article. This phenomenon occurred because some Muslim groups consider their religious understanding to be the only actual theological truth while ignoring religious ethics in a religiously plural society. Therefore, some questions were raised: Firstly, what is the conceptual structure of Islam? Secondly, what does Islam teach its believers in regards to living together within the Islamic community and living among believers of other different religions? The method of ethics was employed to analyze the two research questions by describing, analyzing, and criticizing the attitude of the Islamic movement, which spreads hatred. From this article, it is expected that Muslims should emphasize not only religious theological but also ethical truth. The findings are as follows: firstly, the conceptual structure of Islam comprises of threefold: Islam, Iman, and Ihsan, which culminate in Ihsan, Sufism, and ethics. Secondly, in regards to becoming a Muslim and embracing it among believers of other religions, Islam essentially relates its religious and theological truth to the religious ethic (the ethic of al-Qur’an), which combines three elements of ethics: God’s, religious, and social ethics. The two latter ethics should always refer to God’s affirmative ethics, for instance, with His Divine attributes of The Most Merciful and Just. God has mercy on human beings and treats all of them justly. Likewise, human beings essentially should do the same in relation to God and fellow human beings.
Moderasi Beragama yang Kosmopolit (Mencegah Konflik dalam Masyarakat Sodong yang Harmoni) Rufi’ah, Rufi’ah; Wijaya, Aksin; Hasaniy, Nur Rif’ah
AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584) Vol 4 No 02 (2024): Al-Mikraj, Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora
Publisher : Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/almikraj.v5i01.6324

Abstract

This article focuses on the theme of inter-religious relations in Indonesia with interrelated sub-topics: the history of the struggle of thought in Islam, the concept of religious moderation, and looking at religious life in a hamlet that has been used as a hamlet of religious tolerance in Ponorogo, namely the hamlet of Sodong. The history of thought and religious moderation are used to discuss the above issues. The history of thought is intended to trace the struggle of thought in history, while religious moderation is used as an analytical tool and solution offering to prevent the emergence of potential conflicts in the Sodong Community, Ponorogo. Viewed from the perspective of the history of thought, religious moderation has actually been developing for a long time, namely since the early period of the presence of Islam, and its presence has always been a response to radical thoughts and attitudes in religion. The religious moderation that I think is appropriate to use in Indonesia is religious moderation that is dialogical with reality, because Islam basically has a theoretical, dialogical and practical character. With the basic character of Islam, we can see reality in an appreciative, critical and productive way. We can appreciate the phenomenon of tolerant religiosity, of course without reducing critical attitudes and new solutions in overcoming potential conflicts in the name of religion, such as in Sodong Ponorogo.
Nalar Islam Antroposentris (Mentransformasi Relasi Humanis Antarumat Beragama di Indonesia) Wijaya, Aksin; Anggraini, Yulia
AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584) Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Al-Mikraj, Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora
Publisher : Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/almikraj.v5i2.6869

Abstract

Understanding of religion is influenced by the paradigm used by each person. So far, there are three paradigms that have developed among Indonesian Muslim intellectuals in particular, namely the theocentric Islamic paradigm, the theoanthropocentric Islamic paradigm and the anthropocentric Islamic paradigm. Each paradigm is based on a different method of reasoning with reference to the fundamental question, whether religion is a divine taklif or a human right. With the aim of critically analyzing the three paradigms and offering a new paradigm in understanding religion, this paper utilizes Abdul Karim Soros's taklif and human rights theory and the maqasyidi interpretation theory to analyze the verses of the Qur'an. The method of critical appreciation thinking is used to compile the framework of this paper. The results of the study show that Islam through its holy book is a holy book that is oriented towards the interests and welfare of humans, both in the world and in the hereafter. However, this welfare must remain bound by the holy book, although it does not mean completely rejecting the welfare that is born from humans as long as it does not conflict with the maqasyid of the holy book.
Rethinking Gender Justice in the Quran: A Critical Exploration of Muslim Feminist Perspectives Wijaya, Aksin; Muchlis, Ibnu; Rohmatulloh, Dawam Multazam
Jurnal Studi Ilmu-ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Hadis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025): Januari
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/qh.v26i1.5704

Abstract

Discussions on men and women in Islam involve three major schools of thought: classical Muslim scholars, secular feminists, and Muslim feminists. While all aim to uphold women’s dignity, they diverge in their interpretations. Classical Muslim scholars emphasize justice but do not necessarily advocate absolute equality between men and women, whereas secular and Muslim feminists argue for full equality in rights and responsibilities as a form of just treatment. In particular, Muslim feminists engage in Quranic reinterpretation to uncover gender justice rooted in equality. This paper examines how Muslim feminists construct their arguments in Quranic reinterpretation, critiques the logic underlying their exegetical approach, and explores a Quranic perspective on gender justice that is both “meaningful” and contextually relevant to contemporary society. To achieve this, the study employs a critical-appreciative approach, integrating critical discourse analysis and maqasidic interpretation to analyze these three aspects. The findings highlight three key points: first, the efforts of Muslim feminists in advocating for women’s fundamental rights deserve recognition; second, their exegetical reasoning requires scrutiny, as it tends to shift from social analysis to ideological assertion; and third, the Quran presents a concept of gender justice that is dynamic and adaptable to diverse contemporary contexts. Justice in Islam does not always equate to equality; rather, it can manifest as proportional rights and responsibilities that maintain social balance and harmony. Thus, gender justice can be achieved through differentiation, provided it upholds fairness within the given context. This study bridges feminist and traditional Islamic scholarship by critically assessing Muslim feminist exegesis and proposing a contextualized framework for Quranic gender justice.
Moderasi Beragama yang Kosmopolit (Mencegah Konflik dalam Masyarakat Sodong yang Harmoni) Rufi’ah, Rufi’ah; Wijaya, Aksin; Hasaniy, Nur Rif’ah
AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora Vol. 4 No. 02 (2024): Al-Mikraj, Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora
Publisher : Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/almikraj.v5i01.6324

Abstract

This article focuses on the theme of inter-religious relations in Indonesia with interrelated sub-topics: the history of the struggle of thought in Islam, the concept of religious moderation, and looking at religious life in a hamlet that has been used as a hamlet of religious tolerance in Ponorogo, namely the hamlet of Sodong. The history of thought and religious moderation are used to discuss the above issues. The history of thought is intended to trace the struggle of thought in history, while religious moderation is used as an analytical tool and solution offering to prevent the emergence of potential conflicts in the Sodong Community, Ponorogo. Viewed from the perspective of the history of thought, religious moderation has actually been developing for a long time, namely since the early period of the presence of Islam, and its presence has always been a response to radical thoughts and attitudes in religion. The religious moderation that I think is appropriate to use in Indonesia is religious moderation that is dialogical with reality, because Islam basically has a theoretical, dialogical and practical character. With the basic character of Islam, we can see reality in an appreciative, critical and productive way. We can appreciate the phenomenon of tolerant religiosity, of course without reducing critical attitudes and new solutions in overcoming potential conflicts in the name of religion, such as in Sodong Ponorogo.
Nalar Islam Antroposentris (Mentransformasi Relasi Humanis Antarumat Beragama di Indonesia) Wijaya, Aksin; Anggraini, Yulia
AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Al-Mikraj, Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora
Publisher : Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/almikraj.v5i2.6869

Abstract

Understanding of religion is influenced by the paradigm used by each person. So far, there are three paradigms that have developed among Indonesian Muslim intellectuals in particular, namely the theocentric Islamic paradigm, the theoanthropocentric Islamic paradigm and the anthropocentric Islamic paradigm. Each paradigm is based on a different method of reasoning with reference to the fundamental question, whether religion is a divine taklif or a human right. With the aim of critically analyzing the three paradigms and offering a new paradigm in understanding religion, this paper utilizes Abdul Karim Soros's taklif and human rights theory and the maqasyidi interpretation theory to analyze the verses of the Qur'an. The method of critical appreciation thinking is used to compile the framework of this paper. The results of the study show that Islam through its holy book is a holy book that is oriented towards the interests and welfare of humans, both in the world and in the hereafter. However, this welfare must remain bound by the holy book, although it does not mean completely rejecting the welfare that is born from humans as long as it does not conflict with the maqasyid of the holy book.