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Russia Domination Policy: Implementation of Military Operation in Ukraine (2014 – 2015) Manurung, Hendra
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 4 No 02 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

AbstrakFederasi Rusia merupakan aktor global yang menerapkan kebijakan tegas terhadap Ukraina. Guna mencapai tujuan politik nasional Rusia yang dikendalikan dari Moskwa, melalui operasi militer di tahun 2014, didefinisikan bagaimana negara tersebut berperilaku. Melalui kombinasi operasi militer dan non-militer, Rusia secara perlahan memperoleh kekuasaan melalui aneksasi Krimea. Efektivitas metoda ini dipergunakan untuk menentukan strategi perang Rusia saat ini. Dengan demikian menjelaskan bagaimana kebijakan luar negeri dan kebijakan pertahanan Rusia dari tahun 2000 hingga 2013 yang memiliki ketergantungan pada lingkungan strategis Ukraina terhadap Rusia, dan kepentingan nasional Rusia pada Ukraina. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah pencapaian tujuan politik Rusia dalam operasi militer yang dilaksanakan di Ukraina dan menganalisa komponen keamanan nasional Rusia yang signifikan mempengaruhi interaksi konflik asimetrik.Kata-kata kunci: keamanan nasional, tujuan politik, operasi militer, perilaku negara AbstractRussia Federation as global actor applied its policies towards Ukraine remains assertive. In pursuing state’s political objectives from Moscow, the escalation of military operation in 2014 defined as the way on how the state behaves. By means of the combination of military and non-military measures on the conduct of operation, Russia is now slowly regaining its power through the annexation of Crimea. The effectiveness of this method determines to be Russia’s strategy on contemporary warfare. Thus, it explains how Russian foreign and defense policy from 2000 to 2013 that depend on surrounding strategic environment of Ukraine to Russia, and the national interests of Russia to Ukraine. The main focus of this research is on the achievement of Russia’s political objective in its military operation in Ukraine and analysis on Russia’s national security components that are significantly influence the interaction of this asymmetric conflict.Keywords: national security, political objectives, military operations, state’s behavior

The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Efforts to Approve Myanmar Transitional Government Proposal on ASEAN 2014 Chairmanship Manurung, Hendra
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 4, No 2 (2015): October
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/hi.2015.0075.148-161

In 2011, Myanmar proposed to take the 2014 Chairmanship by swapping their turn with Laos. This is a deviation to ASEAN Charter Article 31 which says that the Chairmanship of ASEAN shall rotate annually based on the alphabetical order of the English names of Member States. Fortunately, by default, Myanmarâ€™s Chairmanship would have to be in 2016 after Malaysia in 2015. Despite this and also considering year 2014 is crucial as it is only a year before the plan of the realization of ASEAN Economic Community on 31st January 2015, ASEAN approved Myanmarâ€™s 2014 Chairmanship proposal. Thus, this research aims to examine the reasons what was ASEAN motives to support Myanmar Democratic Reform, and how ASEAN implements its efforts to initiate Myanmar for ASEAN 2014 Chairmanship. In conducting the research, the writer elaborated constructivism theory and institutional approach from international organization theory, which are used as theoretical framework. Through theory of constructivism, the ramification of past events is analyzed. The analysis is conducted particularly by identifying series of events and change of circumstance that affects ASEAN, Myanmar, and other state actors involved. This is done to identify possible factors affecting ASEANâ€™s decision to approve Myanmarâ€™s 2014Chairmanship proposal. Meanwhile, through institutional approach from international organization theory, the ASEAN Charter is used as a guide to analyze the basis of ASEANâ€™s assessment of the eligibility of Myanmarâ€™s Chairmanship. ASEAN Charter Article 32 as stated the role of the chairman is the particular article which is used in this research as ASEANâ€™s standard of procedures (SOP) in assessing Myanmarâ€™s eligibility.

Pemutaran Film ‘Иди и смотри’ Oleh Kedutaan Besar Federasi Rusia Di Jakarta: Perjuangan Anti-Perang Dalam Perang Dunia II Saragih, Hondor; Manurung, Hendra; Pannyiwi, Rahmat; Hutabarat, Erny; Rezasyah, Teuku; Sugiono, Muhadi
Sahabat Sosial: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Sahabat Sosial: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (Juni)
Publisher : Asosiasi Guru dan Dosen Seluruh Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59585/sosisabdimas.v2i3.363

The film Иди и Cмотри directed by Elem Klimov starring Aleksei Kravchenko and Olga Mironova delivers the anti-war struggle campaign during World War II (WW II) in Belarus. This 142-minute film was released on July 9, 1985, in Belarus (БеларусьФильм) and the Soviets (МосФильм). The gross income obtained reached USS 21 million. The period of Nazi German occupation in Belarus began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union without a declaration of war on June 22, 1941, known as Operation Barbarossa ended in August 1944 with the launch of Operation Bagration by the Soviets. The western part of Byelorussia (1940) became part of the Reichskommissariat Ostland in 1941. The German government in 1943 allowed local collaborators to establish a client state as Belarusian Central Rada existed until the arrival of Soviet troops managed to liberate that region. The Reichskommissariat Ostland was a civil occupation regime established by Nazi Germany in 1941 in the Baltic states such as Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, northeastern Poland, and the western part of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic during WW II. The German decision to form the Reichskommissariat aimed to 1) exterminate the Jewish population, 2) prepare Lebensraum for the German people, 3) expel the native population, and 4) assimilate the remainder. However, this policy did not only apply to the Reichskommissariat Ostland but was applied to other Soviet territories occupied by Germany. Utilizing Einsatzgruppen A and B assisted by local troops, found more than one million Jews were killed as a result of the formation of the Reichskommissariat Ostland. The results of the German troop's deployment were to invade them by the takeover of large Soviet territories and the deliberate killing of unarmed civilians (genocide). Berlin leaders’ decision indeed has created an unforgettable human tragedy.

Sosialisasi dan Pendampingan Kadet S1 Sejarah Militer Universitas Pertahanan Pada Usulan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional Di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Indonesia Ramsi, Oktaheroe; Subiantoro, Yudi; Manurung, Hendra; Pertiwi, Yuliana Anggun; Pannyiwi, Rahmat
Sahabat Sosial: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Sahabat Sosial: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (Desember)
Publisher : Asosiasi Guru dan Dosen Seluruh Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59585/sosisabdimas.v3i1.548

This article describes how the proposal for state awards given by the President to every Indonesian citizen or someone who has died is known as the awarding of the title of national hero. On November 20, 2024, 25 cadets of the Military History Bachelor's Degree from the Faculty of Defence Strategy, Indonesian Defence University accompanied by the Head of the Study Program, lecturers, and staff attended the 'Seminar on the Proposal for the Title of National Hero in the Name of Wongsonegoro' at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Indonesia. Mr. Wongsonegoro was born on April 20, 1897, and died on March 4, 1978. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia in the Ali Sastroamidjojo I Cabinet from 1953 to 1955 and Minister of Education and Culture of Indonesia from 1951 to 1952. In addition, during the preparation for Indonesian independence, he also joined the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI), representing the city of Surakarta, together with Wuryaningrat, Sosrodiningrat, and Radjiman Wedyodiningrat. BPUPKI was an agency formed by Japan to prepare for Indonesian independence. This title is given to those who have rendered services and dedication and fought for the nation and state. This title is also given to those who have rendered services, dedicated, and fought for the nation-state. It revealed that the proposal to grant the title of National Hero to Mr. Wongsonegoro is a form of state appreciation given by the President to Indonesian citizens or someone who has died, for acts of heroism, devotion, philanthropy, and extraordinary eternal work to the nation and state.

Kebangkitan Ekonomi Rusia Pasca-Uni Soviet: Studi Kasus Reformasi Kepemimpinan Putin Subiantoro, Yudi; Manurung, Hendra; Pannyiwi, Rahmat
JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (Oktober)
Publisher : Asosiasi Guru dan Dosen Seluruh Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59585/jimad.v2i1.528

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, followed by the transition to an open market economy in Russia presented various economic and political dynamics. Boris Yeltsin's leadership was, in fact, unable to solve the fundamental problems related to domestic political and economic developments, and therefore Putin's firm leadership, consistent attitudes, and centralistic decision-making began to bring Russia's progress toward a Great Power in the early 2000s. This paper aims to analytically describe the revival of the Russian economy after the collapse of the Soviet Union through Putin's leadership. Putin-era economic reforms aimed to restore national political stability and economic growth with policies of simplifying the tax system, nationalizing natural resources and optimal utilization, and reducing dependence on foreign loans. These reforms succeeded in increasing gross domestic product (GDP) growth, reducing poverty and unemployment, and attracting foreign investment. However, criticism of reliance on energy exports, corruption, and the impact of international sanctions are still systemic problems in Russia. The qualitative case study approach method is used to analyse Putin-era economic reforms and their impact on Russian economic growth. Content analysis and economic data suitability are used as data processing methods. This study contributes to the academic debate on the effectiveness of various economic development models and the state's role in the absorption of the market economy. This paper has a significant impact on efforts to maintain the balance of global and regional economic power so that it can be a reference for policymakers, investors, and international economic analysts to understand the trends and prospects of the Russian economy in the future. It is concluded that Russian leadership of President Vladimir Putin served from early 2000 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2024, then slowly began to advance his country again and slowly rose to reclaim the status of great power in the world political arena, challenging the hegemony of the West which is increasingly dominating in the international system.

The European Union's (Eu) Contribution As A Global Defense And Security Actor In The International System Sudaryono, Sudaryono; Manurung, Hendra; Pannyiwi, Rahmat
JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (Oktober)
Publisher : Asosiasi Guru dan Dosen Seluruh Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59585/jimad.v2i1.532

History indeed has finally caught up with Europe. The European continent’s long period of relative peace from 1945 to 2022 was suppose an aberration. In any European capital today, the mood seems starkly different than before Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Suddenly, from Berlin to Brussels, leaders are racing to resuscitate their defence infrastructure and update their militaries capabilities which each dependent for too long on a U.S. security umbrella that is no longer guaranteed its sustainability. Despite the gravity of the moment, Europe’s attempts to put up a united front are like a pail with several leaks: In Belgrade, Bratislava, and Budapest, leaders friendly to the Kremlin have ridden a wave of disinformation and fearmongering to get elected or stay in power through one side propaganda. Meanwhile, the success of far-right parties in the European Parliament elections in June 2024 only added to fears about the continent’s regional stability. This research revealed Europe’s hand weakens will impact the rest of the world look to divide and conquer the European continent sooner or later.

Kehadiran Komponen Cadangan (KOMCAD) Dalam Pertahanan Negara: Implementasi Operasi Militer Selain Perang (OMSP) Sudaryono, Sudaryono; Manurung, Hendra; Pannyiwi, Rahmat
JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (Oktober)
Publisher : Asosiasi Guru dan Dosen Seluruh Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59585/jimad.v2i1.540

The urgency of utilizing reserve components in the Total People's Defence and Security System (Sishankamrata) in Indonesia is increasingly relevant considering the vast territorial area and the complexity of future threats, from conventional military threats to natural disasters and terrorism. National defence is a form of national defence that should be maintained by the entire Indonesian nation. However, considering the limited budget and active military personnel, empowering reserve components is a strategic solution to maintain national preparedness without burdening the state budget excessively. The purpose of this study is to analyse the extent to which reserve components play a role in the national defence system and to identify emerging challenges and opportunities. This study uses a qualitative approach with an exploratory method. Data collection was carried out through data triangulation which included defence policy analysis, literature review, and semi-structured interviews with defence experts and military personnel. Data analysis used thematic analysis to identify patterns and relevance of the main themes. A comparative study was conducted by comparing the implementation of reserve components in other countries, in order to find good practices that can be adapted in the Indonesian context. The results of the study show that reserve components are not only effective in the context of budget efficiency, but also play a role in organizing non-military operations, such as: natural disaster management and supporting the implementation of domestic security operations. In conclusion, the reserve component plays a significant role in strengthening National Defence, but supporting policies related to improving training infrastructure, empowering public awareness, and generating people participation are still also needed.

INDONESIA EFFORT TO ATTRACTING INVESTMENT IN TOURIST DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT Parlindungan, Henky Hotma; Manurung, Hendra
Jurnal Industri Parawisata Vol 5 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Industri Pariwisata JANUARY 2023
Publisher : Universitas Sahid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36441/pariwisata.v5i2.1423

This study aims to discuss Indonesia implemented strategy in optimizing effort in strengthening and enhance collaboratively to get investment. In fact, Indonesia's economic growth in 2020 had experienced a contraction due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time, the second-quarter decreased and gradually recovered in the third and fourth quarters. In the second quarter of 2021, Indonesian economic growth hit around seven percent. A thriving and financially sound capital market helps and supports the country's economic growth and can enhance inter-community cooperation. The factors for developing tourism companies and the creative economy of the 21st century are structured management, use of high-technology, employee skills and capital adequacy. However, Indonesiaâ€™s market opportunities in tourist destinations are still increasingly generated and have become the capital for promoting to foreign investors interested in realizing their investments. This research reveals the improving of investment of the tourism sector and the creative economy supporting Indonesia's economic growth is promising challenges.

The Geostorm in Great Major Power of the United States and NATO: The Impact of Climate Change to Southeast Asia Silaen, Christo Ariel Mario; Manurung, Hendra; Pannyiwi, Rahmat
JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (April)
Publisher : Asosiasi Guru dan Dosen Seluruh Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59585/jimad.v2i3.701

This paper aims to describe analytically the geopolitical phenomenon defined as “GEOSTORM” among major powers, specifically focusing on the dynamics between the United States and NATO, and its impact on Southeast Asia landscape through climate change and environmental concerns. As global warming and environmental degradation increase, the interplay between military strategy and ecological sustainability is becoming increasingly important, with the US developing a weather control device that could cause panic worldwide. This research aims to explain how strategic decisions made by these powerful entities not only shape International Relations but also significantly affect the environmental and climate resilience policies of developing countries. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this research integrates theories of international relations, security studies, and global governance to analyze the implications of US and NATO actions on Southeast Asia's ecological landscape. The study examines important issues such as the allocation of military resources, the environmental costs of defense operations, and potential cooperation initiatives aimed at addressing climate change. Southeast Asia regions in the broader context of global governance, and this research highlights the challenges and opportunities that arise from its interactions with major powers. Therefore, by analyzing historical precedents and contemporary developments, the research aims to provide actionable insights for Southeast Asia policymakers in navigating the complexities of big-state politics while fostering a commitment to ecological integrity. Ultimately, this research underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of how geopolitical maneuvers intersect with environmental interests, advocating for a proactive stance in Southeast Asia foreign policy that aligns with global development of sustainability goals.

Accompanying the Graduation of Military History S1 Cadet Cadets at the Indonesian Defence University Subiantoro, Yudi; Manurung, Hendra; Pertiwi, Yuliana Anggun
JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 4 (2024): JIMAD : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (July)
Publisher : Asosiasi Guru dan Dosen Seluruh Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59585/jimad.v1i4.392

On May 22, 2024, 25 students together with 326 cadet students from the Military History study program at the Indonesian Defence University were declared to have graduated as cadets and were entitled to take basic military education. This national military education Chandradimuka is for the Defence University Cadet students held at Indonesia Military Academy Magelang, Central Java. This activity will last for 3 full months of military education. Lieutenant General Armed Forces (TNI) Jonni Mahroza, Ph.D., opened the Basic Military Education (Diksarmil) Chandradimuka Undergraduate Student Cadet (S-1) Cohort 5 of the Indonesian Defence University for the 2024 Academic Year which was attended by 351 people who will carry out education for 3 months at Sapta Marga Field, city of Magelang. The Defence University of the Republic of Indonesia is a state university that provides vocational, undergraduate, and postgraduate education in the fields of defence and national defence, to carry out development and development oriented towards the Tri Dharma of higher education, to achieve national education standards and world-class university standards along with preserving national values. The results are that the implementation of this basic military training is the initial stage for Indonesian Defence University student cadets in the process of becoming defence human resources of excellence and integrity. This activity aims to shape the character of Indonesian Defence University student cadets into individuals who are disciplined and have integrity and responsibility. In the current era of globalization, Indonesia will certainly experience various challenges that will be increasingly complex and dynamic, so a young generation is needed who has high mental and physical resilience of national value and national defence.

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