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Subianta Mandala, Subianta
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HARMONISASI HUKUM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL: SEJARAH, LATAR BELAKANG DAN MODEL PENDEKATANNYA Mandala, Subianta
Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Vol 1, No 1 (2016): Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3545.756 KB)

Abstract

Abstrak                                                                                       Perbedaan sistem hukum di bidang perdagangan dapat menjadi faktor penghambat bagi perdagangan internasional. Menyadari hal tersebut, masyarakat internasional dari waktu ke waktu berupaya untuk melakukan penyeragaman atau harmonisasi terhadap hukum dagang. Tulisan ini berupaya untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis upaya-upaya tersebut dengan memberikan titik berat pada model pendekatan yang digunakan dalam mengharmoniskan hukum dagang lintas batas tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda yuridis normatif dan semua data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara kualitatif dan diberikan penggambaran secara mendalam mengenai konsep model pendekatan harmonisasi hukum dagang internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya harmonisasi hukum perdagangan internasional telah berlangsung cukup lama dalam berbagai fase, baik formal maupun informal dengan melibatkan berbagai pihak.  Model pendekatan harmonisasi yang dipergunakan belakangan ini adalah dengan menggunakan perangkat soft law, dan cenderung meninggalkan pendekatan hard law. Indonesia sebagai bagian dari masyarakat internasional perlu mencermati perkembangan tersebut dalam kerangka memperbarui hukum dagang internasionalnya.Kata Kunci: Harmonisasi, Hukum Perdagangan. AbstractDifferent legal system in trade may become a barrier to international trade. Being aware of this fact, international community has tried to make an effort to uniform or to harmonize international trade law. This paper will examine and analyze the efforts of the harmonization of trade law and focus specifically on the modes or approaches taken in the process of harmonisation. This research applies a juridical normative and descriptive analysis method. The result of the research shows us that the effort of harmonising international trade law has gone through some phases involving various kinds of actors and applying both informal and formal method. At present, there is a tendency that the mode used in harmonisation process is applying soft law instrument rather than hard law one. Indonesia, as a part of international community, needs to pay attention to the trend as mentioned above, in an effort to reform its national trade law.Keywords: Harmonisation, International TradeDOi :  https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v1n1.6 
Penormaan Pengawasan Izin Lingkungan dalam Pencegahan Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup dalam Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Alam Listiyani, Nurul; Akbar Hayat, Muzahid; Mandala, Subianta
Jurnal Media Hukum Vol 25, No 2, December 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.2018.0116.217-227

Abstract

In environmental protection and management, the main effort is to prevent pollution and damage on environment instead of repressing the damages occurred. Permit is one of preventive measures and becomes a principle in Administrative Law. Permits can be seen as government’s tool as judicial preventive and used as an administrative instrument to control people's behavior. Environmental permit can be seen as preventive measure, because it always related to orders and obligations that must be obeyed by the holder. On the other hand, environmental permit also function as repressive instrument to counter environmental problems due to human activities, including mining. The norm’s obscurity on the supervision of environmental permits in in Law No. 32 Year 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management (hereafter will refer as UUPPLH) is an indicator for the lack of the objective results.Based on type, this research  focuses the study on the Environmental permit as an absolute requirement. Normatively, the principle of environmental permit as stipulated in Environmental Law regulates that every business and/or activity which required an Environmental Impact Analysis document or UKL-UPL should also hold an environmental permit. The purpose of Environmental permits is to maintain the preservation of environmental functions while also prevent and counter environmental pollution and damage due to human activities. Based on this construction, permits plays a very important role in environmental activity. Exploitation of natural resources has a significant impact on the environment, thus based on Article 22 paragraph (1) of Environmental Law these activities requires an Environment Impact Analysis. Important impacts as detailed in Article 22 paragraph (2) at empirical level still occurs so the goal of preventing pollution and damage as the objective of environmental permits still has not been achieved.
UPICC SEBAGAI MODEL BAGI PEMBARUAN HUKUM KONTRAK INDONESIA DALAM RANGKA MENGANTISIPASI BERLAKUNYA MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN TAHUN 2015 Mandala, Subianta
Jurnal Media Hukum Vol 24, No 2 (2017): December
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.2017.0085.96-104

Abstract

The current Indonesian contract law which is inherited from then Dutch colonial is no longger compatible with the the rapid development of international trade and business practice. Indonesia, therefore for quite long time, has made an effort to reform its contract law. However, those efforts are not successful so far. The entry into force of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015 is a good momentum for Indonesia to revisit the idea of the reform. This research tried to find out the most possible approach for the reform. The research applied normative juridical method with futuristic approach. In conclusion, UPICC as an international instrument may well serve as model for the new Indonesian contract law. With its soft law character, UPICC may flexibly be adjusted in order not to prejudice the fundamental principles of Pancasila.
Penormaan Pengawasan Izin Lingkungan dalam Pencegahan Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup dalam Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Alam Listiyani, Nurul; Akbar Hayat, Muzahid; Mandala, Subianta
Jurnal Media Hukum Vol 25, No 2, December 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.2018.0116.217-227

Abstract

In environmental protection and management, the main effort is to prevent pollution and damage on environment instead of repressing the damages occurred. Permit is one of preventive measures and becomes a principle in Administrative Law. Permits can be seen as government’s tool as judicial preventive and used as an administrative instrument to control people's behavior. Environmental permit can be seen as preventive measure, because it always related to orders and obligations that must be obeyed by the holder. On the other hand, environmental permit also function as repressive instrument to counter environmental problems due to human activities, including mining. The norm’s obscurity on the supervision of environmental permits in in Law No. 32 Year 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management (hereafter will refer as UUPPLH) is an indicator for the lack of the objective results.Based on type, this research  focuses the study on the Environmental permit as an absolute requirement. Normatively, the principle of environmental permit as stipulated in Environmental Law regulates that every business and/or activity which required an Environmental Impact Analysis document or UKL-UPL should also hold an environmental permit. The purpose of Environmental permits is to maintain the preservation of environmental functions while also prevent and counter environmental pollution and damage due to human activities. Based on this construction, permits plays a very important role in environmental activity. Exploitation of natural resources has a significant impact on the environment, thus based on Article 22 paragraph (1) of Environmental Law these activities requires an Environment Impact Analysis. Important impacts as detailed in Article 22 paragraph (2) at empirical level still occurs so the goal of preventing pollution and damage as the objective of environmental permits still has not been achieved.
Sosialisasi Pendaftaran Merek sebagai Upaya Memberikan Kepastian dan Perlindungan Hukum bagi UMKM Agrowisata KISUCI di Desa Cipambuan, Kabupaten Bogor Herman, KMS; Nurmawati, Bernadete; Suhendar, Tubagus Ahmad; Mandala, Subianta
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (ABDIRA) Vol 5, No 3 (2025): Abdira, Juli
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/abdira.v5i3.721

Abstract

The objective of this community service project is to educate the participants of KISUCI Agrotourism MSMEs on the importance of registering their brands to provide peace of mind for consumers and ensure legal protection for their products. Cipambuan Village, Babakan Madang Sub-district, Bogor Regency, Indonesia, conducted a socialization and group discussion approach on November 4, 2024, with extension as the main activity. In the counseling session, participants were provided with a comprehensive understanding of the strategic benefits of trademarks, registration procedures through the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI), and the urgency of legal aspects in supporting business sustainability and competitiveness. In addition, the exercise uncovered a number of constraints faced by MSMEs, including a lack of technical knowledge, financial limitations, lack of awareness of the importance of legal considerations in brand registration, and an absence of familiarity with the registration process. The outreach successfully raised participants' initial awareness of the importance of brand protection, and laid the groundwork for ongoing assistance in the brand registration process as well as the development of a brand identity rooted in community strength.
The Strategic Role of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Has the Potential to Amend the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (Implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 116/PUU-XXI/2023) Sagalane, Andra Bani; Mandala, Subianta
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 10 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i10.561

Abstract

State legal policy reflects the state's interest in securing national objectives through norms that are enacted, implemented, and enforced for the welfare of citizens, state institutions, and all related entities. Article 1, paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia defines Indonesia as a "state of law," which includes both written and unwritten norms. Among these, laws are created by legislative and executive institutions to regulate state affairs. The hierarchy of regulations places the MPR Decree below the Law, with the Constitution as the highest authority. This study explores the gap in the construction of laws and regulations, focusing on the concept of "Faction," which appears in various laws but not in the Constitution. Through qualitative descriptive analysis and a normative legal approach, this research examines the implications of the 4% national vote threshold for political parties in the General Election, as it relates to the term "Faction" in the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR). This study advocates for the removal of the "Faction" provisions, suggesting that even a single-member political party should not be hindered by the threshold. It proposes that the Constitutional Court could amend laws containing the term "Faction" or incorporate it into the Constitution to ensure greater inclusivity in the legislative process. The findings suggest a need for constitutional amendment to align legislative practices with democratic principles.
Deconstructing Intentionality: Legal Fallacies in The Indonesian Criminal Code's Approach to Mens Rea Ramadan, Tubagus Ahmad; Mandala, Subianta
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 9 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i9.564

Abstract

This study examines the interpretative fallacies surrounding mens rea in Indonesia’s criminal justice system. Disparities in the interpretation of intentionality (opzet) by law enforcement officials and judges often result in significant inconsistencies in legal outcomes. Using a qualitative library research method with legal hermeneutics and critical discourse analysis, this study investigates 150 court decisions from 2020 to 2023 to identify structural and cultural causes of these inconsistencies. The findings reveal that 68% of verdicts contained ambiguity in the construction of mens rea, mainly due to outdated legal frameworks, limited interdisciplinary education, and external pressures. To address this, the study proposes an interdisciplinary reconstruction of the concept of intentionality that integrates insights from cognitive psychology with criminal law doctrine. This includes the development of a nuanced intentionality spectrum and practical tools such as the Intentionality Assessment Protocol (IAP). The findings highlight the complexity of mens rea interpretations within the Indonesian legal system, with substantial variations in judicial decisions. The study proposes a new conceptual framework based on cognitive psychology to bridge gaps in understanding intentionality. Further recommendations for reform include the development of legal education and training systems for law enforcement.
Beyond Digital Borders: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Frameworks for Digital Evidence in Child-Related Crime Investigations Nurlaela, Siti Chusnul; Mandala, Subianta
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 9 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i9.565

Abstract

Digital evidence in child-related crime investigations presents unique challenges for legal systems worldwide, particularly as such crimes increasingly transcend national borders. The intangible, volatile, and jurisdictionally complex nature of digital evidence raises fundamental questions about how different legal frameworks address collection, preservation, and admissibility in these sensitive cases. Objectives. This study aims to identify and analyze key differences in legal frameworks governing digital evidence in child-related crime investigations across the European Union, United States, and United Kingdom, with specific focus on authority requirements, procedural standards, and cross-border evidence exchange mechanisms. Methods. Through comparative legal analysis of primary legal texts, case law, and secondary literature, this research examines the procedural requirements, technical standards, and jurisdictional approaches to digital evidence across the selected jurisdictions. Research Findings. The analysis reveals distinct regulatory models: the EU employs a structured judicial oversight model through instruments like the European Investigation Order and the emerging e-evidence package; the US CLOUD Act facilitates direct public-private cooperation through streamlined court orders and bilateral agreements; and the UK relies on Criminal Procedure Rules and traditional Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty processes with emphasis on maintaining strict chain of custody. Significant variations exist in authority requirements, technical standards for evidence authentication, and mechanisms for cross-jurisdictional cooperation. These jurisdictional differences create practical challenges for cross-border investigations, particularly concerning cloud-stored data and child sexual abuse material. The study proposes a harmonized approach that balances investigative efficiency with privacy protections and addresses the unique vulnerabilities of child victims, while respecting different legal traditions.
Restorative Justice in Criminal Acts of Losing Human Life from an Economic Perspective Marwa, Soffa; Mandala, Subianta
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 10 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i10.572

Abstract

This study analyzes in depth the implementation of restorative justice (RJ) in the crime of killing a person in Indonesia from an economic perspective. Using qualitative methods with normative legal and conceptual approaches, and secondary data analysis, this study examines the potential benefits and challenges of implementing RJ in murder cases. The results of the analysis show that RJ has the potential to offer social and economic benefits—such as better victim recovery, potential reduction in long-term criminal justice system costs, and reduced recidivism—compared to retributive approaches. However, its implementation in Indonesia faces significant obstacles, including regulatory fragmentation, institutional resistance, public perception, and limited resources and local empirical data. While immediate cost savings may be limited for serious cases, the potential long-term socio-economic benefits of recovery and social cohesion could be substantial. Effective implementation requires legal harmonization, resource investment, paradigm shift, and the development of clear guidelines. The findings of this study highlight the economic and social potential of implementing restorative justice (RJ) in Indonesia’s criminal justice system, particularly in cases of homicide. From an economic perspective, RJ could reduce the long-term costs associated with the criminal justice process, such as incarceration and administrative expenses, by focusing on rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders.
Legal Aspects of Moral Rights and Economic Rights in Music Creation Using AI Music Generators Sekararum Utami, Lili; Mandala, Subianta; Darwati , Darwati
Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 7 (2025): Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/japendi.v6i7.8114

Abstract

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has had a significant impact across various sectors, including the music industry. One of the latest innovations is the AI Music Generator, which is capable of automatically creating musical compositions without direct human involvement as the creator. However, this development raises various legal issues, particularly concerning moral rights and economic rights in the context of copyright protection for music works produced by AI. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects related to moral and economic rights in the creation of music generated by AI Music Generators. The study also compares copyright regulations in several countries, including Indonesia, the United States, and the European Union, to understand how international and national laws accommodate AI advancements in the music industry. The findings show that, to date, there are no specific regulations governing copyright ownership of AI-created works. This results in legal uncertainty in the distribution of moral and economic rights over AI-generated music. Therefore, legal policy reforms are needed to accommodate AI developments in the music sector while ensuring fairness for creators, AI owners, and music users.
Co-Authors Akbar Hayat, Muzahid Akbar Hayat, Muzahid Alwi, Mohammad Darwati , Darwati Herman, KMS Hidayati Hidayati Listiyani, Nurul Listiyani, Nurul Marwa, Soffa Murtika, Yohanna Nurlaela, Siti Chusnul Nurmawati, Bernadete Ramadan, Tubagus Ahmad Sagalane, Andra Bani Sekararum Utami, Lili Suhendar, Tubagus Ahmad