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All Journal Syifa' MEDIKA: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Journal of the Indonesian Medical Association : Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Prominentia Medical Journal Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy
Gayatri, Anggi
Departemen Farmakologi Dan Terapeutik, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Pengaruh CYP2D6 terhadap Kegagalan Terapi Primakuin pada Malaria Vivaks Layal, Kamalia; Gayatri, Anggi
Syifa'Medika Vol 5, No 1 (2014): Syifa' MEDIKA: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32502/sm.v5i1.1419

Abstract

Malaria vivaks merupakan salah satu jenis malaria yang sering dialami oleh manusia. Infeksi Plasmodium vivaks adalah penyebab dari malaria ini. Spesies ini berbeda dengan plasmodium lainnya karena mempunyai stadium dorman dalam hati manusia yang disebut hipnozoit. Primakuin merupakan satu-satunya obat antimalaria yang mampu mengeliminasi stadium ini. Namun akibat sering timbulnya kegagalan dalam terapi malaria vivaks, mengakibatkan kekambuhan. Kegagalan ini dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah rendahnya aktivitas isoenzim sitokrom P450 yaitu CYP2D6.
Population Pharmacokinetics: Pendekatan Alternatif pada Studi Penggunaan Obat di Indonesia Anggi Gayatri
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy, Volume 1, Edisi 1, 2021
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (187.375 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v1i1.9850

Abstract

ABSTRAKDosis terapi yang tepat dalam pemberian obat akan memberikan efek terapi yang optimal dengan efek samping terendah. Namun, seringkali ketika obat pertama kali dipasarkan belum dapat ditentukan dosis optimal untuk populasi khusus seperti pasien anak, ibu hamil dan menyusui. Salah satu solusi permasalahan ini adalah dengan menerapkan metode farmakometriks, yaitu metode analisis farmakokinetik yang menerapkan konsep matematika, statistic, dan farmakologi untuk menjelaskan hubungan dosis, konsentrasi obat dalam plasma, dan pengaruh faktor kovariat terhadap respons obat. Metode ini dapat diaplikasikan pada seluruh aspek pengembangan dan penggunaan obat. Pendekatan populasi dalam studi farmakokinetik yang banyak digunakan adalah pendekatan nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM). Langkah awal dalam metode ini adalah dengan pembuatan model farmakokinetik yang dilanjutkan dengan evaluasi ketepatan model dengan metode visual menggunakan grafik ataupun secara numerik berdasarkan parameter statistik. Jika sudah didapatkan model terbaik, maka dapat dilakukan simulasi dengan memasukkan berbagai kemungkinan perubahan dosis ataupun perubahan cara penggunaan obat yang lain sehingga dapat diperoleh kadar terapeutik yang sesuai. Salah satu keuntungan menggunakan metode ini adalah relatif murah, tidak dibutuhkan alat laboratorium yang mahal, namun perlu keahlian khusus dalam pengolahan data. Dengan keuntungan tersebut, diharapkan metode ini dapat mulai dikembangkan dan diterapkan di negara-negara berkembang untuk menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan kesehatan. Kata kunci : dosis terapi, farmakokinetik, farmakometriks, populasi khususABSTRACTThe correct therapeutic dose in drug administration will provide optimal therapeutic effects with the lowest side effects. However, it is often when the drugs are marketed for the first time, the optimal dose cannot be determined for special populations such as pediatric patients, pregnant women, and breastfeeding mothers. The solution to this problem is to apply the pharmacometric method, whis is a pharmacokinetic analysis method that applies mathematical, statistical, and pharmacological concepts to explain the relationship between dose, drug concentration in plasma, and the effect of covariate factors on drug response. This method can be applied to all aspects of drug usage and development. The population approach in pharmacokinetic studies that is widely used is the nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM) approach. The first step in this method is to create a pharmacokinetic model followed by evaluation of the accuracy of the model using visual methods using graphs or numerically based on statistical parameters. If the best model has been obtained, a simulation can be carried out by including various possible changes in dosage or changes in the way of using other drugs so that the appropriate therapeutic level can be obtained. One of the advantages of using this method is that it is relatively inexpensive, does not require expensive laboratory equipment, but requires special expertise in data processing. With these advantages, it is hoped that this method can begin to be developed and applied in developing countries to solve various health problems.Key words : therapeutic dose, pharmacokinetic, pharmacometric, special population.
Pengetahuan Orang Tua dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi dengan Pola Swamedikasi Demam pada Anak di DKI Jakarta Rania Fathiya Fadilla; Anggi Gayatri
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 2, No 2 (2022): Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy, Volume 2, Edisi 2, 2022
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v2i2.15796

Abstract

Pandemi COVID-19 telah mengubah pola hidup masyarakat, termasuk pelayanan kesehatan. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan perilaku swamedikasi. Perilaku ini dapat dilakukan oleh orang tua kepada anak, khususnya pada gejala ringan. Namun, dibutuhkan pengetahuan yang baik untuk melakukan swamedikasi dengan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara pola swamedikasi demam anak dengan pengetahuan orang tua. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis cross-sectional secara deskriptif dan analitik. Populasinya merupakan orang tua dengan anak usia di bawah 17 tahun dalam satu sahun terakhir yang berdomisili di DKI Jakarta dan didapat 150 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner online dan analisis data menggunakan chi-square. Berdasarkan analisis, diperoleh hasil antara hubungan pengetahuan-ketepatan obat (p = 0,513), pengetahuan-ketepatan dosis (p = 0,363), dan pengetahuan-ketepatan lama penggunaan (p = 1,000). Faktor-faktor yang bermakna pada hubungan dengan variabel yang diteliti adalah pengalaman pribadi-pemilihan obat (p = 0,033) dan jenis kelamin-dosis (p = 0,012). Prevalensi swamedikasi gejala demam anak pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di wilayah DKI Jakarta sebesar 86,7%. Didapat kesimpulan bahwa tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan orang tua dengan pola swamedikasi. Sebagian besar orang tua di DKI Jakarta memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik dan pola swamedikasi dalam pemilihan obat dan lama penggunaan yang sudah tepat, namun kurang tepat pada pemilihan dosis. 
FARMAKOGENOMIK: PENDEKATAN FARMAKOLOGI MENUJU PERSONALISED MEDICINE Jefman Efendi Marzuki HY; Anggi Gayatri
Bahasa Indonesia Vol 4 No 2 (2023): Prominentia Medical Journal
Publisher : Universitas Ciputra Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37715/pmj.v4i2.4235

Abstract

One of the factors contributing to patient morbidity and death is variable variability in treatment response. Adverse drug responses (ADRs) or subtherapeutic effects are possible in certain patients during medication administration. The genetic variation is one of the many variables that contribute to this condition. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes influence an individual's response to drugs. The goal of pharmacogenomics is to optimise treatment for the patient. It has been established that a number of genes are associated with drug response, which affects both the direct effects of drugs (pharmacodynamics) and their blood levels (pharmacokinetics). Modifications to a medication's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may result in toxicity or lessen its efficacy. In order to increase the precision of pharmacotherapy techniques, this study aims to elucidate the availability of data on genetic variants that are known to affect medication response.
Implikasi Klinis Variasi Jumlah Copy Gen CYP2D6 Gayatri, Anggi; Ascobat, Purwantyastuti; Setiabudy, Rianto
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 3, No 2 (2023): Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy, Volume 3, Edisi 2, 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/halal.v%vi%i.19085

Abstract

Enzim CYP2D6 adalah salah satu varian sitokrom P450 (CYP450) yang berperan dalam metabolisme obat di hati. Isoform ini berperan dalam memetabolisme 25% obat yang saat ini beredar di pasaran. Aktivitas CYP450 dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti usia, jenis kelamin, fungsi organ pemetabolisme, jenis dan derajat penyakit, serta variasi genetik. Salah satu faktor penentu aktivitas CYP2D6 adalah sifat gene CYP2D6 yang sangat polimorfik. Faktor penentu polimorfisme gen CYP2D6 adalah mutasi pada nukleotida tunggal (single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) dan variasi jumlah copy (copy number variation (CNV)) gen CYP2D6. Kejadian mutasi gen dan variasi jumlah copy gen CYP2D6 dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan aktivitas enzim CYP2D6 yang selanjutnya dapat menurunkan atau meningkatkan efikasi obat yang merupakan substrat CYP2D6 ataupun dapat menimbulkan toksisitas obat. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan mutase SNPs gen CYP2D6 dengan efek obat. Dalam tinjauan kali ini akan dibahas mengenai pengaruh variasi jumlah copy (copy number variation) gen CYP2D6 terhadap efek terapi ataupun efek samping obat.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice on antibiotic use in DKI Jakarta during COVID-19 pandemic Andini, Dheanita Nissrina; Gayatri, Anggi; Jonlean, Reganedgary
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.18822

Abstract

Insufficient knowledge of antibiotic use among the general public could lead to antibiotic resistance. As the COVID-19 pandemic might encourage antibiotic self-medication, a study about recent knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) levels on antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic needs to be carried out, including its possible associated factors. It is a cross-sectional study with 420 subjects living in DKI Jakarta and aged 18 or above. A validated KAPAQ questionnaire was used. Chi-square analysis was used to analyze the correlation between KAP levels and its possible associated factors. Most subjects’ score of KAP in antibiotic use were considered high. A statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (p<0.001), knowledge and practice (p<0.001), and between attitude and practice (p<0.001) was found. A statistically significant correlation between gender and occupation fields with KAP (p<0.05), education level with knowledge (p<0.05), and history of self-medication with attitude and practice (p<0.05) were found. Age, marital status, and history of COVID-19 do not show any statistically significant correlation with KAP levels. In conclusion, most subjects have a high score of KAP in antibiotic use. All three variables also show significant correlations between each other while the sociodemographic factors that correlate significantly with KAP levels are gender, occupation field, education level, and history of self-medication with antibiotics.
Potensi Interaksi Obat Tersering pada Pasien Sakit Kritis Abet Nego, Mario; Gayatri, Anggi
Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 73 No 4 (2023): Journal of The Indonesian Medical Association - Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia, Vo
Publisher : PENGURUS BESAR IKATAN DOKTER INDONESIA (PB IDI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47830/jinma-vol.73.4-2023-1036

Abstract

Abstract Patients in critical condition are potentially prone to experiencing drug interactions due to receiving polypharmacy accompanied by complex and dynamic clinical conditions. Drug interactions can decrease drug effectiveness, increase therapeutic responses, or even lead to toxic effects. Factors that can enhance the effects of drug interactions include advanced age, obesity, hypoalbuminemia, polymorphism, sepsis, kidney and liver insufficiency. Therefore, monitoring the potential for drug interactions becomes crucial as it can distinguish whether changes in a patient's condition are caused by drug interactions or the disease process itself. This literature review aims to discuss the potential for drug interactions and the monitoring of interaction effects in critically ill patients.
Macronutrient Intake Among Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Three Referral Hospitals in Indonesia Mariana, Nina; Gayatri, Anggi; Widyahening, Indah Suci; Rosdiana, Ano; Setiawaty, Vivi; Ascobat, Purwantyastuti
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 7 No 5 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i5.6624

Abstract

Poor nutritional status, such as macro- and micronutrient deficiencies, might lead to worse clinical outcomes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. This study aimed to describe the macronutrient intake among MDR-TB patients and then compare those findings with the Indonesian recommended dietary allowance (RDA). A cross-sectional study of MDR-TB outpatients aged 18-65 years treated with the nine- or 18-month regimens at the end of the first month of treatment was conducted. Macronutrient intake data were obtained from a food consumption survey (24-hour food recall) of MDR-TB outpatients that was conducted by interviewing, recording, and then analyzing using NutriSurvey software, and compared with the RDA of the Ministry of Health of Indonesia. There were 63 outpatients with MDR-TB. The mean age was 38 (SD 12) years, and most of the patients were male (58.7%). Nutritional status based on BMI < 18,5 kg/m2 was observed in 43 patients (68.3%). According to the survey, after the end of the first month of MDR-TB treatment, the median (min–max) daily intake of energy was 1386.5 (519.4 – 2963.6) kcal per day, and the mean of protein was 49.6 (SD 23.0) grams per day. The median (min-max) daily intake of fat was 43.0 (1.1-170.6) grams per day, and the mean carbohydrate was 209.16 (87.9) grams per day. The proportions of energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate deficiency were 85,7%, 68,8%, 74,6%, 90,5%, respectively. Macronutrient intake among MDR TB patients in this study was lower than the Indonesian recommended dietary allowance. These findings indicate that additional food intake and dietary counseling are needed in MDR-TB patients in Indonesia.
The Association Between the Knowledge and Self-Medication Practices for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) in the DKI Jakarta Population Nathanael, Kevin; Jonlean, Reganedgary; Gayatri, Anggi
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy Volume 5, Edisi 2, 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v5i2.26022

Abstract

Most upper respiratory infections (URTIs) are caused by viruses and are self-limiting. It is one of the most frequent diseases to be treated with self-medication. Approriate self-medication practices will increase the safety of drug use. These practices need to be supported by a good level of knowledge. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the association between level of knowledge and self-medication practices for URTIs in DKI Jakarta population. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire distributed around DKI Jakarta. The answers given by the subjects in the questionnaire will be used as our primary data, and the sample population was comprised of adult residents of DKI Jakarta. The questionnaire was developed by the study team and had been tested for validity and reliability before being used for data collection9. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts, for collecting demographic data, self-medication patterns and level of knowledge regarding self-medication in URTIs. A Chi Square test was performed to analyze the association between level of knowledge and appropriateness of self-medication practices, with p value = 0.05. A total of 102 participants were analyzed at the end of this study. Information from peers tends to be the source of information for most participants, with 73.5% from friends and neighbors and 84.3% from family members. Only 21.6% of participants sought information from medical professionals. As many as 91.2% of participants took antibiotics to relieve their symptoms of URTI without prescription. Most subjects had an adequate level of knowledge (51%) and only a few subjects had a poor level of knowledge (4.9%). There was no significant association between the level of knowledge and the appropriateness of selecting drugs to treat fever, cough and rhinorrhea in this study. Most of the participants have an adequate level of knowledge on self-medication for URTI symptoms. However, there was no association between level of knowledge and the appropriateness of drug selection and the consumption of antibiotics without doctor prescription is still a common practice
The Association Between the Knowledge and Self-Medication Practices for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) in the DKI Jakarta Population Nathanael, Kevin; Jonlean, Reganedgary; Gayatri, Anggi
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy Volume 5, Edisi 2, 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v5i2.26022

Abstract

Most upper respiratory infections (URTIs) are caused by viruses and are self-limiting. It is one of the most frequent diseases to be treated with self-medication. Approriate self-medication practices will increase the safety of drug use. These practices need to be supported by a good level of knowledge. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the association between level of knowledge and self-medication practices for URTIs in DKI Jakarta population. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire distributed around DKI Jakarta. The answers given by the subjects in the questionnaire will be used as our primary data, and the sample population was comprised of adult residents of DKI Jakarta. The questionnaire was developed by the study team and had been tested for validity and reliability before being used for data collection9. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts, for collecting demographic data, self-medication patterns and level of knowledge regarding self-medication in URTIs. A Chi Square test was performed to analyze the association between level of knowledge and appropriateness of self-medication practices, with p value = 0.05. A total of 102 participants were analyzed at the end of this study. Information from peers tends to be the source of information for most participants, with 73.5% from friends and neighbors and 84.3% from family members. Only 21.6% of participants sought information from medical professionals. As many as 91.2% of participants took antibiotics to relieve their symptoms of URTI without prescription. Most subjects had an adequate level of knowledge (51%) and only a few subjects had a poor level of knowledge (4.9%). There was no significant association between the level of knowledge and the appropriateness of selecting drugs to treat fever, cough and rhinorrhea in this study. Most of the participants have an adequate level of knowledge on self-medication for URTI symptoms. However, there was no association between level of knowledge and the appropriateness of drug selection and the consumption of antibiotics without doctor prescription is still a common practice
Co-Authors Abet Nego, Mario Andini, Dheanita Nissrina Ascobat, Purwantyastuti Indah S. Widyahening Jefman Efendi Marzuki HY Jonlean, Reganedgary Layal, Kamalia Nathanael, Kevin Nina Mariana, Nina Rania Fathiya Fadilla Rianto Setiabudy Rosdiana, Ano Vivi Setiawaty