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SISTEM PERADILAN MAHKAMAH PELAYARAN DALAM MEMUJUDKAN KEADILAN DI INDONESIA Gradios Nyoman Tio Rae; Petrus Bramandaru
SETARA : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 2, No 1 (2019): SETARA : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Bung Karno

Secara geografis Negara Republik Indonesia terletak pada posisi yang cukup strategis yang menjadikan Republik Indonesia menjadi salah satu kawasan perdagangan yang penting di Asia Tenggara. Posisi strategis akan pelabuhan-pelabuhan laut di Indonesia memberikan gambaran bahwa sejak lama sudah ada jalur-jalur pelayaran internasional melalui Indonesia. Sehingga perairan Indonesia dikatakan merupakan perairan yang sibuk dengan aktifitas pelayaran baik antar pulau maupun Internasional. Mahkamah Pelayaran Indonesia merupakan suatu lembaga khusus yang berfungsi untuk melakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan ketika terjadi kecelakaan kapal. Mahkamah Pelayaran memiliki fungsi untuk melaksanakan pemeriksaan lanjutan atas kecelakaan kapal dan menegakkan kode etik profesi serta kompetensi Nahkoda dan/atau perwira kapal setelah pemeriksaan Syahbandar. Sistem peradilan Mahkamah Pelayaran diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran pada Pasal 250 sampai dengan 255. Sedangkan jika dilihat dari tugas dan fungsi dan kewenangan yang diembannya selama ini. Di tinjau dari aspek kelembagaannya Mahkamah Pelayaran berasa di bawah naungan Kementerian Perhubungan. Hal ini ditegaskan dalam suatu Keputusan Menteri, yakni Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor: PM/U/1974 tanggal 6 Agustus 1974 yang menyatakan dalam Pasal 1 sebagai berikut: “Bahwa Mahkamah Pelayaran adalah Suatu Badan peradilan Administratif di Lingkungan Kementerian Perhubungan yang berdiri sendiri sesuai dengan Peraturan perundang-undangan. Penegakan hukum dalam peradilan Mahkamah Pelayaran yang berkeadilan di Indonesia terdapat berbagai persoalan-persoalan yang harus diselesaikan menyangkut dunia maritim atau pelayaran.

Tinjauan Yuridis Hukum Perlindungan Anak Terhadap Pelaku Kejahatan Seksual Terhadap Anak Di Indonesia Yusuf H Hemuto; Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan; Gradios Nyoman Tio Rae
SETARA : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 4, No 1 (2023): SETARA : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Bung Karno

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59017/setara.v4i1.411

Perkembangan pidana denda sebagai sanksi yang modern dan humanistis telah mendapatkan perhatian dunia, disebabkan penggunaan sanksi penjara mulai mencapai titik jenuh. Karena tidak mengurangi kejahatan, bahkan kejahatan semakin bertambah. Sementara penggunaan pemidanaan dengan pendekatan pembalasan melalui sstem penjara tidak memberikan solusi yang memuaskan. Pidanan denda atau penjara mendapatkan perhatian untuk yang semakin menarik untuk diteliti, ditelaah, guna pencapaian tujuan pemidanaan pada masyarakat modern. Dalam konteks perlindungan terhadap anak, terutama sanksi kebiri kimia bagi pelaku kejahatan seksual terhadap anak, sangat menarik untuk dibahas dewasa ini. Pengebirian kimia itu sendiri berfungsi sebagai metode sterilisasi, mengurangi libido seksual pelaku dan pengobatan untuk kondisi medis tertentu serta tujuan yang ingin dicapai yaitu retribution, deterrence, (pencegahan), incapacitation (ketidakmampuan), rehabilitation (rehabilitasi). Pakar kriminolog berpendapat jika tujuan dimaksud tidak dicapai secara keseluruhan, maka masih dianggap lebih baik daripada memberlakukan hukum penjara. Dalam tinjauan yuridisnya, setelah mengalami berbagai perubahan dari tahun ketahun, lahirlah Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 dimana untuk perlindungan terhadap anak terdapat pasal 81, 82 serta pasal 81A yang memperberat sanksi bagi pelaku kejahatan seksual terhadap anak yakni hukuman mati, penjara seumur hidup maksimal 20 tahun penjara. Peratuaran ini juga mengatur tiga sanksi yaitu tindakan kebiri kimia, pengumuman identitas ke public serta pemasangan alat deteksi elektronik. Langkah pemerintah dalam kebijakannya membuat peraturan tentang perlindungan anak ini, perlu diapresiasi sebagai upaya membangun sistem hukum nasional Indonesia kearah yang lebih baik. Upaya ini merupakan usaha untuk menjamin perlindungan hukum kepada setiap warga Negara tak terkecuali anak. Anak adalah asset bangsa, oleh karena itu kesejahteraan terhadap anak harus ditingkatkan. Kata Kunci : kejahatan seksual, perlindungan anak, kebiri kimia

Legal Protection of Health Workers on the Installation of Mechanical Ventilation of Covid-19 Patients in Hospitals Suwito Suwito; Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan; Gradios Nyoman Tio Rae
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Vol. 5 No. 05 (2024): Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains
Publisher : CV. Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i05.1121

Corona Virus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) is a disease that causes an epidemic with a high number of deaths and morbidity in Indonesia. Covid-19 sufferers often experience respiratory failure, so they need to receive mechanical ventilation assistance. This research aims to find out the rules for legal protection for health workers in the act of installing mechanical ventilation for Covid-19 patients in hospitals and to find out the implementation of legal protection. This type of research is normative juridical based on a legal approach. Data collection is based on literature study, taken from legislation, research results and literature books. The results of the research found that the provision of health services was carried out responsibly, safely, of good quality and evenly and non-discriminatory. The position faced by medical personnel or health workers is sometimes problematic because installing mechanical ventilators for Covid-19 patients from a criminal law perspective is a mistake if it is done outside of their authority, even though the medical personnel or health workers are dealing with the function and task of carrying out actions. for patient safety which is of course tied to the Hippocratic Oath as an ethical and moral basis. The suggestion in this research is that the government must provide legal protection to medical personnel whose rights are not fulfilled by policy organizers, even though their obligations have been fulfilled by health personnel.

Legal Protection of Health Workers on the Installation of Mechanical Ventilation of Covid-19 Patients in Hospitals Suwito Suwito; Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan; Gradios Nyoman Tio Rae
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Vol. 5 No. 05 (2024): Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains
Publisher : CV. Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i05.1121

Corona Virus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) is a disease that causes an epidemic with a high number of deaths and morbidity in Indonesia. Covid-19 sufferers often experience respiratory failure, so they need to receive mechanical ventilation assistance. This research aims to find out the rules for legal protection for health workers in the act of installing mechanical ventilation for Covid-19 patients in hospitals and to find out the implementation of legal protection. This type of research is normative juridical based on a legal approach. Data collection is based on literature study, taken from legislation, research results and literature books. The results of the research found that the provision of health services was carried out responsibly, safely, of good quality and evenly and non-discriminatory. The position faced by medical personnel or health workers is sometimes problematic because installing mechanical ventilators for Covid-19 patients from a criminal law perspective is a mistake if it is done outside of their authority, even though the medical personnel or health workers are dealing with the function and task of carrying out actions. for patient safety which is of course tied to the Hippocratic Oath as an ethical and moral basis. The suggestion in this research is that the government must provide legal protection to medical personnel whose rights are not fulfilled by policy organizers, even though their obligations have been fulfilled by health personnel.

Tinjauan Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Inovasi Teknologi Digital dalam Kerangka Hak Paten di Indonesia yang Berkepastian Hukum Mierza Darsya Putra; Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan; Gradios Nyoman Tio Rae
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 6 No 4 (2025): Tema Hukum Perdata dan Kenotariatan
Publisher : CV Rewang Rencang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v6i4.2113

The development of digital technology innovation in the era of globalization has posed new challenges in the intellectual property rights (IPR) protection system in Indonesia, especially in the field of patent rights. The legal problems that arise are related to the gap between das sollen and das sein, namely between the legal norms that govern patent protection and practices in the field that often face implementation obstacles. The absence of regulations that detail the unique characteristics of digital innovations, such as software-based inventions or algorithms, creates a legal vacuum. This has an impact on the weak legal certainty for inventors who need patent protection as a guarantee of ownership as well as an instrument for commercialization of their intellectual works. This study uses normative juridical research methods with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Research data was obtained through a literature review of related laws, court decisions, and academic sources from legal books and journals. The analysis was carried out by examining the synchronization between Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents, Government Regulation Number 46 of 2020, and international legal instruments such as the TRIPS Agreement. The results of the study show that legal protection of digital technology innovations in the framework of patent rights in Indonesia still faces obstacles, both in terms of legal, institutional, and law enforcement substance. Existing regulations have not fully accommodated the need for digital innovation protection which is rapidly changing and borderless. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the need to update patent regulations to be more responsive to digital technology developments, as well as strengthening law enforcement mechanisms to ensure certainty and justice for inventors.

Legal Protection for Victims of Crime with Forced Defense According to Law Number 1 of 2023 of the Criminal Code Anggraeni Puspitarini; Didik Suhariyanto; Gradios Nyoman Tio Rae
Fox Justi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 16 No. 01 (2026): Fox justi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : SEAN Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Law enforcement often shows inconsistencies, where victims of crimes who commit forced defense (Noodweer) can actually become suspects or defendants who cause legal uncertainty and a sense of injustice. This study aims to analyze legal protection and legal justice for victims who are also perpetrators of forced defense crimes. This study specifically highlights Decision Number 1225/ Pid.B /2020/PN- Jkt.Sel , where a wife who stabbed her husband in a situation of threat of physical and verbal violence was sentenced to 4 years in prison for alleged persecution that caused death (Article 351 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Code). The Panel of Judges argued that the defendant's actions could not be categorized as forced self-defense. The research method used is normative juridical law using legislative, conceptual, analytical, and case approaches. The scope of this research is legal protection for victims of criminal acts who commit forced defense (Noodweer) in the perspective of the old Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the new Criminal Code (especially Articles 34 and 43). The results of the study show that the defendant's actions were carried out because of force and there was a mental shock constituting a forced defense (noodweer ). The conclusion is that there is a reason for the pardon and the defendant should not be subject to criminal charges as specified in Article 49 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code.

Legal Certainty Of The Application Of The Systematic Lex Specialis Principle In Indonesian Criminal Tax Law Eli Saat; Dewi Iryani; Gradios Nyoman Tio Rae
Ilmu Hukum Prima (IHP) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL ILMU HUKUM PRIMA
Publisher : jurnal.unprimdn.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/jihp.v9i1.7769

This study examines legal certainty in applying the lex specialis systematicis principle within Indonesian criminal tax law. As a branch of special criminal law (bijzonder strafrecht), tax law faces enforcement issues due to overlap and potential conflict with general criminal provisions in the KUHP. The principle asserts that a rule is “special” if designated by the legislator or if it deviates from other specific norms, ensuring tax law is applied within clear legal boundaries. The research uses a juridical-normative method with statutory and conceptual approaches. It analyzes relevant legislation on taxation and general criminal law, alongside legal doctrines, expert opinions, and court decisions. Findings show that Indonesian criminal tax law possesses systematic specificity, meaning tax provisions should take precedence over general criminal rules in handling tax offenses. This applies to both substantive and procedural aspects, including offense classification, sanctions, and mechanisms such as limited reverse burden of proof. However, debate persists بشأن whether criminal tax law fully qualifies as special criminal law and whether the lex specialis systematicis principle applies absolutely. Legal certainty remains challenged by inconsistent interpretation and application. The study concludes that stronger legal harmonization and consistent jurisprudence are required to ensure clarity, fairness, and reliability in tax law enforcement.

Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Platform Marketplace atas Penjualan Barang Palsu dan Dampaknya terhadap Perlindungan Konsumen Agung Prabowo Widyasaputro; Dewi Iryani; Gradios Nyoman Tio Rae
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 7 No 4 (2026): Tema Hukum Perdata dan Kenotariatan
Publisher : Himpunan Ilmu Hukum dan Ilmu Hukum Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v7i4.3244

The advancement of the digital era has driven the rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia; however, it has also led to negative impacts, such as the widespread circulation of counterfeit goods on marketplace platforms. Furthermore, there is a normative inconsistency between the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, which applies the Safe Harbor Policy doctrine to limit platform liability and the Consumer Protection Law, which mandates that business actors be held liable for consumer losses. This research aims to: (1) analyze the legal liability of marketplaces regarding the circulation of counterfeit goods and (2) analyze the harmonization of regulations between the Safe Harbor Policy and the obligation for compensation under the Consumer Protection Law. The method employed is descriptive-normative legal research with a statutory approach, utilizing secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that marketplaces possess a "duty of care" as digital ecosystem providers, even though they are not the direct sellers. Therefore, regulatory synchronization between the ITE Law, the Consumer Protection Law and the Trademark Law is essential to ensure that the Safe Harbor Policy is not exploited, particularly in cases of negligence in performing due diligence toward sellers.

Perbuatan Melawan Hukum oleh Oknum PPAT dalam Jual Beli Tanah di Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 M. Harminto; Dewi Iryani; Gradios Nyoman Tio Rae
Jurnal Inovasi Global Vol. 4 No. 8 (2026): Jurnal Inovasi Global
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jig.v4i8.596

Eskalasi pertumbuhan ekonomi dan lonjakan nilai komersial atas tanah secara simultan meningkatkan potensi sengketa pertanahan, khususnya yang bersumber dari tindakan melawan hukum dalam transaksi jual beli. Notaris/Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) memegang peranan sentral dalam memformulasi akta otentik demi merealisasikan kepastian serta perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak. Namun, dalam realitas praktis, kerap dijumpai penyalahgunaan wewenang maupun kelalaian dari oknum PPAT, seperti penerbitan Akta Jual Beli (AJB) tanpa sepengetahuan, izin, maupun kehadiran fisik pemilik sah hak atas tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualifikasi perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oknum PPAT ditinjau dari kerangka KUHP (UU No. 1 Tahun 1946) serta mengkaji konstruksi pertanggungjawaban hukum dan mekanisme perlindungan bagi pihak yang dirugikan atas terbitnya AJB cacat hukum melalui studi kasus Putusan PN Jakarta Timur Nomor 347/Pdt.G/2017/PN.Jkt.Tim. Penelitian hukum normatif (yuridis normatif) ini menerapkan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Bahan hukum sekunder yang mencakup bahan primer, sekunder, dan tersier dihimpun melalui penelusuran pustaka dan dokumentasi, lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Temuan penelitian mengindikasikan: (1) Tindakan oknum PPAT yang mencatut identitas, memalsukan tanda tangan, atau memproses pembuatan akta tanpa kehadiran penjual sah memenuhi unsur tindak pidana dalam UU No. 1 Tahun 1946 (KUHP), antara lain Pasal 263/264 (Pemalsuan Surat/Akta Otentik) dan Pasal 372/378 (Penggelapan/Penipuan), serta secara keperdataan terbukti melanggar Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata; (2) Bentuk tanggung jawab oknum PPAT meliputi ranah perdata (kewajiban ganti rugi), administratif (sanksi teguran hingga pemberhentian tidak hormat oleh BPN), dan pidana. Akibat hukum terhadap AJB yang didasari perbuatan melawan hukum tersebut adalah batal demi hukum/cacat hukum, sehingga hak kepemilikan tanah dipulihkan kepada pemilik sah demi mewujudkan prinsip keadilan hakiki (justice as fairness).

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