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Musataklima Musataklima, Musataklima
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KEWENANGAN PERADILAN NEGERI DI BIDANG PERBANKAN SYARIAH STUDI PASAL 55 UU NO. 21 TAHUN 2008 Musataklima, Musataklima
Al-Mawarid Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol 11, No 1 (2010): Penerapan Syariah dalam Aspek Ekonomi dan Hukum Keluarga di Indonesia
Publisher : Islamic University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Theoretically between one court to another court split on the basis of jurisdiction (court separation system based on jurisdictions), in Article 55 of the Act No. 21 of 2008 has caused the intersection of two judicial authority of religious courts and public justice in sharia banking dispute. Why is this happening. According to the author of one of the reasons is the assessment stems from mistrust to unpreparedness and religious courts in resolving disputes shariah banking. Judicially Article 55 of the Act No. 21 of 2008 does not contradict horizontally with Article 49 of the Act No. 3 of 2006 and vertically not consistent with the Constitution of 1945. Solutions to the authority of sharia banking dispute settlement is to the exclusion of common justice to the logic of "Sertificate Property Rights which came first can not be undone by a certificate of ownership that comes later for the same object", and with the logic of lex specialis derogat leg generalis.
Self-Declare Halal Products for Small and Micro Enterprises: Between Ease of Doing Business and Assurance of Consumer Spiritual Rights/Self Declare Produk Halal Usaha Kecil Mikro: Antara Kemudahan Berusaha dan Jaminan Hak Spiritual Konsumen Musataklima, Musataklima
De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari'ah Vol 13, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j-fsh.v13i1.11308

Abstract

AbstractLaw Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation has a crucial impact on Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee, namely Article 4A "halal statement" as the basis for halal certification obligations for micro and small business actors. This paper aims to test the constitutionality of Article 4A, which discusses the constitutional basis of halal products as the constitutional rights of Indonesian Muslim consumers and examines the constitutionality of Article 4A itself. Based on the study results, it can be seen, and firstly, those halal products are the constitutional rights of Muslim consumers, which the 1945 Constitution gives as part of the right to religion because halal products are related to Allah SWT. After all, as His commandments, the constitutional rights of these halal products can be said to be spiritual rights. Second, Article 4A is out of sync with the constitution so that it is thus unconstitutional and has no power to apply based on the lex superior derogat legi inferiori principle. In addition, it does not have the legitimacy to be considered a law because it does not meet the minimum threshold of morality criteria introduced by Lon L. Fuller. The unconstitutionality of Article 4A has a severe impact on the legal uncertainty of protecting Muslim consumers from accessing halal products as their spiritual right.Keyword: halal statement; consumer protection; undang-undang cipta kerjaAbstrakUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja berdampak krusial terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal, yaitu Pasal 4A “pernyataan halal” sebagai dasar kewajiban sertifikasi halal bagi pelaku usaha mikro dan kecil. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menguji konstitusionalitas Pasal 4A yang membahas tentang dasar konstitusional kehalalan produk sebagai hak konstitusional konsumen muslim Indonesia dan mengkaji konstitusionalitas Pasal 4A itu sendiri. Berdasarkan hasil kajian dapat diketahui, pertama, produk halal tersebut merupakan hak konstitusional konsumen muslim, yang diberikan oleh UUD 1945 sebagai bagian dari hak beragama karena produk halal berkaitan dengan Allah SWT. Lagi pula, sebagai perintah-Nya, hak konstitusional produk halal tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai hak spiritual. Kedua, Pasal 4A tidak sinkron dengan konstitusi sehingga inkonstitusional dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan untuk diterapkan berdasarkan asas lex superior derogat legi inferiori. Selain itu, tidak memiliki legitimasi untuk dianggap sebagai undang-undang karena tidak memenuhi ambang batas minimum kriteria moralitas yang diperkenalkan oleh Lon L. Fuller. Inkonstitusionalitas Pasal 4A berdampak parah pada ketidakpastian hukum untuk melindungi konsumenSKeyword: pernyataan halal; perlindungan konsumen; undang-undang cipta kerja
Konstitusionalisasi Perlindungan Konsumen Perspektif Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Profetik Islam Musataklima, Musataklima; Syamsudin, M; Sulistiyono, Adi
Jurnal HAM Vol 14, No 2 (2023): August Edition
Publisher : Badan Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan HAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30641/ham.2023.14.137-154

Abstract

People are ipso facto consumers. People, as consumers, have rights that must be protected by law. As human beings, consumers have rights that must be protected, respected, fulfilled, and advanced by the state. However, current consumer protection could be more effective and stronger, as evidenced by many consumer complaints to the National Consumer Protection Agency. (BPKN). This is also due to the weak legal instruments of consumer protection that need to be burned into the country’s constitution. Based on this, the study aims to analyze the urgency of constitutionalizing consumer protection from the perspective of human rights and prophetic Islamic law. The research method used is the study of doctrinal law with conceptual and legislative approaches. The data used is secondary data, i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through the study of libraries and online searching (internet searching), surfing, and downloading, and subsequently analysed qualitatively. As for the results of this study, the first constitutionalization of consumer protection from a human rights perspective can guarantee the fulfillment of the right to life as a fundamental human right and can be an instrumentation of the fulfillment of a right to a decent and safe standard of living to be consumed. Second, from the perspective of prophetic law, the constitutionalization of protection can empower public authorities to fulfill, respect, implement, and enforce consumer protection, thus realizing the liberation and humanization of consumers from unfair and fraudulent trade.
Ulul Albab’s Paradigm Approach to Post-Conventional Legal Culture of Consumers in Indonesia Al Munawar, Faishal Agil; Firdaus, Dwi Hidayatul; Musataklima, Musataklima
Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 18 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/fiatjustisia.v18no3.3508

Abstract

Consumer empowerment in Indonesia, continues to require improvement despite the enactment of Consumer Protection Law Number 8 of 1999, twenty-three years ago. This situation raises questions about why consumer empowerment remains low, its implications for consumer protection, and strategies for reconstruction based on the principles of Ulul Albab. The ulul albab approach to understanding consumer culture and consumer protection in Indonesia emphasizes the importance of integrating knowledge, ethics, and spiritual values. Ulul albab is an Islamic concept referring to individuals who possess deep understanding, wisdom, and critical thinking abilities and who connect rational thought with spiritual awareness. From the ulul albab perspective, consumer culture is viewed not only from a materialistic standpoint or the fulfillment of worldly needs but also from moral and spiritual dimensions. To explore these inquiries, a socio-legal research methodology that integrates sociological, statutory, and conceptual approaches is utilized. Legal materials, including primary, secondary, and tertiary references, contribute to both primary and secondary data. The research findings highlight several critical points. Firstly, the limited empowerment in Indonesia's consumer legal culture is the government's temporary emphasis on consumer education, primarily through socialization. Furthermore, there is a disparity between consumer protection institutions and public, exacerbated by the concentration of LPKSM in urban areas where advocacy often supersedes efforts aimed at empowerment. Secondly, the impact of a weak consumer legal culture on consumer protection is evident in insufficient measures for consumers to safeguard themselves, both preventatively and correctively. Thirdly, the proposed reconstruction of Indonesia's consumer legal culture based on the Ulul Albab paradigm aims to empower consumers through tarbiyah ulul albab, cultivating individuals with comprehensive knowledge, strong moral values, and a robust social conscience.
COMMUNITY BANK AS THE PHILOSOPHICAL RATIO LEGIS BEHIND THE PROHIBITION OF ISLAMIC RURAL BANKS FROM OFFERING DIRECT DEBIT IN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT RULINGS: Impacts and Solutions in The Digital Financial Era Kadir, Abdul; Musataklima, Musataklima
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Vol 15, No 2 (2024): Jurisdictie
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v15i2.26582

Abstract

The unequal legal treatment between Commercial Banks (CB) and Rural Banks (BPR) in providing direct debit services has prompted some parties to file a judicial review of the Banking Law with the Constitutional Court (MK). Through Decision Number 32/PUU-XX/2023, the MK rejected the petition, reasoning that BPR/BPRS are community banks. This study aims to uncover the ratio legis of the community bank concept, the impact of prohibiting direct debit services on Islamic Community Banks amidst the development of Islamic fintech and the National Non-Cash Movement (GNNT), and the collaboration between Islamic Community Banks and Islamic fintech as a sustainability strategy. This is doctrinal legal research using case and statutory approaches, relying on primary and secondary legal materials obtained through library research and analyzed prescriptively. The study reveals that the prohibition of direct debit services for Islamic community banks is based on concerns about undermining their philosophical function to serve economically disadvantaged groups. The limitations and restrictions on payment transaction services have hindered the optimal performance of Islamic community banks in serving the public, particularly micro and small enterprises, thereby affecting sustainable national economic growth. Nevertheless, Islamic community banks can sustain their operations in the digital finance era by collaborating with Islamic fintech lending platforms to enhance their service offerings. Perbedaan perlakuan hukum antara Bank Umum (BU) dan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) dalam penyediaan layanan direct debit mendorong sejumlah pihak untuk mengajukan uji materi terhadap Undang-Undang Perbankan ke Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK). Melalui Putusan Nomor 32/PUU-XX/2023, MK menolak permohonan tersebut dengan alasan bahwa BPR/BPRS adalah bank komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap ratio legis dari konsep bank komunitas, dampak pelarangan layanan direct debit pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) di tengah perkembangan fintech syariah dan Gerakan Nasional Non-Tunai (GNNT), serta kolaborasi antara BPRS dengan fintech syariah sebagai strategi keberlanjutan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal dengan pendekatan kasus dan perundang-undangan, menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi pustaka dan dianalisis secara preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelarangan layanan direct debit bagi BPRS didasarkan pada kekhawatiran akan melemahkan fungsi filosofis mereka untuk melayani kelompok ekonomi lemah. Pembatasan dan larangan pada layanan transaksi pembayaran telah menghambat kinerja optimal BPRS dalam melayani masyarakat, khususnya usaha mikro dan kecil, sehingga memengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional yang berkelanjutan. Meski demikian, BPRS dapat mempertahankan operasinya di era keuangan digital dengan berkolaborasi bersama platform pinjaman fintech syariah untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan mereka.
Analysis of The Effect of Insufficient Community Engagement in Land Registration Through The Lens of Sunaryati Hartono's Typology of Legal Culture Tustasari, Rensa Dwi; Musataklima, Musataklima
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/bhumi.v10i1.748

Abstract

Abstract: This research discusses the factors that cause low community participation in land registration in Sukoanyar Village and the impacts caused, as well as efforts made by the village government to improve land registration. We employ a juridical sociological research method, examining actual community situations to gather necessary facts and data. The findings demonstrated that Sukoanyar Village's low land registration phenomenon remains rooted in a pre-conventional legal culture. This is evident in the community's local customs, which include the conviction that they possess physical control over their land, negating the need for a certificate, their egocentric interests, and their disinterest in government land registration initiatives. The low interest of the community in registering land has several impacts on the certainty of their land rights, including uncertainty of ownership, proneness to disputes, and limited utilization of land ownership rights. In response to this phenomenon, the Sukoanyar Village government made several efforts to improve land registration in the village, including (a) conducting extension and socialization activities involving all villagers to increase public understanding of the importance of land certification and (b) participating in the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program conducted by the government through ATR/BPN. Keywords: Community Participation, Land Registration, Legal Culture, Land Certificate.
NADZAR AS AN EFFORT TO GAIN PROFIT AND ITS IDEAL IMPLEMENTATION IN AL-QARDH FINANCING IN ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Parmujianto, Parmujianto; Musataklima, Musataklima
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Vol 16, No 1 (2025): Jurisdictie
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v16i1.32557

Abstract

Qardh, or interest-free lending, is one of the financial instruments employed by Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). However, in contemporary practice, a phenomenon has emerged involving the use of the nadzar (vow) concept as a means of gaining profit, fundamentally contradicting the intrinsic nature of al-Qardh. This study examines the integration between al-Qardh and nadzar, its legal foundation, juridical consequences, and an ideal model of implementation within IFI practices. The research employs an empirical legal method with a sociological approach, collecting primary data through interviews with informants and relevant stakeholders and secondary data through document and literature studies. All data were analysed using a qualitative-descriptive approach. The findings indicate that nadzar can be voluntarily and temporarily combined within the al-Qardh scheme based on interpretations of the DSN-MUI fatwa that permits non-binding profit arrangements. Although nadzar is not legally binding, it holds a morally binding force as a religious commitment from the customer. Ideally, this model should be applied to productive rather than consumptive financing, with returns contingent upon the success of the financed venture rather than the mere disbursement of funds. This study offers practical contributions to the development of innovative and Sharia-compliant financing schemes while also enriching the theoretical discourse on legal engineering in Islamic economics. Qardh, atau pinjaman tanpa bunga, merupakan salah satu instrumen keuangan yang digunakan oleh Lembaga Keuangan Islam (LKI). Namun, dalam praktik kontemporer, muncul fenomena penggunaan konsep nadzar (janji) sebagai sarana untuk memperoleh keuntungan, yang secara fundamental bertentangan dengan sifat intrinsik al-Qardh. Penelitian ini mengkaji integrasi antara al-Qardh dan nadzar, landasan hukumnya, konsekuensi yuridisnya, serta model ideal implementasinya dalam praktik IFI. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologis, mengumpulkan data primer melalui wawancara dengan informan dan pemangku kepentingan terkait, serta data sekunder melalui studi dokumen dan literatur. Semua data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa nadzar dapat secara sukarela dan sementara diintegrasikan dalam skema al-Qardh berdasarkan interpretasi fatwa DSN-MUI yang memperbolehkan pengaturan keuntungan yang tidak mengikat. Meskipun nadzar tidak mengikat secara hukum, ia memiliki kekuatan mengikat secara moral sebagai komitmen agama dari pelanggan. Idealnya, model ini harus diterapkan pada pembiayaan produktif daripada konsumtif, dengan pengembalian bergantung pada kesuksesan usaha yang dibiayai daripada sekadar pencairan dana. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi praktis bagi pengembangan skema pembiayaan inovatif dan sesuai syariah, sekaligus memperkaya diskursus teoretis tentang rekayasa hukum dalam ekonomi Islam.
Authority Of The Commercial Court In Business Competition Cases Post Law No. 11 Of 2020 On Job Creation Musataklima, Musataklima
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 3 No. 2 December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol3.iss2.art3

Abstract

The enactment of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation has had an impact on existing laws. One of the affected laws is Law No. 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. The formulation of the problems that will be discussed in this paper is a). How is the existing condition of the authority of the Commercial Court to appeal the KPPU’s decision after the Job Creation Law? b). what is the prospect of bringing cases before the Commercial Court on monopoly and business competition cases after the Job Creation Law? This research uses normative research with a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and a philosophical approach.  Based on the discussion, it can be concluded that, firstly, the existing authority of the Commercial Court’s continues to expand. Currently it is believed to settle the objection cases to the KPPU’s decision through the Job Creation Law. The Commercial Court can examine the formal pleadings and material facts that form the basis of the KPPU’s decision, so that the Commercial Court is not limited in time to complete it. Second, the prospect of the Commercial Court’s authority in cases of unfair business competition is determined by two factors, namely internal factors in the form of the existing condition of the current authority specifically in the field of economic law issues, and the condition of human resources who have been selected and trained and experienced in resolving economic law cases. External factors including (a) the development of the business economy which is increasingly complex and requires an effective, efficient and neutral settlement agency, and the KPPU theoretically has not been able to guarantee a fair process in the settlement of the business competition case because it includes the authority to investigate, investigate, prosecute and adjudicate.Keywords: Authority; Commercial Court; Prospect; Business Competition LawsKewenangan Pengadilan Niaga dalam Kasus Persaingan Usaha Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta KerjaAbstrakPemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja berdampak pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Salah satu undang-undang yang terdampak adalah UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Rumusan masalah yang dibahas dalam makalah ini adalah a). bagaimana kewenangan Pengadilan Niaga saat ini untuk mengajukan banding atas putusan KPPU pasca berlakunya UU Cipta Kerja? b). bagaimana prospek permohonan kasus monopoli dan persaingan usaha ke Pengadilan Niaga setelah berlakunya UU Cipta Kerja? Penelitian normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan filosofis. Berdasarkan pembahasan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa, pertama, kewenangan yang ada dari Pengadilan Niaga saat ini terus berkembang. Saat ini, adalah diyakini bahwa penyelesaian kasus keberatan atas putusan KPPU dapat dilakukan berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja. Pengadilan Niaga dapat memeriksa dalil-dalil formil dan fakta materiil yang menjadi dasar putusan KPPU sehingga Pengadilan Niaga tidak dibatasi waktu untuk menyelesaikannya. Kedua, prospek kewenangan Pengadilan Niaga dalam perkara persaingan usaha tidak sehat ditentukan oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor internal berupa kondisi yang ada dari kewenangan saat ini khususnya di bidang hukum ekonomi dan kondisi sumber daya manusia yang telah dipilih dan dilatih serta berpengalaman dalam menyelesaikan kasus-kasus hukum ekonomi. Di samping itu, terdapat faktor-faktor eksternal antara lain (a) perkembangan ekonomi bisnis yang semakin kompleks dan membutuhkan lembaga penyelesaian yang efektif, efisien, dan netral, serta KPPU secara teoretis belum dapat menjamin proses yang adil dalam penyelesaian kasus persaingan usaha karena meliputi kewenangan untuk menyelidiki, menyidik, menunutut, dan mengadili.Kata Kunci: Kewenangan; Pengadilan Niaga; Prospek; Hukum Persaingan Usaha
THE IMPACT OF THE LIQUIDATION OF THE QUASI-JUDICIAL INSTITUTION OF THE CONSUMER DISPUTE RESOLUTION BODY ON CONSUMERS’ ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND ITS REORGANISATION EFFORTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SIYASAH SYAR’IYAH Jannani, Nur; Yasin, Noer; Musataklima, Musataklima
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Vol 15, No 1 (2024): Jurisdictie
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v15i1.26564

Abstract

The Consumer Dispute Settlement Body (BPSK) is authorised to settle consumer disputes located at the district and/or city level. However, following the enactment of Law No. 23/2014 on Local Government (Local Government Law), BPSK was dissolved and transferred to the provincial level. This study aims to determine the causes of BPSK dissolution, its impact on access to justice for consumers and its reorganisation efforts so that it contributes to consumer protection. The research is empirical legal research with a sociological juridical approach. The primary and secondary data were analysed prescriptively. The research results show that the transformation of management and authority to form BPSK from district and/or city governments to provinces by the Regional Government Law resulted in the existence of BPSK in districts and/or cities having to be liquidated. This has implications for limited consumer access to obtain justice. The recommendation from this research is that the government needs to reorganise the legal position of BPSK by returning BPSK's position to districts and/or cities. This can be achieved through legal politics based on siyasah syar'iyah. This article can be a basic reference for the development of consumer dispute resolution institutions based on consumer protection.Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) adalah lembaga yang berwenang menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen yang berada di tingkat kabupaten dan/atau kota. Namun setelah disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah (UU Pemerintahan Daerah), BPSK dibubarkan dan dipindahkan ke tingkat provinsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab pembubaran BPSK, dampaknya terhadap akses keadilan bagi konsumen dan upaya reorganisasinya sehingga berkontribusi terhadap perlindungan konsumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder yang dianalisis secara preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peralihan kepengurusan dan kewenangan pembentukan BPSK dari pemerintah kabupaten dan/atau kota kepada provinsi berdasarkan Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Daerah mengakibatkan keberadaan BPSK di kabupaten dan/atau kota harus dilikuidasi. Hal ini berimplikasi pada terbatasnya akses konsumen untuk memperoleh keadilan. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah pemerintah perlu menata kembali kedudukan hukum BPSK dengan mengembalikan kedudukan BPSK kepada kabupaten dan/atau kota. Hal ini dapat dicapai melalui politik hukum berdasarkan siyasah syar'iyah. Artikel ini dapat menjadi acuan dasar bagi pengembangan lembaga penyelesaian sengketa konsumen yang berbasis perlindungan konsumen.
Co-Authors Abdul Kadir Adi Sulistiyono Dwi Hidayatul Firdaus, Dwi Hidayatul Faishal Agil Al Munawar M Syamsudin Noer Yasin Nur Jannani Parmujianto, Parmujianto Tustasari, Rensa Dwi