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Senjata Api dan Maskulinitas dalam Cerita Pendek â€œThe Man Who was Almost A Manâ€ Merdeka, Pita
Buletin Al-Turas Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Buletin Al-Turas
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

AbstrakMaskulinitas adalah bagian dari kajian gender. Untuk memahami maskulinitas, kita perlu mengidentifikasi laki-laki sebagai pusat dari kajian ini dari beberapa aspek. Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai hubungan kepemilikan senjata sebagai simbol dari pencapaian maskulinitas laki-laki. Kemudian dalam artikel juga mengungkapkan mengenai berbagai macam sumber dan karya sastra bahwa memiliki senjata bisa memberikan kesan kekuatan dan maskulinitas (kelaki-lakian). Cerpen dengan judul â€œThe Man Who Was Almost a Manâ€ adalah contoh karya sastra yang mengambarkan kepemilikan senjata api sebagai sesuatu hal yang mendukung atau memberikan kemaskulinitasan pada laki-laki. Senjata api ditangan bisa berarti kekuatan dalam diri laki-laki. Hal ini digambarkan oleh tokoh utama (Dave Saunders) yang mengaggap senjata api sebagai simbol dari kehormatan. Sejalan dengan cerita pendek ini, ada beberapa banyak penyalahgunaan senjata api yang dilakukan demi meraih kehormatan (dihargai) dan maskulinitas dalam lingkungannya. ---AbstractMasculinity is a part of gender studies. To understand masculinity, it needs to identify man as the center of the study from various aspects. Here within the article, it would be discussed about the relationship between possessing arms (gun) as the symbol of earning menâ€™s masculinity. Then, it is implied from many sources and literary work, that possessing arms might give the impression of strength and masculinity. The short story entitled â€œThe Man Who Was Almost a Manâ€ is the example of literary work that gun possession will support someone in gaining his masculinity. Gun in hands means power or strength inside a man. It was showed by the protagonist (Dave Saunders) who considered gun as the symbol of respect and the real man thing (being masculine). Align with the short story, there are many gun violence happened in the name of gaining the identity of being called masculine and respect from people.

Orcs Lives Matter: Representation of African Americans in Bright Film Shafira Ayuningtyas; Pita Merdeka
Insaniyat : Journal of Islam and Humanities Volume 5 Number 2, May 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v5i2.20824

Exploring the way Orcs are portrayed in the Bright film are the focus of this research and futher analyzing the ideology within. This research uses the qualitative research method to help answering the research questions on how Orcs are represented in Bright and how representations reflect the ideology of the text. Additionally, Hall’s representation and ideology theories are applied in the process to provide an insight into the research problems. The research found that Orcs in Bright are constructed in a very like ways as African Americans as they are portrayed as the designated bad guys, targets for animalization and victims of police brutality which match the image of African Americans in American society. These portrayals of Orcs leads to the discussion of Orcs’ poor social standing in society in comparison to other races in the film and in result reflects the ideology the text tries to convey that is black inferiority, as shown by the way the American system and society treated them. Overall, this research can be used as a reference for researches on representation of African Americans and racial allegories in literature.

Masculinity : Male Traits in 1930s Portrayed in Public Enemies Pita Merdeka; Kusumo Asri Kumoro
Insaniyat : Journal of Islam and Humanities Volume 2 Number 2, May 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta.

This article discusses the masculinity of John Dillinger as the main male character inPublic Enemies Film (2009); directed by Michael Mann, and produced by Universal Pictures. This film is clearly described that men who appear strong, physically attractive, charming, and smart fall into the category of masculine.This study used descriptive qualitative method by using Janet Saltzman Chafetz’s concept of masculinity in seven areas or forms such as the physical image, the function in life, the sexual aggressiveness, the emotion, the intelligence, the personality, and other personality characteristics. In the first part of analysis, the research reveals the characteristics of John Dillinger utilizing Edward Jones’ Characterization theory, before assigning them to the seven areas or forms of Chafetz’s concept of masculinity.The result shows that the main male character,John Dillinger adjusts his characteristics based on the person he interacts with.John Dillinger as the main male character in Public Enemies film defines his position as a man in the society in the 1930s. He plays andtakes a dominant role as a leader for his gang members; his lover, Billie Frechette,by caring, protecting, and supporting them. On the other side, Dillinger is apathetic against the authority. He also takes pride in his reputation, and believes that he can achieve ambitions to be on top of the world.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v2i2.7814

Toxic masculinity in Michael Rohrbaugh’s American Male Ida Rosida; Pita Merdeka; Annisa Nur Chaliza; Aulia Aprilia Nisa; Muhamad Sodikin
LITERA Vol 21, No 1: LITERA (MARCH 2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v21i1.39792

Masculinity is recognized as a social value that regulates how a man should or should not behave. Those who do not meet the ideal characteristics such as strong, powerful, dominant, aggressive, and others, in some circumstances, will be considered as toxic masculinity. This article aims to explore how masculinity traits and toxic masculinity are presented in a short film directed by Michael Rohrbaugh entitled American Male (2016). This film looks at the gender norms which are emerged in a society by showing a muscle-up man who portrays masculine standard traits. The main character in the film is portrayed as a man who is strong, competitive, and violent. The method used is a qualitative content analysis based on the concept of masculinity by Janet Saltzman Chafetz. The results show that American Male is a medium used to convey how masculine norms has ruined the society. As it is socially and culturally constructed, men must be engaged with it. Men must be masculine. Even more, men who do not fulfill the traits are considered either losers or gays. Toxic masculinity subsequently forces men to fulfill masculinity. The traits are socially regressive and lead to violence, patriarchy, domination, and homophobia. In conclusion, the main character becomes depressed, violent, and stereotyped as a result of toxic masculinity.Keywords: male domination, masculine traits, men suppression, toxic masculinityMaskulinitas Toksik dalam American Male Karya Michael RohrbaughAbstrakMaskulinitas diakui sebagai nilai sosial yang digunakan untuk mengatur bagaimana seorang laki-laki harus berperilaku. Bagi mereka yang tidak memenuhi ciri ideal dari seorang lelaki seperti kuat, mendominasi, agresif, dan lain sebagainya, akan dianggap sebagai laki-laki sejati yang mana standar tersebut akan dianggap menjadi maskulinitas toksik. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana karakteristik maskulinitas dan maskulinitas toksik ditampilkan dalam film pendek American Male (2016) yang disutradarai oleh Michael Rohrbaugh. Film ini mengkaji bagaimana norma gender yang muncul di masyarakat dengan memperlihatkan seorang laki-laki berotot yang mengikuti berbagai karakteristik maskulinitas. Karakter utama dalam film tersebut digambarkan sebagai pria kuat, kompetitif, dan kasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis konten kualitatif dan konsep maskulinitas dari teori Janet Saltzman Chafetz. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa American Male (2016) merupakan media yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan bagaimana norma maskulin telah merusak masyarakat. Karena norma tersebut dibangun secara sosial dan budaya, laki-laki harus terlibat di dalamnya. Laki-laki harus maskulin. Lebih dari itu, laki-laki yang tidak memenuhi sifat-sifat tersebut dianggap pecundang atau homo. Maskulinitas toksik selanjutnya memaksa laki-laki untuk memenuhi maskulinitas. Ciri-ciri tersebut regresif secara sosial dan mengarah pada kekerasan, patriarki, dominasi, dan homofobia. Kesimpulannya, karakter utama menjadi tertekan, kasar, dan distereotipkan sebagai akibat dari maskulinitas toksik.Kata kunci: maskulinitas toksik, karakteristik maskulinitas, dominasi laki-laki, penindasan pria

Masculinity in The Characters of Sally and Jo in The Film Misbehaviour Syafrilla Kurniasi; Pita Merdeka; Maria Ulfa; Nina Farlina
TEKNOSASTIK Vol 20, No 2 (2022): TEKNOSASTIK
Publisher : Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33365/ts.v20i2.1737

This article discusses the masculinity of the female characters, Sally Alexander and Jo Robinson, in the film Misbehaviour. Thus, this article aims to analyze the masculinity within women by focusing on the characters’ analysis of Sally Alexander and Jo Robinson. The article uses a descriptive qualitative method and takes the data from the film in the form of captured scenes and dialogues. The article uses the theory of character and characterization from Boggs and Petrie to find out the masculine characteristics of Sally and Jo and also the concept of masculinity by Peter Lehman to support the argument. Based on the findings, this research shows that Sally and Jo live in a patriarchal society and establish characteristics that can be considered masculine. Sally’s ambitious, forward-thinking, well-organized, activeness, and negligence, and Jo’s daring, indiscipline, nonchalance, aggressiveness, and independence, establish their masculinity in the form of courage, heroism, and leadership, appearance, and other behaviors, for instance, smoking. Moreover, their characteristics have both merits and shortcomings. Indeed, their experience, environment, and societal factors influence their masculine characteristics

Information on medical records of covid-19 patients in Indonesia Wenny, Lili Sudria; Lolytasari; Putra, Riyan Adi; Merdeka, Pita; Ahwan, Muh. Ahlis; Afida, Ana
Record and Library Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : D3 Perpustakaan Fakultas Vokasi Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/rlj.V10-I1.2024.112-125

Background of the study: This research describes medical record management activities in two government hospitals in Indonesia, namely RSUD Tugurejo Semarang and RSUD Kota South Tangerang. This Hospital became history for the Indonesian people during the COVID-19 era and became a referral hospital for COVID-19 patients. Medical records, as written documents regarding the initial history of a patient's illness, can be trusted in the name of law and become archives with legal and historical value. Therefore, it is necessary to look at how the medical records of COVID-19 patients are recorded and utilized. Purpose: Analyze the use of COVID-19 medical records as a source of health information data in hospitals. Method: This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data sources come from observation, interviews, and documentation. Findings: The research results found that medical records at General Hospitals in Indonesia are managed based on life cycle files, following the guidelines issued by the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2022 concerning Medical Records. Conclusion: The more organized a hospital's medical record archive is, the more information contained in the medical record will be visible to researchers.

Metaphor and Symbol in Madurese Proverb: A Study of Madurese Characters Supardi, Moh; Merdeka, Pita
Insaniyat : Journal of Islam and Humanities Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Insaniyat Journal of Islam and Humanities
Publisher : Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v9i2.45023

The pervasive meaning and the representative symbol of metaphors have led different views among scholars. Contemporary view has claimed that metaphor is basically symbolic in nature and is pervasive in human language, mind, and culture that goes beyond the scope of a language rather than just as language ornament conceived by the traditional view. The present study is close to the first view that metaphor and symbol in Madurese proverbs are not only matters of language but they mostly take into account with human way of thinking. Moreover, this study also takes a stand that metaphors and symbols can affect social thought and characters. In these regards, constructing the abstract meaning of metaphors - grounded in human mind and culture - has made visible need for this study to use Socio-Cognitive Linguistic approach. It is worth to use such integrated approach to see metaphoric and symbolic meaning about the nature of interpretation reflected in Madurese proverbs to reveal Madurese characters. The study showed that Madurese proverbs have reflected the courageous, religious, humorous, self-reliant, persistent and hard work, direct, and innocent characters of Madurese through their proverbial or metaphorical expressions. The study concluded that metaphors and symbols have played significant roles to reflect social markers due to the symbolic function and abstract meaning of metaphor is bond with human mind, experience, and culture structured through symbolic and metaphoric use.

Metaphor and Symbol in Madurese Proverb: A Study of Madurese Characters Supardi, Moh; Merdeka, Pita
Insaniyat: Journal of Islam and Humanities Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Insaniyat: Journal of Islam and Humanities
Publisher : Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/6m6z9g81

The pervasive meaning and the representative symbol of metaphors have led different views among scholars. Contemporary view has claimed that metaphor is basically symbolic in nature and is pervasive in human language, mind, and culture that goes beyond the scope of a language rather than just as language ornament conceived by the traditional view. The present study is close to the first view that metaphor and symbol in Madurese proverbs are not only matters of language but they mostly take into account with human way of thinking. Moreover, this study also takes a stand that metaphors and symbols can affect social thought and characters. In these regards, constructing the abstract meaning of metaphors - grounded in human mind and culture - has made visible need for this study to use Socio-Cognitive Linguistic approach. It is worth to use such integrated approach to see metaphoric and symbolic meaning about the nature of interpretation reflected in Madurese proverbs to reveal Madurese characters. The study showed that Madurese proverbs have reflected the courageous, religious, humorous, self-reliant, persistent and hard work, direct, and innocent characters of Madurese through their proverbial or metaphorical expressions. The study concluded that metaphors and symbols have played significant roles to reflect social markers due to the symbolic function and abstract meaning of metaphor is bond with human mind, experience, and culture structured through symbolic and metaphoric use.

Representation of Masculine Woman in The Invitation (2022) Dwiki Arif Nabil Mahbuby Mahbuby; Pita Merdeka
Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/kls.v11i1.11051

This research discusses the representation of masculine women in the film The Invitation, using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. This research aims to investigate how the representation of female masculinity is portrayed in the film The Invitation through the meaning of denotation, connotation, and myth. Then, several concepts related to the research, such as gender studies, masculinity, woman, masculine woman, and semiotics, are used. This research uses a qualitative method supported by semiotic and descriptive qualitative research. The data collection techniques for this research include observation, literature review, and additional sources. The result of the research is the traits and attitudes of masculine women depicted through Evie's character. The masculine traits and attitudes such as daring to take risks, resilience, assertiveness, and responsibility are shown in Evie's character. In conclusion, Evie's character exemplifies a dominant, masculine female who challenges stereotypical myths. Therefore, possessing masculine traits is entirely acceptable for women. Film is a powerful medium that can highlight the representation of women overcoming adversity and challenging prevailing stereotypes. It further represents women's vital roles within both personal and societal contexts.

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