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Eka Bertuah
Universitas Esa Unggul
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Journal : IIJSE

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The Effect of Profitability, Leverage, Liquidity, and Firm Size on Earnings Management with Gender Diversity as a Moderating Variable Astuti, Melinda; Bertuah, Eka
Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Sharia Economics
Publisher : Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31538/iijse.v9i2.8922

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of firm characteristics – profitability, leverage, liquidity, and firm size – on earnings management, with gender diversity on the board of directors as a moderating variable. Using panel data from food and beverage industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 – 2023, the study finds that profitability has a positive and significant effect on earnings management, while leverage, liquidity, and firm size have no significant effect. Gender diversity negatively moderate the relationship between profitability and earnings management, indicating that the presence of women on the board can reduce earnings manipulation during profitability. In contrast, gender diversity positively moderate the firm effect of firm size, suggesting that in larger firms, it may strengthen the tendency toward earnings management. Gender diversity does not moderate the effect of leverage and liquidity on earnings management. These findings contribute to agency theory by demonstrating that profitability creates an incentive misalignment between managers and shareholders, which can lead to earnings manipulation. However, gender diversity can strengthen monitoring and reduce agency conflicts, though its effectiveness varies by context. These results imply that the effectiveness of gender diversity as a governance mechanism depends on specific firm conditions.
Co-Authors Abdurahman Abdurrahman Abdurrahman Abdurrahman Agus Munandar Agustin, Happyta Akshay, F. X. John Alfian Yudha Sasongko Amelia Ibnu Wasiat, Friana Angga Negoro, Dhimas Anhar, Febri Ari Anggarani Winadi Prasetyoning Tyas Ari Anggarani WPT Astuti, Melinda Awin Satrio Wibowo Awliya, Aldy Budianto, Endi Trimawan Denissa Natalia Derudebu Talunohi Desy Prastyani Dwi Yudiono Efriska Simangunsang Elizabeth Hutami Widowati Erni Komalasari Febrianto, Dito Tri Gigieh Giri Putra Prianika Hikmah Ramadhani Hilda Amalia Hotman Dufeb Halomoan Oppusunggu Indra Sakti Jonathan, Ignatius Jong Sandy Jurnal Pepadu Kamila, Nurul Kartika Sitorus Kevin Suparta Kristina Novianti Kurniawan, Surya Dwi Lestari, Putri Indah Dwi Loreno, Cristhian Mira Kartika Dewi Djunaedi Noel Singgih Haryo Pradono Novera Kristiani Nurjihan, Syifa Rahmawati Nurlinda, R.A. Nurlinda, RA Pangaribuan, Meiko Andreas R. A. Nurlinda R.A. Nurlinda RA Nurlinda Raden Ajeng Nurlinda Raden Ayu Nurlinda Rahmatiyani, Rahmatiyani RILLA GANTINO Robi Sunjaya Robin Robin, Robin Rojuaniah Rojuaniah Sapto Jumono Senima, Teklaudi Kurniati Setiyati, Ritta Suharna, Jaka Sunjaya, Robi Surya Dwi Kurniawan Taqiyyah, Nada Ummanah Ummanah, Ummanah Wardana, Dimas Rafli Satia Wini Agustin WPT, Ari Anggarani Yandi Ikadarma