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KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK GENERATOR INDUKSI DENGAN BEBAN RESISTIF SECARA LANGSUNG DAN MELALUI PENYEARAH Rahma Tiana Umaya; Rini Nur Hasanah; Tri Nurwati
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 4 (2022)
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ABSTRAKPeningkatan kebutuhan listrik di berbagai sektor serta belum meratanya elektrifikasi di daerah terpencil terutama wilayah timur Indonesia membuat pembangkit energi listrik terbarukan saat ini terus dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah PLTMh. Penggunaan generator induksi tiga fasa berpenguat sendiri pada PLTMh menjadi pilihan yang tepat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi di tempat yang terisolir atau belum adanya daya reaktif jaringan listrik. Penggunaan beban listrik akhir-akhir ini banyak menggunakan komponen elektronika daya yang salah satu komponennya merupakan penyearah yang merupakan jenis beban nonlinear. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik generator induksi tiga fasa berpenguat sendiri terhadap pengaruh pembebanan penyearah serta menganalisis distorsi harmonik tegangan dan arus dengan variasi kecepatan, nilai pembebanan, dan nilai kapasitor. Hasil simulasi menunjukan bahwa variasi kecepatan dan pembebanan berpengaruh terhadap keluaran generator induksi. Tegangan keluaran generator induksi saat berbeban penyearah lebih besar dibandingkan saat beban resistif untuk daya beban yang sama. Penggunaan beban penyearah menimbulkan harmonisa yang menyebabkan arus dan tegangan menjadi terdistorsi. Pengujian harmonik menghasilkan nilai THDv keluaran generator induksi berada pada rentang 2,165% - 4,827%, untuk THDi generator berada pada rentang 1,916% - 4,404%, THDi kapasitor pada rentang 3,684% - 16,246%, dan THDi beban pada rentang 28,965% - 30,512%. Dengan demikian nilai THD keluaran generator induksi tiga fasa pada kecepatan berbeda masih berada dibawah batas yang diizinkan.Kata Kunci : Generator induksi tiga fasa, karakteristik generator, penyearah tiga fasa, harmonik ABSTRACTThe increase in electricity demand in various sectors and the uneven electrification in remote areas, especially eastern Indonesia, have made renewable energy plants currently continue to be developed, one of which is PLTMh. The use of self-reinforced three-phase induction generators at PLTMh is the right choice to meet energy needs in isolated places or the absence of reactive power in the power grid.The use of electrical loads lately uses a lot of power electronics components, one of which is a rectifier which is a type of nonlinear load. The study aims to determine the characteristics of self-reinforced three-phase induction generators on the effect of rectifier loading and analyze voltage and current harmonic distortions with variations in speed, loading value, and capacitor value. The simulation results show that variations in speed and loading affect the output of the induction generator. The output voltage of the induction generator when the rectifier is loaded is greater than when the load is resistive for the same load power. The use of rectifier loads gives rise to harmonics that cause currents and voltages to be distorted. Harmonic testing resulted in the THDv value of induction generator output in the range of 2.165% - 4.827%, for THDi the generator was in the range of 1.916% - 4.404%, THDi capacitor in the range of 3.684% - 16.246%, and THDi load in the range of 28.965% - 30.512%. Thus the THD value of the output of the three-phase induction generator at different speeds is still below the permissible limit.Keywords : Three-phase induction generator, generator characteristics, three-phase rectifier, harmonic

DESAIN PENGENDALI PI PADA PWM RECTIFIER TIGA FASA DALAM MEREDUKSI THD Joeken King Abednego Judianto; Mochammad Rusli; Tri Nurwati
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 4 (2022)
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This paper investigates on the design of proportional-integral (PI) controller with three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifier as the plant to be controlled. PWM rectifier is used to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) injected to the system from nonlinear load used. Space vector pulse-width modulation technique is used to control the switching of the rectifier where three-phase currents and voltages are presented in the synchronous reference frame. Vector control strategy is used to carry out the modulation for optimal DC voltage output and THD reduction. In order to have optimally designed controller, gain parameters based on cascade-control of the voltage and current controller are tuned based on symmetrical optimum and modulus optimum tuning method. Simulation using MATLAB/Simulink are done to verify the stability of the output DC voltage and reduction of the THD. Three-phase voltage sources use 220 Volt input supply and obtained stable 600 Volt DC output and reduced THD of 1.80%.Keywords: PWM rectifier, vector control, total harmonic distortion, PI controller, symmetrical o

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN INJEKSI FREKUENSI TINGGI TERHADAP KINERJA ELEKTRODA PELAT Affan Rafli Andriansyah; Mochammad Dhofir; Tri Nurwati
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 5 (2022)
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The development of power systems in modern times places more demands on the safety, stability of power system operations. The grounding system is very important to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system to ensure the safety of people and the devices contained in a system when a fault occurs. This disturbance occurs when there is a short circuit current and fault current from lightning. Therefore, a system is needed to secure humans and electrical devices, namely a grounding system. Grounding system is a conductor connection system that connects systems, equipment bodies, and installations with earth/ground so as to protect humans and installations from the danger of abnormal currents. A good grounding system has a small resistance value. The resistance value is influenced by several factors, namely, the dimensions of the electrodes used, the configuration of the grounding system, the shape of the current and the frequency that flows, the chemical content of the soil. Soil treatment is one way to change the chemical composition of the soil by adding additives. In this study, an additive in the form of coconut shell charcoal was used and was given a high-frequency current injection with a range of 50-50kHz on plate type electrodes in vertical and horizontal planting configurations. The method used in this study is to use the 3 point method. The test results showed that the addition of coconut shell charcoal and the injection of high-frequency current affected the value of the real grounding impedance (resistance) in each planting configuration. The smallest real impedance value (resistance) obtained is when the grounding electrode is planted in a horizontal position and a 50kHz current is injected. When the electrode is injected a high frequency current indicates that the electrode is inductive while at the time the low frequency current is injected it is capacitive. Overall the value of real impedance (resistance) that can be reduced in each planting configuration is 20.98% to 49.79%.Keywords : Charcoal, Grounding, Impedance, Coconut Shell, Frequency

SISTEM PENGONTROLAN PH PADA IKAN HIAS AIR LAUT DENGAN METODE FUZZY LOGIC MAMDANI Ramadhan Setya Novianto; Tri Nurwati; Eka Maulana
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 6 (2022)
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Water quality is the main parameter in the cultivation of freshwater ornamental fish and marine ornamental fish. To get healthy ornamental fish, water conditions must be maintained, one of which is the pH of the water. Generally fish need a water pH in the range of 6.5 to 8.5, which is considered the optimal range for good fish growth. Changes in the pH of seawater can adversely affect the life of marine biota, either directly or indirectly. Controlling the pH of water in marine ornamental fish using the Mamdani fuzzy logic method, by determining its membership function so that it can control the speed of pumping acid or alkaline solutions. From the results of the study, the tool can control the pH of seawater according to the setpoint membership function that has been set, namely 6.5-8.5 for 368-478 seconds by adjusting the pump output discharge according to the difference between the pH of the aquarium and the desired value.Keywords: pH, Fuzzy Logic Mamdani, Membeship Function

SISTEM PENGONTROLAN TOTAL DISSOLVE SOLID (TDS) AIR PADA AKUARIUM IKAN HIAS AIR LAUT MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY LOGIC MAMDANI Muhammad Haichal Pambudi; Tri Nurwati; Eka Maulana
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 6 (2022)
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Keeping ornamental fish means maintaining water quality and one way is to control the amount of dissolved solids or Total Dissolve Solid (TDS). In this research, the TDS parameters were controlled using the design of the TDS controller. In this research, the design process of the YL69 sensor was carried out as a sensor for reading the TDS value and setting the pump speed using a fuzzy logic controller. The research was conducted in a seawater aquarium as the medium. The results of this research, it can be seen that the tool is able to balance the TDS according to the setpoint membership function fuzzy, namely 35-50 ppt for 256 seconds and 189 seconds. The system can also return the response to the setpoint when disturbed with a recovery time of 67 seconds. The water discharge coming out of the pump can also be adjusted according to the difference between the aquarium TDS and the desired value. Keywords: TDS, fuzzy, membership function.

SISTEM PENGONTROLAN KADAR GARAM AIR PADA AKUARIUM IKAN HIAS AIR LAUT MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY LOGIC MAMDANI n/a Rifyal; Tri Nurwati; Eka Maulana
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 6 (2022)
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Ornamental fish is one of the major export commodities, besides that, there are also many domestic marine ornamental fish hobbyists. The maintenance of seawater ornamental fish needs to pay attention to the level of salt or salinity so that the fish can survive. Manually adjusting the salt level of seawater is not efficient and must be checked continuously. Therefore, an automatic salt level controller is needed. In this study, the sensor design process was carried out using the YL-69 sensor and pump speed regulation. From the results of this study, it can be seen that the tool can balance the salt content according to the setpoint membership function fuzzy, which is 32-37 ppt for 564-768 seconds. The water discharge coming out of the pump can also be adjusted according to the difference in the salt content of the aquarium with the desired value.Keywords: Salinity, fuzzy, membership function.

ANALISIS KOORDINASI PROTEKSI OVERCURRENT RELAY PADA TRAFO 5 GARDU INDUK CEMPAKA 150/20KV Muhammad Afdal; Mahfudz Shidiq; Tri Nurwati
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 6 (2022)
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Relay is a tool that helps the protection system on the electric power network to check electrical equipment from disturbances that can damage the equipment, such as short circuit faults. Relays are divided into several types, one of which is the Over Current Relay (OCR). The OCR has the function of an electric power equipment function from short-circuit faults of phases. OCR has several different characteristics, such as the IEC inverse standard and the ANSI inverse standard. Each OCR characteristic has a difference in the basic formula and the resulting output curve. In IEC standard characteristics, the output of the relay is in the form of an L curve, that is, the greater the setting time, the greater the setting current in the relay. The substation has several transformers, each of which has two OCR relays, namely an OCR relay on the high voltage section (150kV) and an OCR relay on the middle low section (20kV). ETAP software is an application that can determine the coordination and output value of the work relay, making it easier to simulate relay work. However, if the relay simulation does not work according to the provisions, the settings on the relay can be changed to get the appropriate value. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is one method that can improve the setting value on the relay so that it can work according to the provisions set by PT. PLN (Persero). In this study, the relay working simulation uses ETAP software and uses the PSO resetting relay method. The result of the travel time between the 150kV and 20kV sides of transformer 5 before using the PSO method is 3.05s on the 150kV side and 2.72s on the 20kV side, while before using the PSO method it is 3.4 on the 150kV side and 3.02s on the 20kV side. The time intervals before using and before using PSO were 0.33s and 0.38s. Based on the Manual of Conductor Protection and Control Maintenance, the delay between relays is 300-800 milliseconds. Therefore, the delay interval on the transformer relay 5 has worked well with using the PSO method or not according to the existing protection guidelines. Keywords — Relay, Over Current Relay, time setting, current setting, delay time, ETAP , particle swarm optimization.

ANALISIS PENGARUH KANDUNGAN GAS TETRAFLOROETANA TERHADAP KEKUATAN DIELEKTRIK GAS KARBONDIOKSIDA DALAM MEDAN TINGGI DC NON-HOMOGEN Ivan Aditya Chrissanto; Moch. Dhofir; Tri Nurwati
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
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This study discusses the effect of the gas concentration of tetrafluoroethane (R-134) on the dielectric of carbondioxide gas (CO2) in a non-homogeneous DC high field. The influence analyzed is the dielectric strength. This research was carried out using variations in the condition of changes in the concentration of R-134 gas, the total pressure of the mixed gas, and the distance between the electrodes. Variations in the concentration of R-134 gas in carbondioxide gas are 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% which are calculated based on the total pressure of the mixed gas. The variations in the total pressure of the mixed gas are 2000 mBar, 2200 mBar, 2400 mBar, and 2600 mBar. The variation of the gap between the two electrodes is 1,5 cm and 3 cm. Furthermore, distribution simulations and calculations of electric field efficiency were carried out using FEMM 4.2 software, so that the dielectric strength values could be calculated. The results obtained in this study are the greater the concentration of gas R-134 given, the higher the value of the dielectric strength. At the same concentration of R-134 gas, an increase in the total pressure of the mixed gas and the value of the gap also causes an increase in the value of the dielectric strength.Keywords: dielectric strength, gas insulator, carbondioxide, tetrafluoroethane

ANALISIS KONDISI TRANSFORMATOR UTAMA PT. PLN (PERSERO) UPK TARAHAN LAMPUNG BERDASARKAN HASIL UJI DGA (DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS) Bagus Ramadhan; Moch. Dhofir; Tri Nurwati
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
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According to SLD Sumatera data, UIP3BS has three load control sub-systems, namely UPB Southern Sumatera, UPB Central Sumatera, and UPB Northern Sumatera with a total of 202 substations and transformers totaling 402 units / 22.594 MVA. Based on these data, it shows the importance of the role of the transformer so it is very necessary to know the condition of the transformer and take appropriate maintenance action against the transformer is very necessary. Therefore, this study aims to assess the condition of the main transformer transformer in unit 4 at PT PLN (Persero) UPK Tarahan Lampung based on the results of DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) testing. DGA testing serves to provide information related to the condition of the transformer so that it can take appropriate maintenance actions. In this study, several processes were carried out, namely by taking data from DGA test results in the form of gas value levels of H2, CH4, CO, CO2, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2 dissolved in main transformer oil in unit 4 at PT PLN(Persero) UPK Tarahan. Then analyze the DGA test results using the TDCG method and the Duval's Triangle method. Based on the results of the analysis using the TDCG and Duval Triangle methods, the condition of the main transformer at unit 4 PT. PLN(Persero) UPK Tarahan Lampung in normal conditions. This is also supported by the TDCG value which is well below 720 ppm. Therefore, this condition is still within the permissible limits for the main transformer unit 4 of PT PLN (Persero) UPK to operatenormally. Keyword: DGA, Duval’s Triangle, fault gas, TDCG, transformer DAFTAR PUSTAKA[1] Demmassabu, A. R., L. S. Patras., dan F. Lisi. (2014). Analisa Kegagalan Transformator Daya Berdasarkan Hasil Uji DGA dengan Metode TDCG, Key Gas, Roger’s Ratio, Duval’s Triangle pada Gardu Induk. J. Teknik Elektro dan Komputer. 3(4) 1─10.[2] Faishal, M. A. R., Karnoto., dan T. Sukmadi. (2011). Analisis Indikasi Kegagalan Transformator dengan Metode Dissolved Gas Analysis. J. Transmisi. 3(13). 1─10.[3] IEC 60599. (2015). Mineral oilimpregnated electrical equipment in service: Guide to the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis. Geneva: IEC.[4] IEEE C57.104. (2019). International Standard – Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Mineral OilImmersed Transformers. IEEE - 2019. Piscataway: IEEE.[5] Kelman TRANSFIX Multiple Gas Transformer DGA. https://www.gegridsolutions.com/md/catalog/transfix.htm. (diakses 10 Oktober 2022).[6] Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM). https://www.esdm.go.id/en/beritaunit/directorate-general-ofelectricity/kuartal-iii-2021-konsumsi-listrik-per-kapitameningkat-capai-1109-kwh. (diakses 12 September 2022).[7] Naibaho, N. (2017). Analisis Kegagalan Transformator Berdasarkan Hasil Pengujian DGA. J. SINERGI. 98─106.[8] PT. PLN (Persero), 2014. Buku Pedoman Pemeliharaan Transformator Daya. Jakarta: PT PLN (Persero).[9] PT. PLN (Persero). Singgle Line Diagram UIP3BS 2021. (diakses 15 Oktober 2022).[10] Yudhapraja, S., dan A.S. Prayogi. (2020). Analisa Gejala Kerusakan Transformator Berdasarkan Dissolved Gas AnalysisPembangkit PLTA Way Besai. J. NCIET. 1(1): 13─23.[11] Zope, N., Ali, S. I., Padnamaban, S., Bhaskar, M. S., dan Popa, L. M. (2018). Analysis of 132kV/33kV 15MVA Power TransformerDissolved Gas Using Transport-X Kelman Kit Through Duval’s Triangel and Roger’s Ratio Prediction. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). 1160-1164.

ANALISIS SWITCH MULTIPLEXING POWER DECOUPLING DENGAN PWM RECTIFIER DALAM MEREDUKSI DIMENSI KAPASITOR DC-LINK PADA PENGGERAK TRAKSI KERETA API LISTRIK Farhan Afif Hanip; Waru Djuriatno; Tri Nurwati
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 11 No. 4 (2023)
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Dampak dari perkembangan teknologi salah satunya adalah semakin mudahnya mobilisasi yang terjadi pada saat ini. Manusia dengan mudahnya menjangkau beberapa titik di dunia ini dengan teknologi saat ini. Salah satu yang menguatkan kondisi tersebut adalah keberadaan kereta api listrik. Daya listrik yang dibutuhkan Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL) ini akan disuplai dari sebuah gardu traksi menggunakan kawat konduktor yang membentang di bagian atas sepanjang rute KRL tersebut yang disebut dengan sistem catenary atau Listrik Aliran Atas (LAA). Rectifier yang ada pada kereta listrik akan merubah tegangan AC menjadi DC yang tentunya akan dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan kapasitor sebagai penyimpan energi. Kapasitor pun menjadi salah satu hal yang seharusnya diperhatikan. Jika kapasitas yang diperlukan besar untuk mengatasi tentunya akan berakibat ke dimensi kapasitor itu sendiri. Apalagi kapasitor dengan kapasitas yang besar sangat terbatas jenisnya. Maka dari itu penggunaan prinsip power decoupling digunakan. Dengan mengkombinasikan power decoupling dan PWM Rectifier mampu memperoleh kapasitor yang lebih kecil sekitar 10 kali lipat dari kebutuhan seharusnya tanpa mengurangi keefektifannya dalam mengatasi ripple yang dihasilkan yaitu 10%. Penggunaan komponen switching yang berfungsi ganda pada rectifier dan power decoupling diajukan sehingga penggunaan switching tambahan bisa diminimalisir. Pengontrolan tertentu diperlukan untuk kerja switchmultiplexing power decoupling dengan PWM Rectifier. Kata kunciâ€” Kereta Rel Listrik, PWM Rectifier, Switchmultiplexing Power Decoupling, Ripple, Kapasitor

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