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Minimalisasi Penurunan Kadar Beta-Karoten dan Protein dalam Proses Produksi Tepung Ubi Kayu Fathoni, Ahmad; Hartati, N. Sri; Mayasti, Nur Kartika Indah
JURNAL PANGAN Vol 25, No 2 (2016): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

The conventional method of cassava flour production significantly reduces the levels of beta-carotene and protein in the product. Therefore, the method needs to be improved in order to minimize the loss. This study investigated the effect of some treatments on beta-carotene and protein stability including the use of a) various antioxidant agents; 0.3 percent of ascorbic acid, 0,3 percent of sodium metabisulphite and 8 percent of mixture of gum arabic and dextrin (1 : 1), b) different drying methods; cabinet dryer at 40°C and 50°C and sun drying, in cassava flour processing of two carotenoid-rich local cassava varieties; Adira 1 and Mentega 2. The results showed that the use of sodium metabisulphite and cabinet dryer at 40°C were the most effective methods to minimize the loss of beta-carotene and protein. Beta-carotene and protein content in cassava flour obtained from those treatments were 9,44±0,10 µg/g and 2,41 percent compared to control which was 4,92±0,29 µg/g and 2,1 percent whereas sun drying method reduced beta-carotene and protein content by 55,82 percent and 18,43 percent, respectively. Packaging in aluminum bags minimized the loss of beta-carotene and protein in the product during the first 3 months of storage.

Molecular Characteristics of Cassava Carvita 25 Somaclonal Variant Using SSR Marker Hartati, Hartati; Ramadanti, Nur Ayu; Putri, Dwi Hilda; Hartati, N. Sri
Jurnal ILMU DASAR Vol 21 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jid.v21i2.9396

Cassava is one of the most important food commodities besides rice and corn. Carvita 25 is a somaclonal variation that was induced from Adira IV cassava variety. Our study aimed to analyze the genetic differences of Carvita 25 compared to Adira IV by using SSR markers. Two cassava varieties, Carvita 25 and Adira IV, were used as plant materials and eleven SSRY primers were used to amplifythe fragments of cassava DNA. The results showed that SSRY 151 primer produced the highest polymorphic band (85.71%) where 6 out of 7 alels were polymoprphics with the length size from 120 to 600 bp. Of the total 56 of polymorphic bands, 26 alels were previously present in Adira IV but then it can not be found in Carvita 25, while 30 other bands were new fragments that were previously not present in Adira IV but then were present in Carvita 25. These genetic differencesof both Adira IV and Carvita 25 were also strengthened by the Jacard similarity value. The Jaccard similarity between Carvita 25 and Adira IV were 0.40-0.50, while the similarity between plants of Carvita 25 were 0.79-0.87, and in plants of Adira IV were 0.98- 1.These values showed thewide genetic difference between Adira IV and a somaclonal variation of Carvita 25.Keywords: cassava, Carvita 25, polymorphic, somaclonal variation, SSR Marker.

OPTIMASI SUHU ANNEALING PRIMER DEGENERATE UNTUK MENGAMPLIFIKASI FRAGMEN GEN ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE (ADC) GENOM UBI KAYU LOKAL MALUKU TENGGARA Kurniawati, Siti; Hartati, N. Sri
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity
Publisher : Universitas Esa Unggul

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

AbstractArginine decarboxylase (ADC) is an enzyme that plays a role in polyamine biosynthesis and has been shown to increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Woody oak (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is known to grow and produce well in dry and poor nutrient conditions. The purpose of this study was to obtain optimum conditions in PCR reaction process to obtain candidate gene fragment of ADC. Four pairs of primers to amplify the gene fragments of ADC are degenerate from several plants that have been deposited on NCBI databases, namely Jatropa curcas (Acc XM_022220421), Populus trichocarpa (Acc XM_002306105.2), Capsicum annuum cv Nockwang (Acc KC160547.1) and Lycopersicon esculentum (Acc L16582.1). The success in amplifying a gene by PCR technique using a specially designed primer is determined by the precision of the primary attachment temperature with the DNA mold. Four primer pairs are designed to successfully amplify DNA sequence fragments from the local cassava genome from Malra, namely Malra012 and Malra016 genotypes. The MeadC1 primary pair can amplify the DNA mold and produce bands of less than 1,000 base pairs at a fixed temperature of 46 Â° C.47 Â° C. and 48 Â° C. Nucleotide base sequence analysis using primary pair MeadC1 has been done, but based on bioinformatic analysis using NCBI BLAST program, the obtained fragment did not show the encoding fragment of ADC gene.Â Keywords : cassava, arginine decarboxylase, AADCÂ AbstrakArginine decarboxylase (ADC) merupakan enzim yang berperan dalan biosintesis poliamin dan telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik.Ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) dikenal mampu tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik meski pada kondisi kering dan miskin hara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum pada proses reaksi PCR untuk memperoleh kandidat fragmen gen ADC. Empat pasang primer untuk mengamplifikasi fragmen gen ADC dirancang secara degenerate dari beberapa tanaman yang telah terdeposit pada database NCBI yaitu Jatropa curcas (Acc XM_012229042.1), Populus trichocarpa (Acc XM_002306105.2), Capsicum annuum cv Nockwang (Acc KC160547.1) dan Lycopersicon esculentum (Acc L16582.1). Keberhasilan dalam amplifikasi suatu gen dengan teknik PCR menggunakan primer yang dirancang khusus sangat ditentukan oleh ketepatan suhu penempelan primer dengan cetakan DNA. Empat pasang primer yang didesain berhasil mengampifikasi fragmen sekuen DNA dari genome ubi kayu lokal asal Malra yaitu genotipe Malra012 dan Malra016. Pasangan primer MeADC1 dapat mengampifikasi cetakan DNA dan menghasilkan pita dengan ukuran kurang dari 1.000 pasang basa pada suhu penempelan 46Â°C.47Â°C dan 48Â°C. Analisis sekuen basa nukleotida menggunakan pasangan primer MeADC1 telah dilakukan, namun berdasarkan analisis bioinformatik menggunakan program BLAST NCBI, fragmen yang diperoleh tidak menunjukkan fragmen penyandi gen ADC.Â Kata kunci: ubi kayu, arginine decarboxylase, ADC

The Polymorphic Gene of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of Phytoene Synthase (PSY) to Characterize Carotenoids Yellow Root Cassava Kurniawati, Siti; Hartati, N. Sri; Hartati, Hartati; Sudarmonowati, Enny
Jurnal ILMU DASAR Vol 21 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jember

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is a carbohydrate sources containing a limited amount of micronutrients, but some genotypes contain β-carotene as the precursor of vitamin A in the storage roots and leaves. Improvement of β-caroteneand minerals such as Fe / Zn content of cassava’s nutrition is mostly through by biofortification program. The storage root of β-carotene recognized by a yellow or yellowish color while the apical shoots with red to purplish. β-carotenein carotenoid biosynthetic pathway is an expression of the phytoene synthase (PSY) gene. The MePSY2 gene, one of the three MePSY family is the key gene to characterize carotenoids related gene in cassava. In this study, sequencing of the two cassava fulllenght PSY genomic DNA was carried out in conserved areas in the PSY gene region (PSY1 and PSY2) from the DNA of the cassava leaves. Adira1, Carvita25 and Ubi Kuning are yellow root storage genotypes (K1, K2 and K3) while Adira4 and Menti are white root storage genotypes (P1 and P2). Carvita25 is induced somaclonal variant of the Adira4 genotype. Contiq and consensus of nucleotide base sequences from the five cassava genotypes and CM3306-4 cultivars (acc GU111715.1) as references were analysed using the lasergene DNASTAR sequence analysis program. The results of the alignment of the base sequence constituent of the MePSY2 gene showed that the PSY2 gene with amplified genome length was 2,380 base pairs (bp) consisting of 1,140 bp exon region and 1,240 bp intron region. In the conserved coding region, there was a difference of one nucleotide base, that is, base C in two white tuber cassava genotypes replaced with A in three yellow tuber cassava genotypes in the 1.485 base (C1.485A). The SNP converts the amino acid (aa) alanine (A) to aspartic acid (D) at the 191th (A191D). Single Nucleotide polymorphism in conserved coding region can be used further as carotenoid marker for plant breeding of yellow root cassava. Keywords: β carotene, PSY gene, polymorphic gene SNP, yellow root cassava.

The Influence of Various Growth Regulators on Induction Organogenic Callus from Gajah and Kuning Cassava Genotype (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Rahman, Nurhamidar; Fitriani, Hani; Rahman, Nurhaidar; Hartati, N. Sri
Jurnal ILMU DASAR Vol 22 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jid.v22i2.9305

Kuning and Gajah genotypes are two collections of cassava in the Biotechnology Research Center for Germplasm, LIPI with the advantages of each genotype are high beta carotene and high production. The multiplication in in vitro culture can be done one of them through organogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using 2,4-D; NAA and Kinetin are used singly for the formation of organogenesis of cassava in the Kuning Cassava and Gajah genotypes. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Modification of Plant Biosynthetic Pathways, Biteknologi Research Center, LIPI, Bogor since January - February 2018. The source of explants were young leaves and petiols from cassava plant culture in vitro genotypes of Gajah and Kuning yam which were three months old. in culture. The basic media used as a planting medium were Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with the addition of growth regulators (ZPT) singly, 2,4-D, NAA and Kinetin with two concentrations of ZPT each, 8 and 10 mg L- 1 This research was arranged based on a completely randomized design factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if there is an influence then proceed with the DMRT test with an error rate of 5% using the SPSS program. The highest number of Kuning genotype cassava organogenic callus that developed into shoots on the medium added by ZPT was 2.4 D and kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Formation of the best organogenic callus in petiol explants in the media with the addition of a single 2,4-D and Kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Keywords: Cassava, growth regulators, organogenic.

Regeneration Rate of Eggplant Somatic Embryogenic In Various Maturation Media Hartati, H.; Hartati, N. Sri; Sudarmonowati, Enny
Jurnal ILMU DASAR Vol 19 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jember

Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important pathogen that causes bacterial wilt disease in eggplant and inhibits eggplant production. Improvement of eggplant varieties resistant to bacterial wilt can be accomplished through genetic manipulation. Regeneration of in vitro plants isone of the important tools to supports plant improvementthrough biotechnology. This study was aimed to determine the rate of eggplant regeneration in various maturation media, and to find the best medium for eggplant regeneration based on maturation rate and the number of cotyledon produced. We used resistant eggplant (accession 032) as the material to produce somatic embryogenic.There were 7 types of regeneration media used in this research. MS medium was supplemented with a certain concentration of plant growt regulators , such as: 1 mg / L + BAP 1 mg / L, NAA 4mg / L, TDZ 0.005 mg / L, TDZ 0.001 mg / L, CuSO4 2mM + BAP 1 mg / L, CuSO4 2mM + BAP 2 mg / L and Kinetin 1 mg / L + CuSO4 2mM. Three clumps of callus per plate with three replications were transferred to MS suplemented medium. The parameters observed were the color of callus before and after they were transfered to regeneration medium, the day of formation of globular, heart-shaped, tubular and cotyledonary phase, and the number of cotyledons formed. The results obtained showed the somatic embryogenic color of the 032 genotype was white with friable structure before being transferred to regeneration medium and was turned to yellowish white after being transferred to the regeneration medium. On the day sixth, friable embryogenic somatic of eggplant was developed into nodule on medium MS + NAA 4 mg / L, MS + CuSO4 2mM + BAP medium 1 mg / L, and MS + CuSO4 2mM + BAP 2 mg / L. Somatic embryogenic callus of accession 032 were able to pass complete globular, heart-shaped, tubular and cotyledonary phase. The most responsive medium for somatic embryogenic callus regeneration, based on the days of the callus phases formation and the number of early-phase cotyledons obtained, were MS medium suplemented with CuSO4 2mM + BAP,and CuSO4 2 mM + BAP 2 mg / L.Keywords: eggplant, Ralstonia solanacearum, regeneration, cotyledonary, clump, BAP

Evaluation of Adaptation and Production of Three Selected Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Peat Land Area of Central Kalimantan Fitriani, Hani; Hartati, N. Sri; Sudarmonowati, Enny
Jurnal ILMU DASAR Vol 20 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jember

Along with the increasing the of the land-use change of the fertile agricultural land in Java, the better awareness has been subjected to the importance of function peat land for agricultural development. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tuber plant that potentially developed as important carbohydrate source. The objective of this research was to identify superior cassava variety candidate of selected cassava developed by of Research Centre Biotechnology, LIPI which has high adaptation capability and yield in Central Kalimantan peat land area. This research was conducted from July 2010 through May 2011 in Central Kalimantan Province (Kalampangan dan Pulang Pisau in total of area 1.5 and 2.25 ha respectively). There were three genotypes of cassava tested, i.e. Iding (high amylose), Gebang (low amylose), and Menti (high starch) compared to Adira 4 (35 ton/ha) and Darul Hidayah (102.1 ton/ha). The variables observed were plant height (cm) and tuber weight (grams). Observations were conducted at the age of 10 months. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The results showed that the plant height and yield were higher in Pulang Pisau than Kalampangan even though the difference is not significant (P ≤ 0,05). Darul Hidayah has highest plant height and yield, 229.8 cm and 2271 g respectively among other genotypes/varieties grown at Pulang Pisau even though the value was not significant, whereas in Kalampangan, Darul Hidayah showed the lowest yield (670 g). Based on the data obtained, the Darul Hidayah variety can be cultivated by farmers in Pulang Pisau peat land to fulfill the availability of superior cassava seedlings for food, feed and industry. Keywords: Peat, tuber yield, plant height, liquid organic fertilizer, yam wood.

Molecular Characteristics of Cassava Carvita 25 Somaclonal Variant Using SSR Marker Hartati, Hartati; Ramadanti, Nur Ayu; Putri, Dwi Hilda; Hartati, N. Sri
Jurnal ILMU DASAR Vol 21 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jid.v21i2.9396

Cassava is one of the most important food commodities besides rice and corn. Carvita 25 is a somaclonal variation that was induced from Adira IV cassava variety. Our study aimed to analyze the genetic differences of Carvita 25 compared to Adira IV by using SSR markers. Two cassava varieties, Carvita 25 and Adira IV, were used as plant materials and eleven SSRY primers were used to amplifythe fragments of cassava DNA. The results showed that SSRY 151 primer produced the highest polymorphic band (85.71%) where 6 out of 7 alels were polymoprphics with the length size from 120 to 600 bp. Of the total 56 of polymorphic bands, 26 alels were previously present in Adira IV but then it can not be found in Carvita 25, while 30 other bands were new fragments that were previously not present in Adira IV but then were present in Carvita 25. These genetic differencesof both Adira IV and Carvita 25 were also strengthened by the Jacard similarity value. The Jaccard similarity between Carvita 25 and Adira IV were 0.40-0.50, while the similarity between plants of Carvita 25 were 0.79-0.87, and in plants of Adira IV were 0.98- 1.These values showed thewide genetic difference between Adira IV and a somaclonal variation of Carvita 25.Keywords: cassava, Carvita 25, polymorphic, somaclonal variation, SSR Marker.

Grafting-Induced Phenotypic and Genomic Variations in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) through Interspecific Compatibility with M. Glaziovi Ulfa, Umi Tahniah; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning; Mulyaningsih, Enung Sri; Hartati, N. Sri; Anjarsari, Nurul Aeni; Dewi, Prita Sari
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.559-571

Grafting is a promising approach to enhance cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) productivity, particularly in improving tuber yield and quality. Despite its technical simplicity, research on the morphological and molecular consequences of grafting in cassava is limited. This study aimed to quantitatively assess phenotypic differences between grafted and shoot cutting plants and characterize genetic modifications in shoot apical meristems near the graft union. Three splice-grafting combinations were evaluated: M. glaziovii (cv. "Karet")/"Revita RV1" (KR), "Karet"/ "Carvita 25" (KC), and "Carvita 25"/ "Revita RV1" (CR), alongside shoot-cutting plants of each cultivar. Grafted seedlings and conventional cuttings were transplanted to the field, and growth was monitored up to five months after grafting (5 MAG). Shoot bud samples were collected for RAPD analysis at three months (3 MAG). Grafted plants showed differences in morphology compared to controls, especially in branching architecture, branch angle, stem diameter, and internode length. However, the overall plant form and primary stem type remained stable. The color of emerging shoots consistently reflected their genotypic origin, like scion or rootstock, as did the shoot buds nearest the graft union. RAPD analysis using multiple primers revealed polymorphic banding patterns, with OPE-12 producing the most diverse profiles. While specific bands were associated with each cultivar, grafted regenerants often exhibited altered or novel band profiles, suggesting somaclonal variation or graft-induced genetic/epigenetic changes. Some regenerants displayed unexpected band types, such as C1 in R-KR1 and R-KR3, which were absent from their known parental genotypes. Cluster analysis grouped 45 samples into five major clusters and eight subgroups, indicating genetic divergence among certain grafted combinations, particularly "Carvita 25"–"Revita RV1" and M. glaziovii–"Revita RV1". These results demonstrate that grafting can significantly impact cassava phenotype and genome stability. This study shows that interspecific grafting between cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and M. glaziovii can induce significant phenotypic and genomic variations.

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