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All Journal Alami Journal (Alauddin Islamic Medical) Journal Medika Alkhairaat : Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal EduHealth
Yani Sodiqah
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Veterinary

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Journal : Medika Alkhairaat : Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan

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POLA PATOGEN DAN ANTIBIOGRAM DI RUMAH SAKIT IBNU SINA MAKASSAR Yani Sodiqah; Lisa Yuniati; Ummi Kalsum
Medika Alkhairaat: Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6 No 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Alkhairaat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31970/ma.v6i3.261

Abstract

ABSTRAK Infeksi bakteri di lingkungan rumah sakit masih menjadi permasalahan yang signifikan, di mana pola distribusi dan resistensi bakteri mempengaruhi pengelolaan terapi antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi patogen dan antibiogram (pola resistensi antibiotik) pada pasien rawat inap, rawat jalan, dan ICU di RS Ibnu Sina Makassar periode Januari–Juni 2024. Desain penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan 246 data hasil kultur positif dari berbagai spesimen klinis (sputum, darah, pus, bilas bronkus, urine, jaringan, dan cairan pleura) dianalisis menggunakan software WHONET 2024 versi 5.6 Hasil menunjukkan sputum sebagai spesimen terbanyak (43,1%), diikuti darah (29,3%) dan pus (20,3%). Terdapat perbedaan pola patogen di setiap lokasi penelitian. Untuk isolat gram positif, Staphylococcus sp. mendominasi rawat inap (92%) dan ICU(75%) Patogen utama isolat gram negatif di rawat inap adalah Klebsiella sp. (25%), Salmonella sp (30%) di ICU dan Escherichia coli (50%) di rawat jalan. Antibiogram mengungkap resistensi tinggi terhadap antibiotik beta-laktam pada patogen Gram-positif dan negatif, dengan sensitivitas relatif tinggi terhadap Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, dan Erythromycin. Pola patogen dan antibiogram yang bervariasi antara unit rawat inap, rawat jalan, dan ICU, menekankan pentingnya pemantauan pola resistensi bakteri untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi dan mendukung pengobatan yang lebih efektif. KATA KUNCI: POLA PATOGEN, ANTIBIOGRAM, ANTIBIOTIK, RESISTENSI, RUMAH SAKIT ABSTRACT Bacterial infections in hospital environments remain a significant concern, as the distribution and resistance patterns of bacteria critically impact the management of antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of pathogens and the antibiogram (antibiotic resistance patterns) among inpatients, outpatients, and ICU patients at Ibnu Sina Hospital, Makassar, during the period of January–June 2024. This descriptive study employed a cross-sectional design, utilizing 246 positive culture results from various clinical specimens (sputum, blood, pus, bronchial lavage, urine, tissue, and pleural fluid), which were analyzed using WHONET 2024 software version 5.6. The results revealed that sputum was the most frequently collected specimen (43.1%), followed by blood (29.3%) and pus (20.3%). Distinct pathogen patterns were observed across different hospital units. Among Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus spp. dominated in inpatients (92%) and ICU patients (75%). For Gram-negative isolates, Klebsiella spp. (25%) were predominant in inpatients, Salmonella spp. (30%) in ICU patients, and Escherichia coli (50%) in outpatients. The antibiogram revealed a high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, while relatively high sensitivity was observed to Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, and Erythromycin. The varying pathogen distribution and resistance patterns across inpatient, outpatient, and ICU units emphasize the critical need for continuous monitoring of bacterial resistance to prevent infection spread and support more effective treatment strategies. KEYWORDS: PATHOGEN PATTERNS, ANTIBIOGRAM, ANTIBIOTICS, RESISTANCE, HOSPITAL
EVALUASI BAKTERI PATOGEN SPESIFIK PADA PERMUKAAN LINGKUNGAN RUANG ICU DAN OPERASI SEBELUM DAN SETELAH TINDAKAN PEMBERSIHAN DI RSUD ANUTAPURA PALU Andi Meutiah Ilhamjaya; Maria Rosa Da Lima Rupa; Andi Ita Maghfirah; Yani Sodiqah; Arga Yudha Pratama; Firda Ulandari; Rizky Azzahra Yudistira; Al Vasih Hamdan; Ni Luh Putu Mellenia; Rachmania Ramadani; Komang Ricky Indrawan
Medika Alkhairaat: Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 7 No 01 (2025): April
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Alkhairaat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31970/ma.v7i01.287

Abstract

Permukaan lingkungan merupakan salah satu sumber infeksi karena dapat bertindak sebagai reservoir patogen HAIs. Permukaan rumah sakit dapat terkontaminasi bakteri patogen HAIs, seperti Methicillin Resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Multi Drug Resistant-basil gram negatif nonfermenter (Pseudomonas spp., dll), dan lainnya. Ketika HAIs meningkat akan berdampak ke peningkatan morbiditas, mortalitas, rawat inap yang lama, pemeriksaan tambahan, intervensi bedah dan pengobatan antibiotik yang berdampak pada lonjakan biaya perawatan kesehatan, serta masa pemulihan pasien tertunda atau bahkan dapat berakibat fatal ke kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bakteri patogen spesifik yang berpotensi sebagai penyebab HAIs. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain Cross Sectional Study. Sampel swab dari permukaan lingkungan diambil dengan menggunakan swab steril yang dibasahi NaCl steril lalu diinokulasi ke media kultur bakteri aerob, dan uji biokimia untuk identifikasi, serta dilakukan uji AST untuk bakteri yang ditemukan. Sebanyak 100 sampel swab permukaan diperoleh dari 4 Kamar di Ruang Operasi dan 6 Kamar di Ruang ICU RSUD Anutapura Palu sebelum dan setelah tindakan pembersihan rutin. Dmana ditemukan MRSA (6,7%) yakni pada gagang laci Ruang ICU 1 dan gagang pintu Ruang ICU 2 serta ditemukan MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3,3%) yakni pada gagang laci Ruang ICU 4 sebelum tindakan pembersihan rutin. Namun, setelah tindakan pembersihan rutin di ICU, tidak lagi ditemukan MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tetapi masih ditemukan MRSA (6,7%) di Ruang ICU 4 dan 6. MRSA (6,7%) juga ditemukan yaitu pada laci anestesi dan tiang infus Ruang OK 2 sebelum tindakan pembersihan rutin, namun setelah tindakan pembersihan rutin tidak lagi ditemukan MRSA di Ruang OK RSUD Anutapura Palu. Tindakan pembersihan rutin yang efektif di Ruang ICU maupun Ruang OK sangat diperlukan dalam mengeliminasi bakteri patogen spesifik yang berpotensi menyebabkan HAIs. ABSTRACT Environmental surfaces are one source of infection because they can act as reservoirs of HAIs pathogens. Hospital surfaces can be contaminated with HAIs pathogenic bacteria, such as Methicillin Resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Multi Drug Resistant-nonfermenter gram-negative bacilli (Pseudomonas spp., etc.), and others. When HAIs increase, it will have an impact on increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospitalization, additional examinations, surgical interventions and antibiotic treatment which have an impact on the spike in health care costs, as well as delayed patient recovery or can even be fatal to death. This study aims to evaluate specific pathogenic bacteria that have the potential to cause HAIs. This study is an observational study with a Cross Sectional Study design. Swab samples from environmental surfaces were taken using sterile swabs moistened with sterile NaCl and then inoculated into aerobic bacterial culture media, and biochemical tests for identification, and AST tests were carried out for the bacteria found. A total of 100 surface swab samples were obtained from 4 Operating Rooms and 6 ICU Rooms of Anutapura Hospital Palu before and after routine cleaning. Where MRSA (6.7%) was found on the drawer handle of ICU Room 1 and the door handle of ICU Room 2 and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.3%) was found on the drawer handle of ICU Room 4 before routine cleaning. However, after routine cleaning in the ICU, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa was no longer found, but MRSA (6.7%) was still found in ICU Rooms 4 and 6. MRSA (6.7%) was also found on the anesthesia drawer and infusion pole of OK Room 2 before routine cleaning, but after routine cleaning, MRSA was no longer found in the OK Room of Anutapura Hospital Palu. Effective routine cleaning in the ICU and OK Rooms is essential in eliminating specific pathogenic bacteria that have the potential to cause HAIs.
Co-Authors Abdul Mubdi Ardiansar Al Vasih Hamdan Andi Ita Maghfirah Andi Meutiah Ilhamjaya Andi Sitti Fahirah Arsal Arga Yudha Pratama Arni Isnaini Arfah Danial, Nurul Fauziah Darussalam, Andi Husni Esa Firda Ulandari Gau, Anugrah Wija Hasta Handayani Irwan, Andi Alamanda Komang Ricky Indrawan Lisa Yuniati Maria Rosa Da Lima Rupa Mulyadi, Farah Ekawati Ni Luh Putu Mellenia Prema Hapsari Puan Nusaputri Waetenrisompa Rachmania Ramadani Rachmat Faisal Syamsu Rizky Azzahra Yudistira Ummi Kalsum