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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan ACCOUNTHIK : Journal of Accounting and Finance Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Jurusan Ahwal al-Syakhshiyyah Fakultas Syariah IAIN Mataram Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Syariah Jurnal Riset Hukum Keluarga islam Sahid Banking Journal Bandung Conference Series : Sharia Economic Law Bandung Conference Series : Islamic Family Law Jurnal Riset Perbankan Syariah Tasyri' : Jurnal Muamalah dan Ekonomi Syariah
Neneng Nurhasanah
Magister Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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The The Ownership of Generative AI Outputs as Objects of Contract in Islamic Commercial Law: an Analysis of Milk Theory, Ma’qud ‘alaih, and Maqasid al-shariah Rian Agung Nugraha; Neneng Nurhasanah; Panji Adam Agus Putra; Ferdian Franata
Tasyri' : Jurnal Muamalah dan Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): TASYRI’: Jurnal Muamalah dan Ekonomi Syari’ah
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum dan Ekonomi Syariah Institut Agama Islam Pangeran Dharma Kusuma Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55656/tjmes.v8i2.705

Abstract

The rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created new forms of economic transactions in which AI-generated outputs possess significant economic value. This phenomenon raises important legal questions within Islamic commercial jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah), particularly regarding ownership (milk), the validity of AI outputs as contractual objects (ma'qud 'alaih), and their conformity with maqasid al-shariah. This study aims to examine the legal status of Generative AI outputs through the perspectives of ownership theory, contractual object requirements, and maqasid al-shariah. The research employs a qualitative normative approach using a library research design. Data were collected from classical fiqh literature, fatwas issued by Islamic institutions, contemporary Sharia standards, and academic publications on AI and the digital economy. The data were analyzed using content analysis and a comparative madhhab approach. The findings indicate that lawful and economically valuable AI-generated outputs may be classified as mal mutaqawwim. However, ownership is not automatically established by every user prompt, but depends on meaningful human creative contribution and clear contractual arrangements between users and AI developers. Furthermore, AI outputs fulfill the requirements of ma'qud 'alaih when they satisfy the criteria of lawful subject matter, deliverability, and sufficient specification. From the perspective of maqasid al-shariah, AI-output transactions are permissible provided they promote the protection of wealth, intellect, life, and religion while avoiding harm to individuals and society.
REFLEKSI HIFZ AL-MAL SEBAGAI INDIKATOR RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN DALAM PENGATURAN HUKUM HARTA PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA Lily Andayani; Furi Handayani; Neneng Nurhasanah
Al-IHKAM Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Jurusan Ahwal al-Syakhshiyyah Fakultas Syariah IAIN Mataram Vol. 18 No. 3 (2026): September (Special Issue)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/alihkam.v18i3.16070

Abstract

Pengaturan harta perkawinan di Indonesia telah memberikan perlindungan terhadap harta pribadi dan harta bersama, tetapi belum sepenuhnya mengakomodasi kontribusi riil, khususnya kontribusi non-finansial, serta kepastian dalam pembagian harta setelah perceraian. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis refleksi prinsip hifz al-mal sebagai indikator rahmatan lil alamin dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), dan praktik penyelesaian sengketa harta perkawinan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Bahan hukum primer meliputi UU Perkawinan, KHI, Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 266 K/AG/2010 dan 597 K/AG/2016, serta Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 69/PUU-XIII/2015, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif normatif dan deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 35–37 UU Perkawinan dan Pasal 85–97 KHI telah merefleksikan hifz al-mal dalam perlindungan harta dan akses terhadap keadilan, tetapi belum menetapkan parameter yang jelas untuk kontribusi non-finansial dan pembagian proporsional. Putusan MA menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi riil dapat menjadi dasar pembagian yang tidak selalu 50:50, sedangkan Putusan MK memperluas perlindungan harta melalui perjanjian perkawinan. Tiga kesenjangan utama ditemukan pada pengakuan kontribusi non-finansial, mekanisme pembuktian kontribusi, dan kepastian serta prediktabilitas hukum. Internalisasi hifz al-mal diperlukan untuk memperkuat keadilan substantif dan kepastian hukum dalam hukum harta perkawinan di Indonesia
Co-Authors Afifa Nurhanifah Agus Prakarsa Yuristama Ahmad Hasan Ridwan Ajeng Wijayanti Siswanto Alya Syifa Utami Handriansyah Cecep Soleh Kurniawan Citra Mega Mayasari Ending Solehudin Ferdian Franata Fitri Fitri Furi Handayani Hasnas Sania Ghassani Intan Nurrachmi Lily Andayani Liza Dzulhijjah M Wildan Firdaus Mochamad Adrian Pranata Moh Ramdhan Rizalussani Mohamad Anton Athoillah Muhammad Yunus Muhardi Muhardi Nashiha Nabiela Difarry Nur Efendi Panji Adam Agus Putra Popon Srisusilawati Prinisa Hamdani Putri Indah Yunengsih Ria Kusumaningrum Rian Agung Nugraha Rully Trihantana Sabarina Irbah Tiara Marliana Tiara Marliana Venni Avionita