Garry Gumelar Pratama
Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Konflik versus Kooperasi: Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan Integrasi ASEAN ke Iklim Ekonomi Global Pratama, Garry Gumelar
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 3, No 1 (2016): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2031.058 KB)

Abstract

Negara-negara ASEAN tengah mencanangkan untuk melaksanakan integrasi ekonomi, tak hanya intra-regional namun juga integrasi regional terhadap iklim ekonomi global. Namun demikian, negara-negara ASEAN sampai saat ini masih menghadapi sengketa internasional mengenai Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Sengketa antara negara-negara ASEAN dan Tiongkok tersebut dianggap sebagai sengketa yang paling rumit pada abad ke-21. Terlebih lagi, Tiongkok cenderung untuk menghindari hukum internasional dalam isu tersebut. Tulisan ini akan menganalisi bagaimana Sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan yang sulit diselesaikan dengan hukum internasional dapat menghambat integrasi ASEAN ke iklim ekonomi global. Dalam hal ini, peran serta ASEAN dalam menyelesaikan masalah sengketa internasional harus diberikan porsi yang sama besarnya dengan upaya integrasi ekonomi. Untuk itu, artikel ini juga akan berusaha mencari model penyelesaian sengketa internasional yang dapat dilakukan ASEAN untuk meredam konflik dan mendorong kesuksesan integrasi ekonomi ASEAN ke iklim ekonomi global.Conflict v. Cooperation: The South China Sea Dispute Settlement and ASEAN Integration to Global EconomicAbstractASEAN is planning to implement an economic integration, not only intra-regional economic integration but also integration to the global economic. Nevertheless, ASEAN countries up until now are still facing international disputes concerning the South China Sea. The dispute between ASEAN countries and China is regarded as the most complex dispute in the 21st Century. Moreover, China tends to avoid international law in the issue. This paper will analyze how the complicated South China Sea international dispute may impede ASEAN integration to the global economic. In this regard, the role of ASEAN in resolving the international dispute should be given the same portion as economic integration efforts. To that end, this article will also seek international dispute resolution model that can be used by ASEAN to reduce conflict and enhance the success of ASEANs economic integration to the global economic. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3n1.a2
Book Review: Airport Competition: The European Experience Pratama, Garry Gumelar
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 4, No 1 (2017): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (572.459 KB)

Abstract

The competitive business environment in aviation industry has changed since European Integration. Not only airlines become more competitive after s­uch integration, but also other main infrastructure of aviation, airports. At the first stage of regional development, competition in airport industry seems to be impossible since all countries in a region still have clear jurisdictional boundaries. The other side of the coin is that airport competition becomes an important issue in a more integrated region, such as European Union (EU). This occurs because an airport owner from another country can buy other airports outside its state jurisdiction, under the same region. Articles in this book prove the claim of the existence of airport competition. Under the introductory part, the editors outlined three cases from EU: UK Civil Aviation Authority action to Heathrow Airport in 2008, Blocked Takeover of Bratislava Airport 2006 and European Commission Prohibition on Subsidies to Ryanair by Brussels South Charleroi Airport 2004. All of the cases are inevitable proofs that airport competition undoubtedly exists in Europe.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n1.a11
URGENSI PERLINDUNGANDATA PRIVASIDALAM ERA EKONOMI DIGITAL DI INDONESIA Dewi Rosadi, Sinta; Gumelar Pratama, Garry
Veritas et Justitia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018): Veritas et Justitia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25123/vej.v4i1.2916

Abstract

As a prerequisite to enter into the digital economic system, the government should be able to guarantee and secure public trust in online transactions and communications.  At the same time the need arise to secure and protect privacy and personal data. The author, utilizing a juridical normative or dogmatic approach,discusses the issue how the Indonesian government should provide better and more reliable protection of privacy and personal data. Notwithstanding the existence of a number of rules from different Acts which provides for such protection, these are considered not sufficient in providing certainty in the digital era. The authors main argument is that a legal instrument providing privacy and personal data protection should fulfil three criteria: (1) possessing international character; (2) protecting privacy and personal data as a positive right; and (3) function to co-relate individual to the economic community as such.
RESENSI BUKU: SPACEPORTS AROUND THE WORLD, A GLOBAL GROWTH INDUSTRY Pratama, Garry Gumelar
Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Vol 4, No 1 (2019): JURNAL BINA MULIA HUKUM
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Hukum ruang angkasa tidak dapat dipungkiri masih menjadi bidang hukum yang relatif kurang populer di Indonesia, hanya diketahui dan dipelajari di kalangan tertentu saja. Masyarakat luas di Indonesia kadang kala mengernyitkan dahi ketika mendengar terminologi ?Hukum Ruang Angkasa?, menandakan bidang ini masih merupakan bidang yang asing di masyarakat, bahkan di kalangan para sarjana hukum sekali pun. Padahal, di era perkembangan teknologi yang amat pesat abad ini, negara-negara lain sudah mulai menaruh perhatian besar di bidang ruang angkasa yang dapat mendatangkan keuntungan ekonomi bagi negara sekaligus membuktikan supremasi negara tersebut di bidang teknologi. Indonesia masih perlu mengembangkan dan menaruh perhatian besar ke luar angkasa karena hal tersebut. Salah satu yang  tengah diperjuangkan untuk diwujudkan  oleh pemerintah, dalam hal ini Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa (LAPAN)  adalah pembangunan infrastruktur ruang angkasa yang disebut dengan ?Spaceport? atau ?Cosmodrom?, diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa  Indonesia sebagai ?Bandar Antariksa? atau ?Bandar Luar Angkasa?. Realisasi rencana Lapan tersebut sampai saat ini telah mencapai tahap pengkajian dan penentuan wilayah yang akan digunakan sebagai lokasi pembangunan Bandar Antariksa. Pembangunan bandar antariksa tidaklah murah dan mudah, bahkan berpotensi mendapatkan pertentangan dari masyarakat setempat. Di Biak, Papua, Masyarakat adat Biak memprotes rencana pembangunan stasiun antariksa LAPAN yang akan digunakan untuk peluncuran satelit di Biak Utara, dengan alasan pembangunan stasiun peluncuran tersebut menggunakan tanah adat warga lokal. Selain di Biak, lokasi lainnya yang menjadi kandidat lokasi pembangunan bandar antariksa milik Indonesia adalah di Morotai, Maluku Utara, di samping Nias (Sumatera Utara) dan Enggano (Bengkulu).  Buku berjudul ?Spaceports around The World. A Global   Growth Industry? yang ditulis oleh Erik Seedhouse merupakan referensi yang tepat dan menarik untuk memulai memahami dan mempelajari mengenai konsep bandar antariksa, termasuk kerangka pengaturannya. Buku  tersebut memaparkan sebuah sajian  padat yang  bersisi deskripsi keadaan pasar bandar antariksa, teknologi-teknologi yang diuji coba serta  dikembangkan di dalam sebuah bandar antariksa. Hal yang lebih menarik adalah buku ini juga mengkaji bagaimana perusahaan-perusahaan privat sangat berperan  merealisasikan pembangunan bandar antariksa.  Bandar antariksa sangat penting perannya dalam eksplorasi ruang angkasa, bahkan dengan pembangunan berbagai bandar antariksa, manusia bermimpi mencapai peradaban ruang angkasa yang lebih jauh lagi.
NEW NORMAL AVIATION SAFETY: INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS ON PREVENTION OF COVID-19 TRANSMISSION BY MEAN OF INTERNATIONAL AVIATION Garry Gumelar Pratama
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 5, Number 1, Januari 2021
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v5i1.348

Abstract

AbstractEach party of the Chicago Convention 1944, the treaty governing international aviation, has agreed to take effective measures to prevent the spreading of diseases including the New CoronaVirus 2019 or COVID-19, which ruptures so many aspects of life. In fact, the current situation is not the first encounter of international aviation law with the same problem, combating dangerous and contagious disease pandemic. Before COVID-19, International aviation had to deal with highly contagious diseases such as Avian Influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Now, states have learned better to keep in close consultation with the organizations that adopt international regulations relating to sanitary measures applicable to aviation. Due to the great danger to humankind, cutting the spreading of communicable diseases on international flights is not a mere legal obligation but also a moral responsibility to the human race as a whole. Keywords: Air Law, COVID 19, International Aviation, International Regulations, New Normal AbstrakNegara pihak dalam Chicago Convention 1944 sebagai salah satu sumber hukum internasional yang mengatur penerbangan internasional telah berkomitmen untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit melalui penerbangan, termasuk juga penyebaran Novel Coronavirus 2019 atau disingkat COVID-19. Pandemik yang telah meluluhlantakkan berbagai aspek kehidupan tersebut, sebenarnya bukan merupakan situasi pertama yang dihadapi oleh dunia penerbangan internasional, pada khususnya. Sebelum pandemik COVID-19, telah terdapat berbagai macam penyakit yang menyebar, salah satunya melalui penerbangan, termasuk Flu Burung (Avian Influenza) dan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Saat ini, dengan demikian, negara telah memiliki pengalaman untuk mengadakan koordinasi dengan lembaga-lembaga internasional terkait tindakan saniter yang dapat diaplikasikan pada perjalanan pesawat. Pemutusan penyebaran penyakit menular melalui penerbangan internasional merupakan masalah moral sekaligus masalah hukum. Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Hukum Udara, Penerbangan Internasional, Regulasi Internasional, Normal Baru
LEGITIMIZATION OF JERUSALEM EMBASSY ACT ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW Riktin Noviani; Garry Gumelar Pratama
Diponegoro Law Review Vol 6, No 1 (2021): Diponegoro Law Review April 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (815.154 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/dilrev.6.1.2021.108-122

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Jerusalem is a special entity under the administrative power of United Nations according to United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, where Jerusalem does not fall under the sovereignty of any state. Jerusalem Embassy Act is the public law of United States which recognized Jerusalem as the capital city of Israel by establishing a diplomatic mission in the city.This paper concludes that Jerusalem Embassy Act is illegitimate according to international law. It turns its back to international obligation under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 and UN resolutions.Thus, the Jerusalem Embassy Act has to be pulled back by the US parliament in order to maintain international peace and security, bearing in mind the ongoing dispute between Palestine and Israel.
Konflik versus Kooperasi: Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan Integrasi ASEAN ke Iklim Ekonomi Global Garry Gumelar Pratama
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 3, No 1 (2016): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2031.058 KB)

Abstract

Negara-negara ASEAN tengah mencanangkan untuk melaksanakan integrasi ekonomi, tak hanya intra-regional namun juga integrasi regional terhadap iklim ekonomi global. Namun demikian, negara-negara ASEAN sampai saat ini masih menghadapi sengketa internasional mengenai Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Sengketa antara negara-negara ASEAN dan Tiongkok tersebut dianggap sebagai sengketa yang paling rumit pada abad ke-21. Terlebih lagi, Tiongkok cenderung untuk menghindari hukum internasional dalam isu tersebut. Tulisan ini akan menganalisi bagaimana Sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan yang sulit diselesaikan dengan hukum internasional dapat menghambat integrasi ASEAN ke iklim ekonomi global. Dalam hal ini, peran serta ASEAN dalam menyelesaikan masalah sengketa internasional harus diberikan porsi yang sama besarnya dengan upaya integrasi ekonomi. Untuk itu, artikel ini juga akan berusaha mencari model penyelesaian sengketa internasional yang dapat dilakukan ASEAN untuk meredam konflik dan mendorong kesuksesan integrasi ekonomi ASEAN ke iklim ekonomi global.Conflict v. Cooperation: The South China Sea Dispute Settlement and ASEAN Integration to Global EconomicAbstractASEAN is planning to implement an economic integration, not only intra-regional economic integration but also integration to the global economic. Nevertheless, ASEAN countries up until now are still facing international disputes concerning the South China Sea. The dispute between ASEAN countries and China is regarded as the most complex dispute in the 21st Century. Moreover, China tends to avoid international law in the issue. This paper will analyze how the complicated South China Sea international dispute may impede ASEAN integration to the global economic. In this regard, the role of ASEAN in resolving the international dispute should be given the same portion as economic integration efforts. To that end, this article will also seek international dispute resolution model that can be used by ASEAN to reduce conflict and enhance the success of ASEAN's economic integration to the global economic. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3n1.a2
Book Review: Airport Competition: The European Experience Garry Gumelar Pratama
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 4, No 1 (2017): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (572.459 KB)

Abstract

The competitive business environment in aviation industry has changed since European Integration. Not only airlines become more competitive after s­uch integration, but also other main infrastructure of aviation, airports. At the first stage of regional development, competition in airport industry seems to be impossible since all countries in a region still have clear jurisdictional boundaries. The other side of the coin is that airport competition becomes an important issue in a more integrated region, such as European Union (EU). This occurs because an airport owner from another country can buy other airports outside its state jurisdiction, under the same region. Articles in this book prove the claim of the existence of airport competition. Under the introductory part, the editors outlined three cases from EU: UK Civil Aviation Authority action to Heathrow Airport in 2008, Blocked Takeover of Bratislava Airport 2006 and European Commission Prohibition on Subsidies to Ryanair by Brussels South Charleroi Airport 2004. All of the cases are inevitable proofs that airport competition undoubtedly exists in Europe.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n1.a11
INDONESIA DAN ICSID: PENGECUALIAN YURISDIKSI ICSID OLEH KEPUTUSAN PRESIDEN Prita Amalia; Garry Gumelar Pratama
Majalah Hukum Nasional Vol. 48 No. 1 (2018): Majalah Hukum Nasional Nomor 1 Tahun 2018
Publisher : Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33331/mhn.v48i1.110

Abstract

Indonesia telah meratifikasi Washington Convention 1965 melalui Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1968. Pasal 25 dari konvensi yang diratifikasi mengatur tentang yurisdiksi lembaga arbitrase International Centre for The Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID), di antaranya adalah untuk menyelesaikan sengketa penanaman modal antara para negara peserta (dan warga negara dari negara peserta). Beberapa Bilateral Investment Treaties (BIT) yang disepakati menunjuk lembaga arbitrase ICSID sebagai lembaga penyelesaian sengketa apabila terjadi permasalahan. Namun demikian, pada tahun 2012, pemerintah mengeluarkan Keputusan Presiden No. 31 Tahun 2012 tentang Perselisihan yang dikecualikan dari yurisdiksi ICSID. Keputusan tersebut mengecualikan beberapa sengketa dari kewenangan ICSID. Sebagai hasil penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif, artikel ini berusaha untuk menjawab pertanyaan mengenai apakah tindakan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia untuk mengecualikan jurisdiksi ICSID sah berdasarkan hukum internasional yang berlaku. Dalam menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, selain harus dilakukan penelusuran hukum yang utuh menyeluruh, juga diperlukan pembahasan berbagai kasus yang relevan.
INDONESIAN LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRANSPORT OF ULTRAHAZARDOUS RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AT SEA Ratu Rikfi Ismuha; Garry Gumelar Pratama
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 5, Number 2, June 2021
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v5i2.991

Abstract

In 1992, the voyage of the Akatsuki Maru from France to Japan showed the practice in the sea transport of ultrahazardous radioactive materials. The voyage route was nearly around one-half of the planet earth and passed through many countries. Although many countries have openly protested, the vessel has continued because the ship has international navigational rights under UNCLOS 1982. This paper attempts to research international regulations concerning the legal regime governing safety in the sea transport of ultrahazardous radioactive materials in UNCLOS 1982, MARPOL 73/78, SOLAS 1974, PPNM 1980, SCTW 1978, and Indonesia’s national laws and regulations concerning this matter. This research uses normative approach and analysis descriptive methods that is based on international conventions, Indonesia’s national laws and regulations related to the safety of ultrahazardous radioactive materials shipment. The result of this research shows that the legal regime governing safety in the sea transport of ultrahazardous radioactive materials is not yet adequate, because it is partially regulated. However, Indonesia has attempted to harmonize international regulations and Indonesia’s national laws concerning the safety navigation of transport of ultrahazardous radioactive materials.