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All Journal Lex Publica Jurnal Greenation Sosial dan Politik Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences
Ahmad Redi
Universitas Borobudur, Jakarta, Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Optimizing the Role of Notaries in Increasing Legal Certainty and Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce Transactions Adillah Yuswanti; Ahmad Redi
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (June - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i2.407

Abstract

The rapid development of electronic commerce (e-commerce) demands more optimal legal protection for consumers, especially in terms of legal certainty, transaction validity, and dispute resolution. However, the role of notaries in protecting e-commerce consumers is still ineffective due to limited regulations and the less-than-optimal implementation of digital notaries (cyber notaries). The study aims to analyze the role of notaries in protecting consumers in electronic-based commerce using legal research methods that combine conceptual and comparative approaches, secondary data analysis, and focus group discussions with stakeholders. The study results reveal that notaries have four primary roles in the e-commerce ecosystem, namely providing legal education to consumers, facilitating the creation of legally valid electronic agreements, protecting consumer personal data, and acting as mediators in resolving digital transaction disputes. The research implies that strengthening the role of notaries in e-commerce can increase consumer trust in digital transactions and strengthen the position of notaries as public officials who play a role in ensuring legal certainty in the digital economy. Therefore, policy reforms are needed that support the empowerment of notaries in electronic commerce to produce a safer and more trusted e-commerce ecosystem.
Implementation of Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning Sustainable Food Crop Land Protection for Protected Rice Fields (LSD) I Nengah Pasek Suryaman; Ahmad Redi
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (June - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i2.430

Abstract

Law Number 41 of 2009 for the Protection of Sustainable Food Crop Land (Law 41/2009) was issued by the government in 2009. This law's issuing is part of the government's strategic aim to preserve agricultural land and ensure national food security. The massive conversion of agricultural land into residential and industrial regions is an important endeavor. One critical aspect regulated in Law 41/2009 is the regulation on Protected Rice Fields (LSD). The regulation on LSD aims to prevent uncontrolled conversion of rice fields into non-agricultural land. This article attempts to reflect on the role of LSD in protecting agricultural ecosystems to maintain national food security. The purpose of LSD is not only to focus on legal aspects but also to consider the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems that affect biodiversity, quality, and availability of water for agriculture. Although this law has provided a strong legal basis, in its implementation there are still problems and challenges that must be faced by the government in implementing this law. The problem raised in this article is how the implementation of Law 41/2009 is related to the overlapping of the determination of protected rice fields between the regional and the central government. The problem will be analyzed using the normative legal research method. The study results found that the implementation of Law 41/2009 still faces obstacles related to regional spatial planning policies as part of regional rights in managing their regional areas.
Legal Benefits of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Resolution of Medical Disputes Hadi Zulkarnain; Ahmad Redi
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i3.585

Abstract

The demands of healthcare services, as stipulated in Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, which demands excellent healthcare services, make the use of technological advances such as AI highly desirable. The healthcare sector, which utilizes AI, certainly assists in early disease detection, treatment planning, and telemedicine, thus facilitating healthcare services, including law enforcement in medical disputes. How beneficial is it legally to use artificial intelligence technology to settle medical disputes? That is the research's main concern. This study employs descriptive analysis and secondary data to conduct a normative legal analysis. The results show that the legal benefit of using artificial intelligence technology in resolving medical disputes is to facilitate research, data collection, and information processing quickly and accurately. Therefore, the use of AI calculations will eliminate the potential for suspicion from litigants or the public and make the judges' decisions more objective. Thus, the position of AI is not as a decision-maker, but is limited to recommendations from the analysis results. Therefore, in an effort to create legal certainty regarding the use of AI technology in resolving medical disputes, it is necessary to immediately issue legislation on resolving medical disputes that utilize information and communication technology by involving the active role of the community in creating the legislation.
Corporate Criminal Liability in Indonesian Tax Crimes: A Study of the Gap Between Legal Norms and Enforcement Practices Adriana Dwi Hardjanti; Ahmad Redi
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i3.586

Abstract

This research is motivated by the limited application of corporate criminal liability in tax crimes in Indonesia, despite the clear existence of legal provisions governing such liability. This condition reveals a significant gap between legal norms and enforcement practices, where criminal sanctions are more frequently imposed on individual executives rather than on corporations as legal entities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that hinder the implementation of corporate criminal prosecution in tax crimes and to examine the role of the new Indonesian Criminal Code as a momentum for criminal law reform. The research employs a normative juridical method by reviewing relevant legislation, legal doctrines, academic literature, and judicial decisions. The findings indicate that the main obstacles to imposing criminal liability on corporations do not stem from the absence of legal basis but from the dominance of administrative approaches in the General Taxation Provisions and Procedures Law, doctrinal barriers arising from classical criminal law principles such as nulla poena sine culpa, and the reluctance of law enforcement officials to treat corporations as the principal perpetrators of tax crimes. The study concludes that the effectiveness of corporate criminal prosecution depends largely on political will, paradigm shifts among law enforcement institutions, and judicial consistency in applying substantive justice. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the need for clear technical guidelines and strong institutional coordination, with the new Criminal Code serving as a strategic opportunity to strengthen deterrence, ensure fiscal justice, and enhance the integrity of Indonesia’s tax law enforcement system.
Renewal of People's Mining Business Permit Regulations as an Instrument for Improving Community Welfare Ade Zamrah; Ahmad Redi
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i3.621

Abstract

Artisanal mining plays a strategic role in empowering the local economy, but its practice is often hampered by legal uncertainty, overlapping permits, and weak oversight. This study aims to examine the need for legal reform related to the People's Mining Business Permit (IUPR) so that it can function effectively as an instrument for improving community welfare. The research method used is a normative juridical approach, with an analysis of laws and regulations, including Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, amendments to Law Number 3 of 2020 in conjunction with Law Number 2 of 2025, and Government Regulation Number 96 of 2021 in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 25 of 2024. The results of the study indicate that although regulations already regulate the IUPR mechanism, its implementation is hampered by limited capital, overlapping areas, weak oversight, and suboptimal regional government coordination. Therefore, legal reform is needed, including strengthening derivative regulations, simplifying permit procedures, increasing access to financing, and synergy between central and regional governments so that the IUPR is truly able to provide legal certainty, encourage economic equality, and improve community welfare.
Legal Updates to the Disciplinary Sanctions Mechanism for Medical and Health Workers in Article 308 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health Arthur Daniel Thomas Betlehem; Ahmad Redi
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v3i3.622

Abstract

Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health brings significant reforms in the governance of the medical and health professional profession, replacing the previous provisions in Law No. 36 of 2009. One important innovation is the affirmation of the authority of the Professional Disciplinary Council to provide recommendations for sanctions for disciplinary violations, as stipulated in Article 308, which is supported by its implementation through Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 and Minister of Health Regulation No. 3 of 2025. This provision has broad legal implications because it regulates the mechanism of disciplinary sanctions, restrictions or revocation of practice permits, and their relationship to criminal and civil law enforcement. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach, as well as a comparative analysis of disciplinary regulations before and after the 2023 Health Law. The results of the study indicate that this reform provides a stronger, more structured, and accountable legal basis for the Professional Disciplinary Council, but creates the potential for overlapping authority with law enforcement officials and challenges in ensuring the principle of due process for medical and health workers. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, procedural clarity, and transparent appeal mechanisms are crucial to ensure a balance between patient protection, legal certainty, and the rights of health workers.
Co-Authors Ade Netra Kartika Ade Zamrah Adillah Yuswanti Adriana Dwi Hardjanti Arthur Daniel Thomas Betlehem Biem Triani Benjamin Edy Krispono Faisal Santiago Hadi Zulkarnain I Made Juni Artawan I Nengah Pasek Suryaman K. Johnson Rajagukguk Miswar Mustari Mohammad Ryan Bakry R. Nurhadi Yuwono Royan Siagian Tuti Trihastuti Sukardi