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All Journal Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir Al-Kimia Jambura Journal of Chemistry Metalurgi International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities (IJMESH) Metalurgi Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir

Mohammad Zaki Mubarok

Program Studi Teknik Metalurgi, Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan Dan Perminyakan, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Author-ID : 592757

Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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Karakterisasi Mineral dengan Analisis Sayatan Mineragrafi untuk Penentuan Mineralisasi Sphalerite (ZnS) Kostiawan Sukamto; Mohammad Zaki Mubarok; Ayub Pratama Aris; Ninasafitri Ninasafitri
Jambura Journal of Chemistry Vol 4, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34312/jambchem.v4i2.17508

Sphalerite is a mineral rich in Zinc and Iron is the main source of zinc metal production in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the mineralization in the Cigudeg area, Bogor Regency, West Java, especially the mineralization of Zinc (Zn) by using mineragraphic analysis. Mineragraphic incision analysis is performed to describe the structure and composition of a mineral, the Physico-chemical properties of the mineral, and the presence of associated minerals in the sample. Based on the test results, the mineral component of sphalerite (ZnS) 40-45% as the most dominant component, often contains inclusions of very fine copper grains measuring less than 1 m to 5 m and quartz (SiO2) 10-15% is granular, as for sulfide ore minerals. Others such as chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), pyrite (FeS2), cuprite (Cu2O), and galena (PbS) are present in small amounts.

PELINDIAN REDUKTIF BIJIH MANGAN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MOLASES DALAM SUASANA ASAM[Reductive Leaching of Manganese Ore from East Nusa Tenggara With Molasses in Sulfuric Acid Solution] Slamet Sumardi; Mohammad Zaki Mubarok; Nuryadi Saleh; F Firdiyono
Metalurgi Vol 27, No 3 (2012): Metalurgi Vol.27 No.3 Desember 2012
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

STUDI PERILAKU PELINDIAN BIJIH NIKEL LIMONIT DARI PULAU HALMAHERA DALAM LARUTAN ASAM NITRAT [Study on the Leaching Behaviour of Limonite Nickel Ore From Halmahera Island in Nitric Acid Solution] Mohammad Wildanil Fathoni; Mohammad Zaki Mubarok
Metalurgi Vol 30, No 3 (2015): Metalurgi Vol. 30 No. 3 Desember 2015
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

pelindian bijih nikel laterit maupun meregenerasi reagen pelindi menjadi fokus perhatian peneliti dan dunia industri dalam beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Salahsatu teknologi yang dikembangkan adalah pelindian bijih nikel laterit asam nitrat, dimana >95% asam nitrat yang digunakan dapat diregenerasi kembali. Pada paper ini didiskusikan perilaku pelindian bijih nikel laterit yang diperoleh dari Pulau Halmahera dalam larutan asam nitrat. Serangkaian percobaan pelindian dalam larutan asam nitrat telah dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi asam nitrat, persen padatan dan temperatur. Analisis ekeperimental faktorial desain 23 digunakan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variabel temperatur, konsentrasi asam dan persen padatan serta interaksi antara variabel-variabel tersebut dalam proses pelindian. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi Ni tertinggi yaitu 94% diperoleh pada pelindian selama 8 jam dengan konsentrasi asam 6M, 10% padatan dan temperatur 95°C. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh pada ekstraksi Ni adalah temperatur dengan persen kontribusi mencapai 78%. Selektivitas (S) pelindian Ni terhadap Fe dan Mg relatif rendah, dengan nilai rata-rata SNi/Fe dan SNi/Mg masing-masing 0,53 dan 0,50. Konsumsi asam cukup tinggi, dimana konsumsi tertinggi pada temperatur 95°C, konsentrasi asam 4M dan 10% padatan yaitu 1010 kgh./ton biji. AbstractEfforts to reduce the consumption of leaching agent either by increasing selectivity of nickel laterite oreleaching and regeneration of the leaching agent, are being the focus of researchers and industries in recentyears. One of technologies that is developed is the leaching of laterite ore in nitric acid, through which morethan 95% of nitric acid being used can be regenerated.In this paper, leaching behavior of nickel laterite orefrom Halmahera Island is discussed. A series of leaching experiments in nitric acid solution has been carriedout under variations of nitric acid concentration, solid percentage and temperature. Analysis usingexperimental factorial design of 23 was performed to determine the effects of temperature, acid concentrationand solid percentage as well as the interaction between these variables toward nickel extraction duringleaching. The experimental results show that the highest nickel extraction of 94%, was obtained from theleaching test for 8 hours using acid concentration of 6 M, 10% solid at temperature of 95 °C. The mostinfluencing variable on nickel extraction is temperature with contribution of 78%. Selectivity of Ni leachingto Fe and Mg is relatively low, with average values of SNi/Fe and SNi/Mg of 0.53 and 0.50, respectively.Acid consumption in leaching process is relatively high, which the highest consumption was at leachingtemperature of 95°C, acid concentration 4 M and 10% solid, namely 1010 kg/ton ore.

ANODISASI PADUAN AL 2024 T3 DENGAN METODE PULSE CURRENT DALAM LARUTAN ASAM TARTARAT-SULFAT (TSA) [A Preliminary Study of Corrosion for Ni3(Si,Ti) Intermetallic Compound With Various Temperatures in Neutral Sodium Chloride Solution] Mohammad Zaki Mubarok; Soleh Wahyudi; Fitrian Oddang; Sutarno Suharto
Metalurgi Vol 30, No 3 (2015): Metalurgi Vol. 30 No. 3 Desember 2015
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Sebagai alternatif proses anodisasi konvensional dalam larutan asam sulfat dan asam kromat, telah dikembangkan proses anodisasi dalam larutan asam tartarat-sulfat (TSA) untuk mendapatkan proses yang lebih ramah lingkungan dengan durasi yang lebih singkat dan menghasilkan morfologi lapisan anodize serta ketahanan korosi yang lebih baik pada paduan aluminium. Pada paper ini dipresentasikan hasil-hasil percobaan anodisasi paduan Al 2024 T3 dalam larutan asam tartarat-sulfat dengan metode pulse current dan didiskusikan pengaruh temperatur, tegangan, dan lama waktu anodisasi terhadap berat dan ketebalan lapisan anodize serta ketahanan korosi lapisan anodize. Hasil analisis variansi (ANOVA) 3 faktor menunjukkan urutan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap tebal dan berat lapisan anodize setelah sealing secara berurutan adalah temperatur, tegangan sel, dan lama waktu anodisasi. Ketebalan lapisan anodize sebanding dengan rapat arus dan waktu anodisasi yang dipengaruhi oleh temperatur dan tegangan. Berdasarkan hasil response surface dan contour plot pengaruh temperatur dan tegangan terhadap rapat arus, ketebalan dan berat lapisan anodize serta jumlah pit yang terbentuk setelah uji sembur garam selama 336 jam, kondisi proses anodisasi Al 2024 T3 dengan metode pulse current yang disarankan adalah pada selang temperatur 23-30oC dengan tegangan sel 7,3 - 10 V dan waktu proses selama 30 menit. Abstract The intermetallic compound of Ni3(Si,Ti) containing L12 single phase, have been applied as a candidate forhigh temperature material. This prelimenary study have been investigated using immersion test andpolarization test in neutral 0.5 M NaCl solution at ambient temperature,of 40 °C and 60 °C, where themorfology of the corroded spesimens were observed by scanning electron microscope. The susceptibility ofintergranular corrosion for this compound increases with increasing the temperature of solutions. Theincrease of temperature contributes for the diffulty of stable film formation with decreasing passive regions.The corrosion resistance of the compound decreased with increasing temperature test. It is implies thatintergranular attack of the compound took place due to the presence of boron in grain boundaries.

Studi Kinetika Pelindian Bijih Nikel Limonit Dari Pulau Halmahera Dalam Larutan Asam Nitrat [Kinetics Study of Nickel Limonite Ore Leaching from Halmahera Island in Nitric Acid Solution] Mohammad Zaki Mubarok; Muhammad Wildanil Fathoni
Metalurgi Vol 31, No 1 (2016): Metalurgi Vol. 31 No. 1 April 2016
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

One of the recent developments in the extraction of nickel from laterite ore by hydrometallurgical route is to use leaching reagent which can be regenerated, such as hydrochloric and nitric acids. Although the success of leaching of laterite ore has been reported, leaching kinetics study of laterite ore in nitric acid is stillpoorly published. In this paper, the results of leaching kinetics analysis of nickel laterite ore of limonite type from Halmahera Island in nitric acid solution at atmospheric pressure is discussed. The purposes of the kinetics study are to determine rate-determining step, kinetic parameters (i.e. reaction rate constant or diffusion coefficient), activation energy and the kinetics model. Leaching kinetics was studied by adopting shrinking core models (SCM). The analysis results reveal that the leaching rate of Halmahera limonite ore from Halmahera Island in nitric acid is controlled by diffusion through solid layer product with effective diffusion coefficient (De) of 2,1- 8,55 x 10-10 m2/s at the temperature range of 65-95 °C and activation energy of 46.78kJ/mol.AbstrakSalah satu perkembangan terkini proses ekstraksi nikel dari bijih laterit dengan jalur hidrometalurgi adalah dengan menggunakan reagen pelindi yang dapat diregenerasi, seperti asam klorida dan asam nitrat. Meskipun keberhasilan proses pelindian bijih nikel laterit dalam asam nitrat telah dipublikasikan, studi kinetika pelindian bijih nikel laterit dalam asam nitrat masih terbatas. Dalam paper ini dipresentasikan hasil analisis kinetika pelindian bijih nikel laterit tipe limonit dari Pulau Halmahera dalam larutan asam nitrat pada tekanan atmosfer. Studi kinetika pelindian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengendali laju reaksi, parameter kinetika (konstanta laju reaksi atau koefisien difusi), energi aktivasi reaksi dan persamaan kinetikanya. Kinetika pelindian dipelajari dengan menggunakan model shrinking core (SCM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengendali laju reaksi pada pelindian bijih limonit dari Pulau Halmahera dalam larutan asam nitrat adalah difusi melalui lapisan produk padat yang tidak/belum bereaksi dengan koefisien difusi efektif (De) sebesar 2,1- 8,55 x 10-10 m2/s pada rentang suhu 65-95oC serta energi aktivasi sebesar 46,78 kJ/mol.

Assessment of Indonesia’s Mineral Value-Added Policy: A Literature Review and Future Research Agenda Firmanto, Andri Budhiman; Wibisono, Dermawan; Siallagan, Manahan Parlindungan Saragih; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki
International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): July - December Issue
Publisher : Research Synergy Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/ijmesh.v8i1.2376

This study addresses a gap in Indonesia’s mineral-downstream policy research by identifying the optimal policy scenario for enhancing the added value of primary metal mineral commodities. This research examines competitive and comparative advantages and economic impacts using system dynamics modeling. Initially, qualitative interviews are conducted to identify elements affecting domestic refining facilities’ growth, followed by quantitative surveys and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize factors fostering these advantages. Findings suggest that developing existing theories to fit Indonesia’s specific context is crucial, and focus group discussions with key mining company decision makers are recommended to develop relevant indices. This method evaluates policy options to determine those offering the most significant economic advantage for each mineral type by analyzing unique characteristics and mapping them to suitable policies. Integrating competitive and comparative advantages into the mineral-added value policy context maximizes economic returns and provides practical recommendations for policymakers, addressing a critical gap in the literature.

Studi Ekstraksi Bijih Thorit dengan Metode Digesti Asam dan Pemisahan Thorium dari Logam Tanah Jarang dengan Metode Oksidasi-Presipitasi Selektif Said, Moch Iqbal Nur; Anggraini, Mutia; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Widana, Kurnia Setiawan
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 38 No. 2 (2017): NOVEMBER 2017
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2017.38.2.3930

Thorium (Th) is a radioactive metal that can be formed along with uranumand rare earth metals (REM). Minerals contain radioactive elements are monazite ((Ce,La,Y,U/Th)PO4), thorianite ((Th,U)O2), and thorite (ThSiO4). Mamuju Area is containing radioactive minerals, thorite is one of them. To separate REM from radioactive elements can be conducted by exctracting thorium from thorite ore by acid digestion method using sulphuric acid (H2SO4), followed by leaching and thorium recovery in the form of thorium hydroxide by chemical precipitation using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The experimental results showed that the optimum conditions of acid digestion that give the highest Th extraction percentage on solid to liquid ratio are obtained at 1:2 (g/mL) in 60 minutes with extraction percentages of Th, iron (Fe) and REM are 82.47%, 80.08%, and 83.31% respectively. The highest thorium precipitation percentage, as much as 95.47% , was obtained at pH 4.5 on room temperature (26 ± 1°C). At higher temperature (70°C), a lower percentage of thorium precipitation is obtained, as much as 83.69%. Pre-oxidation by using H2O2 solution with two times stoichiometry for 1.5 hours at room temperature is increasing Fe precipitation percentage from 93.08% to 99.93%.

Studi Pemisahan Thorium dari Besi dan Logam Tanah Jarang dalam Larutan Asam Nitrat dengan Ekstraksi Pelarut Menggunakan Ekstraktan Trioctylphosphine Oxide Briliant Briliant; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Trinopiawan, Kurnia; Prassanti, Riesna
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 38 No. 2 (2017): NOVEMBER 2017
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2017.38.2.3924

A series of solvent extraction experiment to separate thorium(Th) from iron (Fe) and rare earth metals (REE) using trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) conducted with variations of nitric acid concentration, extraction time, ratio between exctractan and diluent (g/mL), and ratio between organic solution and aqueous solution volumes (O/A), and variation of nictric acid concentration in stripping process. Thorium, iron and rare earth metals early concentration in solution feed were measured by using Inductively Coupling Plasma (ICP), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), dan Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS Spectro) respectively. The nitric acid concentration was varied at 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, and 5M. The extraction time was varied at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, meanwhile the ratio between extractan and diluent (g/mL) was varied at 2:100, 3:100, 4:100, 5:100, and 6:100 with O/A ratio at 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. At stripping stage, the nitric acid concentration was varied at 0.1M; 0.2M; 0.3M; 0.4M; and 0.5M. The result of the experiments show that the best condition was obtained on 3M nitric acid concentration, 10 minutes extraction time, 5:100 (g/mL) extractan and diluent ratio, and 1:1 O/A ratio, that resulted in 97.26% Th extraction, 7.97% Fe extraction, and 62.15% rare earth metals extraction with βTh-Fe and βTh-REE value 273.62 and 14.43 respectively. On the stripping experiment, the highest Th stripping percentage obtained as much as 51.37% at 0.3M nitric acid concentration with Fe and REE stripping percentage up to 2.72% and 2.55% respectively.

Pelindian Logam Tanah Jarang dari Terak Timah dengan Asam Klorida setelah Proses Fusi Alkali Trinopiawan, Kurnia; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Mellawati, June; Ani, Budi Yuli
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 37 No. 1 (2016): MEI 2016
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2016.37.1.2719

Tin slag, a waste product from tin smelting process, has a potency to be utilized further by extracting the valuable metals inside, such as rare earth elements(REE). The objective of this study is to determine the optimum leaching condition of REE from tin slag after alkali fusion. Silica structure in slag is causing the direct leaching uneffective. Therefore, pre-treatment step using alkali fusion is required to break the structure of silica and to increase the porosity of slag. Fusion is conducted in 2 hours at 700 oC, with ratio of natrium hidroxide (NaOH) : slag = 2 : 1. Later, frit which is leached by water then leached by chloride acid to dissolve REE. As much as 87,5% of REE is dissolved at 2 M on chloride acid (HCl) concentration, in 40o C temperature, -325 mesh particle size, 15g/100ml of S/L, 150 rpm of agitation speed, and 5 minutes of leaching time.

Preliminary Study of Yttrium Extraction from Tin Slag Using Hydrochloric Acid Hidayat, Rachmat Fauzi; Trinopiawan, Kurnia; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Rommy, Rommy; Prassanti, Riesna; Putra, Aditya Widian; Ekaputri Hidayat, Amalia; Setiawan Widana, Kurnia; Purwanti, Tri; Laksmana, Roza Indra; Basuki, Triyono; Pratama, Afiq Azfar; Indryati, Suci
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.13299

Tin slag, a byproduct of tin smelting, comprises several important metals, including yttrium, tantalum, manganese, iron, aluminum, titanium, and others. As an element that is used a lot in advanced materials, the separation of Yttrium becomes one of the most important steps in rare earth elements extraction. By using the alkali fusion process and leaching method, yttrium in the tin slag has been successfully extracted. The tin slag was subjected to an alkali fusion treatment with sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 700 °C, and the frit was ground into several particle sizes of +100 to -325 mesh using a laboratory ball mill and mortar. The frit was then leached using hydrochloric acid, with four parameters used: temperature, acid concentration, particle size, and stirring speed. The extracted yttrium reached a percentage of up to 86.94% at a temperature of 80 °C, acid concentration of 2 M, particle size of -325 mesh, and stirring speed of 150 rpm.

Co-Authors Aris, Ayub Pratama Basuki, Triyono Briliant Briliant Briliant Briliant Budi Yuli Ani Budi Yuli Ani, Budi Yuli Dermawan Wibisono Ekaputri Hidayat, Amalia F Firdiyono Fathoni, Mohammad Wildanil Fathoni, Muhammad Wildanil firdiyono, F Firmanto, Andri Budhiman Fitrian Oddang Hidayat, Rachmat Fauzi Indryati, Suci June Mellawati June Mellawati Kostiawan Sukamto, Kostiawan Kurnia Setiawan Widana Kurnia Setiawan Widana Kurnia Trinopiawan Kurnia Trinopiawan Kurnia Trinopiawan Laksmana, Roza Indra Moch Iqbal Nur Said Mohammad Wildanil Fathoni Muhammad Wildanil Fathoni Mutia Anggraini Mutia Anggraini Ninasafitri, Ninasafitri Nuryadi Saleh Nuryadi Saleh, Nuryadi Oddang, Fitrian Prasetyo Sandha Irianto Prasetyo Sandha Irianto, Prasetyo Sandha Pratama, Afiq Azfar Purwanti, Tri Putra, Aditya Widian Riesna Prassanti Riesna Prassanti Rommy, Rommy Said, Moch Iqbal Nur Setiawan Widana, Kurnia Siallagan, Manahan Parlindungan Saragih Slamet Sumardi Slamet Sumardi, Slamet Soleh Wahyudi Soleh Wahyudi Suharto, Sutarno Sutarno Suharto Sutarno Sutarno Syoni Soepriyanto Wahyudi, Soleh

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