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All Journal Jurnal Ide Bahasa International Education Trend Issues
Suhardianto Suhardianto
LP3I Jakarta
Religion Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN BATAM COMPANIES' ENGLISH BUSINESS LETTER Afriana Afriana; Ambalegin Ambalegin; Suhardianto Suhardianto
IdeBahasa Vol 5 No 1 (2023): JURNAL IDEBAHASA Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2023
Publisher : Asosiasi dosen IDEBAHASA KEPRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37296/idebahasa.v5i1.99

Abstract

This research aimed to the being pessimistic politeness strategy in the text of business letter from several Companies in Batam, Riau Island, Indonesia. This study includes multiple companies, with three companies chosen at random. Brown and Levinson (1987) define negative politeness methods as displaying restraint, formality, and distance. A descriptive qualitative method was used in analyzing the data because it would be explained by words, phrases, and sentences. The researcher employed the Sudaryanto (2015) observational method to obtain data. Brown and Levinson identified five negative politeness methods; however, in this study, the researchers focused solely on the pessimistic strategy. Pragmatics identity method was applied in analyzing the data. it was found that there were nine strategies of being pessimist politeness in the text of business letters. There are 2 data of being pessimistic in Letter 1 by PT. Vancouver Manufacturing Company, 4 data of being pessimistic in the Letter 2 by ABC Software Company, and 3 data of being pessimistic in Letter 3 by Mass Airlines Company.
The Influence of Learning Motivation, Vocabulary Mastery, Self-Confidence, and Classroom Interaction on Students' English-Speaking Ability Suhardianto Suhardianto; Evi Martiningsih; Petrus Jacob Pattiasina; Shaumiwaty Shaumiwaty
International Education Trend Issues Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): International Education Trend Issue
Publisher : PT. BATARI EDU CALYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ieti.v4i1.1513

Abstract

This study examined the influence of learning motivation, vocabulary mastery, self-confidence, and classroom interaction on students' English-speaking ability. A quantitative correlational design was employed. The population comprised junior and senior high school students in Indonesia during the 2025/2026 academic year, from which 96 students were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires measuring learning motivation, self-confidence, and classroom interaction, a vocabulary mastery test, and a speaking performance assessment. Before analysis, all instruments underwent validity and reliability testing. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics after the assumptions of normality, linearity, multicollinearity, and homoscedasticity had been assessed. The results showed that learning motivation, vocabulary mastery, self-confidence, and classroom interaction each had a positive and statistically significant influence on students' English-speaking ability. Collectively, the four independent variables significantly explained students' speaking performance, with the regression model accounting for 73.5% of the variance in English-speaking ability. Vocabulary mastery was the strongest predictor, followed by classroom interaction, learning motivation, and self-confidence. These findings indicate that improving students' speaking competence requires an integrated instructional approach that promotes vocabulary development, strengthens learning motivation and self-confidence, and facilitates meaningful classroom interaction. The study offers practical implications for English teachers seeking to design more effective communicative language-learning environments.
Co-Authors Afriana Afriana Ambalegin Ambalegin Evi Martiningsih Petrus Jacob Pattiasina Shaumiwaty Shaumiwaty