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Potensi Arkeologi di Pulau Alor Rema, I Nyoman; Prihatmoko, Hedwi
KALPATARU Vol 25, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Abstract. Alor is one of the outer islands in Indonesia bordered with Democratic Republic of Timor Leste which has numerous significant cultural heritages from the past, from megalithic tradition to the development of major religions in Indonesia. This article is written to share about archaeological potentials in Alor island which can be developed to strengthen national identity, patriotism, and improve the prosperity of Alor community. The data of this research was collected through literature reviews. The completed data was then managed using descriptive-qualitative method by defining the archaeological remains, the function, and the meaning based on the result of the research, then to sum it up, a conclusion. Some archaeological potentials in this island are misba, traditional houses, moko, bulding structures, old Quran, burial urns, and mystical-growing pots. Those archaeological potentials prove that Alor community still upholds their high cultural values and also become a communication media that establishes a harmony with God, humans, and environment.Abstrak. Alor merupakan salah satu pulau terluar Indonesia yang berbatasan dengan Negara Republik Demokratik Timor Leste dan memiliki berbagai tinggalan budaya penting dari masa lampau, berupa tradisi megalitik hingga berkembangnya agama-agama besar di Nusantara. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi arkeologi di Pulau Alor, yang kemudian perlu dikembangkan untuk memperkuat karakter dan jati diri, cinta tanah air, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Alor. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka. Setelah data terkumpul, pengolahan dilakukan secara descriptif-kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan tinggalan arkeologi, fungsi dan maknanya berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang kemudian diakhiri dengan penyimpulan. Potensi tinggalan arkeologi di pulau ini berupa misba, rumah adat, moko, struktur bangunan, Al Quran kuno, kubur tempayan, kubur ceruk, dan periuk tumbuh. Berbagai potensi arkeologi tersebut membuktikan tingginya nilai peradaban masyarakat Alor, sekaligus sebagai media komunikasi dalam membangun hubungan harmonis dengan Tuhan, sesama, dan lingkungannya.

Dinamika ekologi manusia dalam toponimi Subak Gede Pulagan-Kumba Puteri, Hanna Aanisah Juliant; Astiti Laksmi, Ni Ketut Puji; Zuraidah, Zuraidah; Prihatmoko, Hedwi
Sejarah dan Budaya: Jurnal Sejarah, Budaya, dan Pengajarannya Vol 17, No 2 (2023): Dinamika Ekologi di Indonesia: Sejarah, Budaya dan Permasalahannya
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um020v17i22023p198-211

Subak Gede Pulagan-Kumba is a part of the Subak Landscape of the Pakerisan Watershed. Pakerisan Watershed area is one of the sites that belonged to the Cultural Landscape of Bali Province which has been declared as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. The heritage is one of the great example of human ecology dymamics that has existed for hundreds of years. This research itself aims to examine the human ecology dynamics through the toponymy of Subak Gede Pulagan-Kumba. The toponymy is studied to discover interaction between subak’s ecology and its people through human’s view as part of the ecosystem who develops culture. The data in of this qualitative descriptive research was collected by several methods such as interview, observation, and literature review. The data that has been obtained indicates the community’s empirical knowledge of the human and ecology relationship. It is embedded in the toponymy of subak, so that conservation needs to be carried out to maintain the dynamics that have been long existed. Subak Gede Pulagan-Kumba merupakan bagian dari Kawasan Subak DAS Pakerisan. Kawasan tersebut merupakan salah satu situs yang termasuk ke dalam warisan budaya dunia Lanskap Budaya Provinsi Bali yang telah ditetapkan UNESCO. Pusaka tersebut merupakan salah satu contoh terbaik dalam menunjukkan sifat dinamis ekologi manusia yang telah terjalin ratusan tahun lamanya. Penelitian inii bertujuan untuk menelaah dinamika ekologi manusia tersebut melalui toponimi Subak Gede Pulagan-Kumba. Toponimi dikaji untuk mengetahui interaksi manusia dengan alam berdasarkan pandangan manusia sebagai bagian dari ekosistem yang mengembangkan kebudayaan. Penelitian ini sendiri merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan beberapa metode pengumpulan data diantaranya wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Data yang telah didapat memberikan hasil penelitian bahwa pengetahuan empiris masyarakat akan hubungan ekologi dengan manusia tertanam pada toponimi subak sehingga pelestarian perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya mempertahankan dinamika yang telah terjalin.

Konservasi Lingkungan dan Pemanfaatan Mata Air Pura Tirta Empul : Kajian Prasasti Manukaya Sutejo, Alfan Azzury; Laksmi, Ni Ketut Puji Astiti; Zuraidah; Prihatmoko, Hedwi; Kamandalu, Si Gede Bandem
AMERTA Vol. 43 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2025.8670

Abstract. Environmental Conservation and the Utilization of the Tirta Empul Temple Spring: A Study of the Manukaya Inscription. Water is a vital element for all creatures on earth. Moreover, for humans, water has a function to fulfill needs both spiritually and profanely (daily needs). One of the springs used to fulfill these two needs is at Tirta Empul Temple. To fulfill spiritual needs, the spring is used as tirtha (holy water) and to carry out the melukat procession. Profane use of this spring is used for several things, such as supplying household water in Manukaya and Tampaksiring Villages, water raw materials for PDAM Gianyar, meeting the water needs of the Tampaksiring Presidential Palace, and finally, irrigating the subaks located downstream of Tirta Empul Temple. Based on this, the things studied in this paper are related to environmental conservation activities and the use of this spring as stated in the Manukaya inscription. Apart from that, it is also necessary to observe the sustainability of conservation activities carried out by local indigenous communities. The research process is divided into three stages, namely data collection (literature study, observation, and interviews), data analysis (descriptive-qualitative and cultural ecology), and finally data interpretation to draw conclusions. The results of this research show that there are environmental conservation efforts and the use of the Tirta Empul spring in the Manukaya inscription. Conservation efforts are also carried out today by indigenous peoples by maintaining the sacredness of the main pond and having awig-awig regarding the prohibition of cutting down trees around Tirta Empul Temple. Keywords: Pura Tirta Empul, Conservation, Prasasti Manukaya, Water Spring Abstrak. Air merupakan unsur yang sangat vital bagi seluruh makhluk di bumi. Selain itu, bagi manusia, air memiliki fungsi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan baik secara spiritual maupun profane (kebutuhan sehari-hari). Salah satu sumber air yang dimanfaatkan untuk memenuhi kedua kebutuhan tersebut adalah di Pura Tirta Empul. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan spiritual, sumber air tersebut dimanfaatkan sebagai tirtha (air suci) dan untuk melaksanakan prosesi melukat. Pemanfaatan profane sumber air ini dimanfaatkan untuk beberapa hal, seperti penyediaan air rumah tangga di Desa Manukaya dan Desa Tampaksiring, bahan baku air untuk PDAM Gianyar, pemenuhan kebutuhan air Istana Kepresidenan Tampaksiring, dan terakhir, pengairan subak yang terletak di hilir Pura Tirta Empul. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka hal-hal yang dikaji dalam tulisan ini terkait dengan kegiatan pelestarian lingkungan dan pemanfaatan sumber air ini sebagaimana tercantum dalam prasasti Manukaya. Selain itu, perlu juga dicermati keberlanjutan kegiatan pelestarian yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat adat setempat. Proses penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga tahap, yaitu pengumpulan data (studi pustaka, observasi, dan wawancara), analisis data (deskriptif-kualitatif dan ekologi kultural), dan terakhir interpretasi data untuk menarik simpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya upaya pelestarian lingkungan dan pemanfaatan mata air Tirta Empul pada prasasti Manukaya. Upaya pelestarian juga dilakukan saat ini oleh masyarakat adat dengan menjaga kesakralan kolam utama dan memiliki awig-awig tentang larangan menebang pohon di sekitar Pura Tirta Empul. Kata kunci: Pura Tirta Empul, Konservasi, Prasasti Manukaya, Mata Air

REPRESENTASI ANAK WUNGŚU SEBAGAI PENGUASA KERAJAAN BALI KUNO Prihatmoko, Hedwi; Wahyudi, Wanny Rahardjo
AMERTA Vol. 41 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2023.839

Abstract. Representation of Anak Wungśu as the Ruler of the Ancient Balinese Kingdom. Representation is the process by which cultural agents use language, in a broad sense, to produce meaning, while meaning is created to represent a concept. Ancient Indonesian kings, including ancient Balinese kings, also engaged in the production of meaning to represent themselves, one of which was through inscriptions. King Anak Wungśu had a distinct portrayal as a king compared to his predecessors, particularly in the title used to address him. Nevertheless, the representation of an ideal king remained constructed around the figure of Anak Wungśu. There are three aspects to consider regarding the process of meaning production in Anak Wungśu’s inscriptions, namely the world of things, the conceptual world, and the signs. The data used are transcriptions of old Balinese inscriptions, research findings, and other scientific works related to epigraphy. Analysis was done by sorting, grouping, and translating the information within the inscriptions to provide an overview of the world of things, the conceptual world, and signs. The study in this article indicates that the representation of the ideal king of Anak Wungśu was constructed based on the concept of aṣṭabrata and his self-association with gods. The representation of this ideal king was also built through his policies as a manifestation of applying aṣṭabrata during his reign. Keywords: Inscription, Bali, Ancient History, Representation, Anak Wungśu, Ideal King, Aṣṭabrata. Abstrak. Representasi adalah proses ketika pelaku budaya menggunakan bahasa, dalam arti yang luas, untuk memproduksi makna, sedangkan makna diproduksi untuk mewakili suatu konsep. Raja-raja pada masa Indonesia Kuno, termasuk raja Bali Kuno, juga melakukan produksi makna untuk merepresentasikan dirinya, salah satunya melalui prasasti. Raja Anak Wungśu memiliki penggambaran yang berbeda sebagai seorang raja jika dibandingkan dengan raja-raja pendahulunya, terutama dalam penyebutan gelarnya. Kendati demikian, representasi sebagai raja ideal masih tetap terbangun pada sosok Anak Wungśu. Terdapat tiga aspek yang perlu diperhatikan terkait proses produksi makna di dalam prasasti Raja Anak Wungśu, yaitu dunia realitas, dunia konseptual, dan tanda. Data yang digunakan berupa transkripsi prasasti Bali kuno, hasil penelitian, dan karya ilmiah lain yang berkaitan dengan bidang epigrafi. Analisis berupa pemilahan, pengelompokan, dan penerjemahan keterangan-keterangan dalam prasasti dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran terkait dunia realitas, dunia konseptual, dan tanda. Kajian dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa representasi raja ideal dari Anak Wungśu dibangun berdasarkan konsep aṣṭabrata dan pengasosiasian diri dengan dewa. Representasi raja ideal itu dibangun juga melalui kebijakan-kebijakannya sebagai bentuk penerapan aṣṭabrata di dalam kehidupan bernegara. Kata kunci: Prasasti, Bali, Sejarah Kuno, Representasi, Anak Wungśu, Raja Ideal, Aṣṭabrata.

Upkeeping a religious foundation from time to time; A case study of "Dharma i Salingsingan" (ninth–tenth century CE) Dewanti, Tyassanti Kusumo; Bastiawan, Eko; Permata, Kezia; Prihatmoko, Hedwi
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The toponym Salingsingan is observed in several inscriptions spanning the period 791-836 Śaka (869-914 CE), through the reigns of King Lokapāla until King Daksa. Its occurrences are attributed to an area where a religious foundation was established. From these occurrences, we see several interesting topics to explore regarding the sīma institution, religious foundations (dharma), and the toponymy of early Central Java. Our aim is to demonstrate the management of the dharma of Salingsingan and to determine its present-day location by combining epigraphical records and archaeological remains. The research will first try to lay a foundation of what is meant by the terms sīma and dharma in a general context. Second, it looks at the relevant inscriptions to understand the context of Salingsingan’s occurrences. Third, it will examine how a religious foundation was managed through different patrons. Fourth, it will explore the possible locations of the Salingsingan foundation from the archaeological remains and the provenance of inscriptions. The study reveals different actors and their actions in the foundation at Salingsingan during the ninth and tenth centuries. The study of inscriptions’ provenances and the architectural styles of temples sheds light to the possible location of this foundation: the complex of Candi Asu, Lumbung, and Pendem in kabupaten Magelang. This multidisciplinary methodology of epigraphical and archaeological analysis helps us to ultimately understand the history of the foundation.

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