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Contaminant bacteria in traditional-packed honey Pramesti, Hening Tjaturina; Hardjawinata, Karlina; Fath, Putra Qadri
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 19, No 1 (2007): March
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Honey may be contaminated by microorganisms during its harvesting, processing, and packaging. Honey selected for clinical purposes must safe, sterile, and contain antimicrobial activity, so it must be evaluated using laboratory testing. The aim of this descriptive laboratory study was to isolate and identify the bacterial contaminant in the traditional-packed honey dealing with the use of honey for medical purposes. the colony forming units of honey sample cultured on blood agar were counted using Stuart bacterial colony counter. The suspected bacterial colonies were isolated and identified based on cultural morphology characteristics. The isolates of suspected bacterial colonies were stained according to Gram and Klein method and then were examined by the biochemical reaction. The results showed that there were two contaminant bacteria. Gram-positive cocci which were presumptively identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococci and gram-positive rods which were presumptively identified as Bacillus subtilis. In conclusion, the contaminant bacteria were regarded as low pathogen bacteria. The subtilin enzyme of B subtilis may cause an allergic reaction and coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis is also an opportunist pathogen. Inevitably, for medical purposes, traditional-packed honey must be well filtered, water content above 18%, and standardized sterilization without loss of an antibacterial activity or change in properties.

Temperature and holding time of instrument sterilization as an infection control of odontectomy Meliawaty, Florence; Mangundjaja, Sunardhi; Hardjawinata, Karlina
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 23, No 1 (2011): March
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Odontectomy should be performed aseptically. The goal of sterilization is the complete killing of all forms of microbial life including bacterial spores on the items being processed. Biologic monitoring provides the main guarantee of sterilization. The aim of this study was to find the interrelation of the temperature and the holding time of instrument sterilization as an infection control for the successful of lower molars odontectomy. This experimental laboratory study was conducted at the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department in the Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung and at the Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. The Protocol was performed in three methods of sterilization: dry heat with oven and ozone, dry heat with oven and infrared (125)C for 15 minutes), both were monitored by Bacillus atrophaeus as the biologic indicators, and autoclavization (121" C for 15 minutes) with Geobaciflus stearothermophilus as the biological monitoring, with 17 times repetition. After sterilization, all of the indicators were cultured on Nutrient Agar Plate (NAPS), and the subsequent growth was assessed. The colony forming units (CFUs) were counted by Stuart Electric Bacteria Colony Counter. Adequate positive and negative controls were used in every cycle. The results showed that after autoclavization, all spores were killed. In comparison with dry heat in the oven, there were still CFUs on the NAPs, but no colonies grow after 3 repetitions by oven and infrared. Heating in oven and ozone could only reduce the spore numbers, even after repeating 5 times. The reduction of the CFUs was greater in more repetition. According to the statistical analysis, the differences were significant. This study concluded that sterilization by oven and infrared will be achieved after 3 holding times (30-35 minutes) and dry heat with oven and ozone could only act as a germicide. In autoclavization, all of Geobacillus steorothermophilus have been killed.

Minimum inhibition concentration and anti-fungal contact time of quaternary ammonium and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) mixture towards Candida Albicans isolate Yunita, Elizabeth; Hardjawinata, Karlina; Dewi, Warta
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 20, No 2 (2008): July
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

The aim of this study is to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the exposure time of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA towards Candida albicans isolates from the 5 upper acrylic removable complete dentures. This experimental laboratory study was conducted based on a serial dilution of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA towards Candida albicans in 3 replications and statistically analyzed according to Kruskal-Wallis method. The result showed that the MIC of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA towards Candida albicans was in 1/8000 concentration with minimum 8 hours exposure time. This study concluded that the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA had an antifungal activity towards Candida albicans at 1/8000 concentration in 8 hours exposure time.

The antimicrobial efficacy of siwak (Salvadora persica) extract towards Streptococcus sanguis Bohari, Nurul Iradah; Hardjawinata, Karlina; Sudjarwo, Indrati
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 22, No 2 (2010): July 2010
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol22no2.26848

Introduction: Siwak (Salvadora persica) has been used for good oral hygiene maintenance purposes by the Babylonians since 7000 years ago and also by the Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Arabian. The aim of this study is to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of siwak extract towards Streptococcus sanguis as the oral-plaque-inducer, by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and exposure time, to determine whether siwak extract could be chosen as an alternative ingredient for plaque control. Methods: Type of research is experimental laboratory. The MIC test were conducted based on a serial dilution of 64%, 32%, 16%, 8%, 4%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, and 0.125% concentration of siwak extract respectively, against 5 samples of Streptococcus sanguis within three repetitions. The exposure time test has been performed within 30 seconds, 1’, 2’, 3’, and 4’ with 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% concentration of siwak extract. Results: The siwak extract can inhibit Streptococcus sanguis at the concentration of 0.25% to 0.125%. There is no antimicrobial effect towards Streptococcus sanguis until 4 minutes of exposure time. Conclusion: Siwak extract had the antimicrobial effect towards Streptococcus sanguis in minimum concentration between 0.25% - 0.125% with the exposure time more than 4 minutes.

Temperature and holding time of instrument sterilization as an infection control of odontectomy Meliawaty, Florence; Mangundjaja, Sunardhi; Hardjawinata, Karlina
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 23, No 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Odontectomy should be performed aseptically. The goal of sterilization is the complete killing of all forms of microbial life including bacterial spores on the items being processed. Biologic monitoring provides the main guarantee of sterilization. The aim of this study was to find the interrelation of the temperature and the holding time of instrument sterilization as an infection control for the successful of lower molars odontectomy. This experimental laboratory study was conducted at the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department in the Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung and at the Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. The Protocol was performed in three methods of sterilization: dry heat with oven and ozone, dry heat with oven and infrared (125)C for 15 minutes), both were monitored by Bacillus atrophaeus as the biologic indicators, and autoclavization (121" C for 15 minutes) with Geobaciflus stearothermophilus as the biological monitoring, with 17 times repetition. After sterilization, all of the indicators were cultured on Nutrient Agar Plate (NAPS), and the subsequent growth was assessed. The colony forming units (CFUs) were counted by Stuart Electric Bacteria Colony Counter. Adequate positive and negative controls were used in every cycle. The results showed that after autoclavization, all spores were killed. In comparison with dry heat in the oven, there were still CFUs on the NAPs, but no colonies grow after 3 repetitions by oven and infrared. Heating in oven and ozone could only reduce the spore numbers, even after repeating 5 times. The reduction of the CFUs was greater in more repetition. According to the statistical analysis, the differences were significant. This study concluded that sterilization by oven and infrared will be achieved after 3 holding times (30-35 minutes) and dry heat with oven and ozone could only act as a germicide. In autoclavization, all of Geobacillus steorothermophilus have been killed.

Contaminant bacteria in traditional-packed honey Pramesti, Hening Tjaturina; Hardjawinata, Karlina; Fath, Putra Qadri
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 19, No 1 (2007): March 2007
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Honey may be contaminated by microorganisms during its harvesting, processing, and packaging. Honey selected for clinical purposes must safe, sterile, and contain antimicrobial activity, so it must be evaluated using laboratory testing. The aim of this descriptive laboratory study was to isolate and identify the bacterial contaminant in the traditional-packed honey dealing with the use of honey for medical purposes. the colony forming units of honey sample cultured on blood agar were counted using Stuart bacterial colony counter. The suspected bacterial colonies were isolated and identified based on cultural morphology characteristics. The isolates of suspected bacterial colonies were stained according to Gram and Klein method and then were examined by the biochemical reaction. The results showed that there were two contaminant bacteria. Gram-positive cocci which were presumptively identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococci and gram-positive rods which were presumptively identified as Bacillus subtilis. In conclusion, the contaminant bacteria were regarded as low pathogen bacteria. The subtilin enzyme of B subtilis may cause an allergic reaction and coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis is also an opportunist pathogen. Inevitably, for medical purposes, traditional-packed honey must be well filtered, water content above 18%, and standardized sterilization without loss of an antibacterial activity or change in properties.

Minimum inhibition concentration and anti-fungal contact time of quaternary ammonium and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) mixture towards Candida Albicans isolate Yunita, Elizabeth; Hardjawinata, Karlina; Dewi, Warta
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 20, No 2 (2008): July 2008
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

The aim of this study is to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the exposure time of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA towards Candida albicans isolates from the 5 upper acrylic removable complete dentures. This experimental laboratory study was conducted based on a serial dilution of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA towards Candida albicans in 3 replications and statistically analyzed according to Kruskal-Wallis method. The result showed that the MIC of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA towards Candida albicans was in 1/8000 concentration with minimum 8 hours exposure time. This study concluded that the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA had an antifungal activity towards Candida albicans at 1/8000 concentration in 8 hours exposure time.

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