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All Journal Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format Public Policy : Jurnal Aplikasi Kebijakan Publik dan Bisnis
Rizal Budi Santoso
Universitas Widyatama
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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ANALYSIS OF EXCHANGE RATES AND INTEREST RATES ON INDONESIA'S NON-OIL AND GAS EXPORT VALUE Denny Saputera; Rizal Budi Santoso; Dwi Fauziansyah Moenardy; Rizqi Muttaqin; Rina Ariyanthi Dewi
Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) Vol 7 No 5 (2024): Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/costing.v7i5.12283

Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of exchange rates and interest rates on Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports from 2006 to 2022, recognizing the sector's importance in the Indonesian economy. Data reveal a significant increase in non-oil and gas exports from USD 155.9 billion in 2019 to USD 275.9 billion in 2022, driven by strong global demand from major economies such as China, the United States, and India. The analysis indicates that exchange rates have a positive effect on non-oil and gas exports, though the impact is statistically insignificant with a p-value exceeding 0.05. In contrast, interest rates exhibit a significant negative impact on export values, with a p-value of 0.022, suggesting that higher interest rates may reduce export volumes. Assumption testing reveals no issues with multicollinearity, autocorrelation, or heteroscedasticity, ensuring the validity of the results. In conclusion, while exchange rates positively affect exports, the impact is not significant; interest rates, however, have a significant negative effect, indicating the need for lower interest rate policies to support the growth of Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports.
DAMPAK BREXIT TERHADAP REGULASI IZIN KERJA DI INGGRIS RAYA Arghaza Ghafaralli; Rizal Budi Santoso
Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): COSTING : Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/costing.v8i2.14699

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak pasca-Brexit terhadap perdagangan jasa, tenaga kerja migran, dan regulasi ketenagakerjaan di Inggris. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Brexit memunculkan hambatan baru dalam perdagangan jasa, termasuk regulasi yang lebih ketat dan peningkatan biaya non-tarif, yang berdampak pada daya saing penyedia jasa internasional. Penurunan akses terhadap tenaga kerja migran terampil, terutama di sektor kesehatan dan perawatan sosial, berkontribusi pada penurunan kualitas layanan. Ketidakpastian hukum dan regulasi juga menghambat investasi serta inovasi dalam sektor jasa, yang berimplikasi pada pertumbuhan ekonomi Inggris. Pekerja migran menghadapi tantangan signifikan akibat kebijakan imigrasi berbasis poin yang lebih ketat, termasuk risiko kehilangan hak dan perlindungan. Selain itu, diskriminasi dan stigma sosial, terutama terhadap pekerja perempuan, memperburuk kondisi psikologis mereka. Regulasi ini menciptakan ketegangan antara kebutuhan tenaga kerja di sektor tertentu dan kebijakan imigrasi yang ketat, yang pada akhirnya memengaruhi daya tarik investasi asing. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya kebijakan yang inklusif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan tenaga kerja serta integrasi pekerja migran untuk meningkatkan daya saing Inggris di pasar global dan menjaga kesejahteraan sosial. Upaya kolaboratif antara pemerintah, masyarakat sipil, dan sektor swasta diperlukan untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang aman dan mendukung bagi pekerja migran, sekaligus memulihkan keunggulan komparatif Inggris dalam perdagangan jasa.
ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY REGARDING INDONESIA’S EXPORTS OF PROCESSED COCOA POWDER TO INDIA FOR THE PERIOD 2015–2025 Desti Purnama; Rizal Budi Santoso
Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/qk42qa70

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of cocoa bean export duty policy in promoting the downstream development of the cocoa industry and increasing Indonesia’s cocoa powder exports to India during the 2015–2025 period. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using document analysis from Trade Map, UN Comtrade, BPS, and various scientific publications. The findings indicate that the export duty policy has successfully reduced raw cocoa bean exports and encouraged the growth of the domestic cocoa processing industry. The increased availability of raw materials has also supported cocoa powder exports to India as one of the potential export markets. However, the downstreaming process still challenges, including low cocoa productivity and limited domestic raw material supply
Analysis of Indonesia International Trade Policy on Domestic Component Level Policies in The Import Licensing of Iphone 16 in Indonesia Muhammad Saeful Bahri; Rizal Budi Santoso
Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - April
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grmilf.v6i2.2052

Abstract

This study analyzes Indonesia’s international trade policy through the implementation of the Domestic Component Level (Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri/TKDN) requirement in the import licensing of the iPhone 16. The TKDN policy represents a form of protectionism aimed at strengthening domestic industries, reducing dependence on imported products, and encouraging foreign investment to contribute to local value creation. However, the enforcement of this policy has generated significant challenges, particularly for multinational corporations such as Apple, as reflected in the delay of iPhone 16 distribution in Indonesia in October 2024 due to non-compliance with TKDN standards. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using secondary data, including government regulations, policy documents, official reports, and relevant literature, supported by institutional perspectives from the Ministry of Industry and regional trade authorities. The analysis focuses on regulatory frameworks, implementation mechanisms, and the economic implications of TKDN enforcement in the smartphone sector. The findings indicate that while the TKDN policy has contributed to promoting local production, technology transfer, and workforce involvement, it also poses administrative, regulatory, and market challenges that may affect investment attractiveness and supply chain efficiency. The study highlights the need for regulatory refinement, improved certification processes, and enhanced policy coordination to ensure that TKDN effectively balances domestic industrial protection with openness to international trade and innovation.
STRATEGI HEDGING DALAM KEBIJAKAN LARANGAN EKSPOR NIKEL DI INDONESIA Amelia Zahara Mulya; Rizal Budi Santoso
Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): COSTING : Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/t7f6mb50

Abstract

This study aims to analyze how Indonesia’s nickel ore export ban and smelter investment regulation function as a national economic hedging strategy in dealing with global commodity price fluctuations and international trade uncertainties. The research applies a descriptive qualitative approach using secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, BKPM, TradeMap, government regulatory documents, and relevant literature.The findings show that the downstreaming policy successfully shifted Indonesia’s export structure from primary commodities to higher value-added products such as ferronickel, Nickel Pig Iron, stainless steel, and battery-related materials. Smelter investment regulation also strengthens supply chain integration, increases domestic industrial capacity, broadens market coverage, and enhances income stability through medium- to long-term trade arrangements. Therefore, downstreaming policy and investment regulation serve as an effective non-financial hedging strategy that increases value added, economic resilience, and Indonesia’s bargaining power in global trade.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENURUNAN VOLUME EKSPOR KOPI INDONESIA KE NEGARA JEPANG DARI TAHUN 2021-2024 Nabilla Putri Ayu Mareta; Rizal Budi Santoso
Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): COSTING : Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/p95vd536

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan volume ekspor kopi Indonesia ke Jepang pada periode 2021–2024, di tengah meningkatnya konsumsi kopi di negara tersebut. Jepang merupakan pasar potensial bagi kopi Indonesia, khususnya pada segmen premium, namun data Badan Pusat Statistik menunjukkan tren penurunan volume ekspor dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik, Trademap, serta kajian literatur terkait. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Teori Fungsi Permintaan Ekspor Goldstein–Khan, Teori Diferensiasi Kualitas dan Preferensi Konsumen (Pendekatan Lancasterian), serta Model Diamond Porter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan ekspor dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal berupa dominasi kopi robusta green bean, keterbatasan kualitas dan pengolahan pascapanen, serta faktor eksternal berupa preferensi konsumen Jepang terhadap kopi arabika specialty, ketatnya standar mutu, dan persaingan dari negara eksportir utama. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan kualitas dan diversifikasi produk untuk memperkuat daya saing ekspor kopi Indonesia.
RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE II AS A NON‑TARIFF TRADE BARRIER TO INDONESIAN CRUDE PALM OIL EXPORTS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION IN 2020–2024 Rivany Lerian Putri Supriadin; Rizal Budi Santoso
Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/0pdm5176

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) Uni Eropa berfungsi sebagai hambatan non-tarif terhadap ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Indonesia pada periode 2020–2024. Analisis difokuskan pada empat mekanisme keberlanjutan, yaitu greenhouse gas emission savings, sustainability criteria, klasifikasi High Indirect Land Use Change (High ILUC-risk), serta certification dan traceability. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur, meliputi regulasi Uni Eropa, dokumen pemerintah, laporan resmi, artikel ilmiah, dan statistik perdagangan internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa RED II membentuk hambatan non-tarif melalui peningkatan persyaratan teknis dan administratif yang berdampak pada biaya kepatuhan serta kompleksitas akses pasar bagi eksportir CPO Indonesia. Meskipun ekspor CPO Indonesia ke Uni Eropa mengalami penurunan selama periode penelitian, kondisi tersebut tidak sepenuhnya disebabkan oleh RED II, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh pandemi COVID-19, fluktuasi harga minyak nabati global, dan kebijakan pembatasan ekspor Indonesia pada tahun 2022. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa RED II membatasi akses pasar melalui mekanisme keberlanjutan yang secara kumulatif memengaruhi daya saing ekspor CPO Indonesia di Uni Eropa.
Impact Analysis of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine on McDonald’s Operations in Russia Dea Harmonita Ernst; Rizal Budi Santoso
Public Policy : Jurnal Aplikasi Kebijakan Publik dan Bisnis Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Public Policy : Jurnal Aplikasi Kebijakan Publik dan Bisnis
Publisher : Univiversitas Dr. Djar Wattiheluw

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

McDonald’s is a highly popular multinational fast-food company that has operated in Russia for over 30 years. However, following the Russia-Ukraine invasion, its operations became unstable, leading the company to decide to close its outlets and sell its business to local entrepreneurs. This decision was prompted by various factors, including community activism and international sanctions. Moreover, the company incurred significant financial losses due to the closure of its stores, totaling $1.4 billion. This study also investigates how McDonald’s adapted to the risk of brand dilution by rebranding as Vkusno i Tocha to protect its global image. Using a descriptive qualitative method with an analytical framework based on Nash Equilibrium theory and conflict theory. The result of this study; finds that McDonald’s acknowledged the need to withdraw from the Russian market due to the invasion and aimed to mitigate further negative impacts.
Co-Authors Amelia Zahara Mulya Arghaza Ghafaralli Dea Harmonita Ernst Desti Purnama Dwi Fauziansyah Moenardy Muhammad Saeful Bahri Nabilla Putri Ayu Mareta Rina Ariyanthi Dewi Rivany Lerian Putri Supriadin Rizqi Muttaqin Saputera, Denny