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POTENTIAL OF RED OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) ETHANOL EXTRACT TO PROTECT AGAINST 7, 12-DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE-INDUCED DAMAGE IN RAT'S (Rattus norvegicus) Liver Lukiteswari Dyah Tri Hapsari; Kusuma Eko Purwantari; Indri Safitri Mukono; Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih; Nadyatul Ilma Indah Savira
Majalah Biomorfologi Vol. 34 No. 1 (2024): MAJALAH BIOMORFOLOGI
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mbiom.v34i1.2024.10-18

Abstract

Highlights: Red okra pods have a potential antioxidant to protect against DMBA-induced damage in a rat's liver. The liver protection with ROE decreased reversible and irreversible cellular damage from 51.8% to 35%, 27.3%, and 18.9%.   Abstract Background: Okra (Abelmonchus esculentus (L.) Moench) is a plant that has potential for humans and health because it contains high antioxidants such as polyphenols. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the red okra pods' ethanol extract (ROE) antioxidant potential to protect rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) liver against damage by induction of 7, 12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Material and Method: The material used was various doses of red okra pods with ethanol as solvent. Twenty-five female rats (4 weeks, body weight 140”150 g) were divided into five groups: negative control (receiving a single dose of 0.5 mL corn oil as DMBA solvent), positive control (receiving a single dose induction of DMBA 80 mg/kg BW dissolved in 0.5 mL corn oil), and treatment groups 1, 2, 3 (receiving a single dose of DMBA 80 mg/kg BW dissolved in 0.5 mL corn oil and ROE of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW, respectively, daily for 35 days). On day 36, the livers were removed and prepared for histopathological observation using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The method of histopathological score was determined using an ordinal score. Result: The data were analyzed statistically (p>0.05). All ROE doses showed a significant decrease in the histopathological score of rats' liver damage caused by DMBA-induced. The liver protection with ROE reduced the percentages of reversible and irreversible cellular damage from 51.8% to 35%, 27.3%, and 18.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The red okra pod ethanol extract can protect against DMBA-induced liver damage in rats.
Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line Dewi, Firli Rahmah Primula; Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih; Adelah Putri Milenia Sari; Umi Nur Alfiah; Vuanghao Lim; Ummi Zubaidah; Alfiah Hayati
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.2.211-220

Abstract

Breast cancer can perform metastasis to distant organs and cause more than 90% of malignancy-related deaths. The anti-metastasis potency of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin against MCF-7 cells is currently studied. First, IC50 determination of both free annonacin and squamocin to evaluate their potency as cytotoxic agents. Upon getting the IC50 value, both compounds are conjugated into nanodiamonds. Drug loading efficiencies of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin are 88.9% and 89.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ND-annonacin and ND-squamocin complex size is 150-300 nm based on SEM imaging. Subsequently, cell viability assessment of MCF-7 was performed with six cohort designs, namely, K (control cell), AN (annonacin), SQ (squamocin), NDAN (nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin), and NDSQ (nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin). Both IC50 and cell viability are assessed by MTT assay after 24 h incubation. All cohorts also underwent gene expression analysis subject to the metastasis markers CTNND1 (catenin delta 1), NOTCH4, and C-JUN. Here, the IC50 of both free annonacin (4.52 µg/ml) and squamocin (10.03 µg/ml) are more than IC50 of potent anticancer (< 4 µg/ml) for pure compounds. However, nanodiamond conjugation to both compounds can decrease cell viability better than free compounds. Compared to K, nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin significantly decreases cell viability after 24 h incubation. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed significant pro-metastasis (C-JUN and NOTCH4) upregulation and anti-metastasis (CTNND1) downregulation in tumors compared to normal. Recent findings demonstrated that nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin can significantly upregulate CTNND1 and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4. Even so, nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin upregulate CTNND1 but not significantly and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4.