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Journal : Serambi Engineering

Analisis Pemanfaatan Oksidator Ramah Lingkungan sebagai Alternatif Amonium Perklorat dalam Propelan Komposit untuk Mendukung Kemandirian Industri Pertahanan , Nurul Ilmi; Timbul Siahaan; I Nengah Putra; Rizky Dwiandra Putra; Aris Haryanto
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Composite propellants are the primary fuel in rocket propulsion systems, consisting of a binder, fuel, and oxidizer. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) has long been used as an oxidizer in composite propellants due to its high performance and optimal combustion characteristics. However, the use of AP has negative environmental impacts due to hydrogen chloride (HCl) emissions, which contribute to air pollution and the potential for acid rain. Therefore, environmentally friendly alternative oxidizers are needed to support the defense industry. This study employs a qualitative method based on a literature review to analyze alternative oxidizers such as ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium dinitramide (ADN), hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF), and hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW). The findings indicate that ADN is the most promising alternative to AP due to its good oxygen balance, high specific impulse (Isp), and more environmentally friendly combustion products. Meanwhile, HNF and HNIW exhibit high performance but are less stable and more sensitive to shocks. AN is a more economical and readily available oxidizer; however, it has limitations in terms of thermal stability and burn rate. These alternative oxidizers have the potential to replace AP in reducing environmental impact while supporting the self-sufficiency of the defense industry, considering aspects of safety, energy efficiency, and environmental impact. Further research is needed to enhance the stability of ADN and develop more efficient and sustainable production strategies for alternative oxidizers.
Exploration of Cellulose-Based Matrix Materials: A Comparative Study in the Development of Radar Absorbing Materials for Military Applications Indriani, Sulfi; Sri Yanto; I Nengah Putra
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Exploring cellulose-based matrix materials for Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) is a strategic way to advance defence technology, emphasising both technical effectiveness and environmental sustainability. This study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to identify, evaluate and analyse previous research on the use of cellulose-based matrices compared with conventional materials such as epoxy, polyurethane (PU) and graphene. Comprehensive data was collected from indexed scientific databases (ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley and Google Scholar), covering publications from 2013 to 2025. The findings reveal that, when combined with graphene or carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers, cellulose aerogels can achieve reflection loss (RL) values as low as −70 dB, outperforming most conventional materials. Furthermore, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with an ultrathin thickness of only 0.028 mm demonstrates high absorption efficiency of 98.2%. While limitations remain in terms of bandwidth and thermal stability, cellulose offers significant advantages, including low density, low cost, biodegradability and the availability of renewable resources. These results highlight cellulose as a highly promising alternative matrix material for RAM in military applications, while simultaneously supporting the green defence agenda and strengthening the resilience of the defence industry.