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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Cancer JIPI (Jurnal IPA dan Pembelajaran IPA)
Riasa, I Nyoman Putu
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health

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The Correlation of PD-L1 Overexpression With Tumor Budding In Cervical Carcinoma Lestari, Desak Putu Oki; Analysa, Analysa; Armerinayanti, Ni Wayan; Riasa, I Nyoman Putu; Artha, I Gusti Alit
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1103

Abstract

Background: Several studies have proven the relationship between PD-L1, which is known as an immunotherapy target, and poor prognosis. The presence of a tumor budding (TB) group tumor outside the main tumor is also associated with a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between PD-L1 and the grade of TB in cervical carcinoma. Methods: The design of this research is a case-control study with a retrospective approach. The sample is from a paraffin block of the primary cervical cancer tumor from the results of surgery in Balimed Denpasar Hospital between 2020 and 2023. From the statistical formula for the case-control study, a minimum sample of 15 is obtained for the case group with the criteria of high-grade TB, while 15 people were in the control group with low-grade TB. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) PD-L1 is positive if the membrane or cytoplasm is brown, and is negative if there is no brown color on the membrane or cytoplasm. Inferential statistics were used to evaluate the relationship between PD-L1 overexpression and low- and high-grade TB in cervical carcinoma using a chi-square test. Results: The results of this research revealed (p = 0.273) that there was no correlation between PD-L1 expression and high- and low-grade TB. Overexpression of PD-L1 was associated with a 2.250-fold increased risk of high-grade TB (OR = 2.250 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.103–1.915). Conclusions: The severity of TB does not correlate with PD-L1 expression. The functions of PD-L1 and other variables in the carcinogenesis of TB development are the cause of this weak association.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Lemongrass Stem Extract and Cream Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Suaniti*, Ni Made; Riasa, I Nyoman Putu; Puspawati, Ni Made; Samirana, Oka; Wahab, Roswanira Abdul; Valineli, Samanthi Elani; Aryasuadnyana, I Nyoman Krisnanda
Jurnal IPA & Pembelajaran IPA Vol 9, No 3 (2025): SEPTEMBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jipi.v9i3.48054

Abstract

Lemongrass is one of the plants that grows in Indonesia, is easy to find, and contains active compounds with potential antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to analyze phytochemical and antioxidant activity of lemongrass stem extract and functional groups in its cream formulation. The lemongrass stems were extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent, and the resulting extract was evaporated to obtain a thick lemongrass stem extract. The method of analyze the lemongrass stem extract and the cream formulation was carried out using phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity tests were performed on the lemongrass stem extract against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as a free radical and measured at a wavelength of 517 nm using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The cream base, and the cream containing the lemongrass stem extract ware tested by fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer to identify functional groups in the extract and cream was conducted using the KBr pellet method. The results showed that the cream with 10% lemongrass stem extract had the strongest antioxidant activity compared to the 7.5 and 5% concentrations, with an IC50 value of 722.12 ppm, which is categorized as weak antioxidant activity. Functional group analysis showed that the cream without the addition of lemongrass stem extract had no absorption or detectable functional groups, whereas the three creams with lemongrass stem extract showed increased transmittance, with the presumed functional groups being hydroxyl (OH), methyl (CH3), and carbonyl (C=O)
Co-Authors Analysa - Artha, I Gusti Alit Aryasuadnyana, I Nyoman Krisnanda Desak Putu Oki Lestari Ni Made Puspawati Ni Wayan Armerinayanti, Ni Wayan Samirana, Oka Suaniti*, Ni Made Valineli, Samanthi Elani Wahab, Roswanira Abdul