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All Journal Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Jurna Beta Kimia
Yunita, Vivi Alfi
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Chitinase Enzyme-Producing Endophytic Bacterias From the Roots of the Plant Gembolo (Dioscorea bulbifera): Isolation, Characterization and its Potential as an Antifungal Agent Yunita, Vivi Alfi; Natsir, Hasnah; Ahmad, Ahyar; Baharuddin, Maswati
Molekul Vol 19 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.1.9422

Abstract

Chitinase is an enzyme of the chitinolytic group that has many roles in agriculture, especially as an antifungal, because chitin is one of the constituent components of the fungal cell wall. This study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from gembolo (Dioscorea bulbifera) roots and to characterize the chitinase enzyme from these endophytic bacteria to be used as an antifungal. Isolation and identification of gembolo plant root endophytic bacteria using PCR method of 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Characterization of the chitinase enzyme produced includes determining of optimum pH, temperature, and substrate UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Antagonistic test of the chitinase enzyme and endophytic bacterial isolates (isolate K4) Fusarium oxysporum. The results showed that bacterial isolate K4 had with chitinolytic index of 2.45 mm. Electrophoresis results with PCR 16s rRNA gene; the length of the amplified fragment is the position of 1300 bp. By doing the BLAST process in GenBank, the bacterial isolate has 97.93% similarity with Enterobacter cloacae. Then, this endophytic bacteria is called Enterobacter cloacae K4-G. This bacterium produced chitinase enzyme reaching maximum chitinase activity at the 38 hours with an activity of 0.0312 U/mL. The chitinase characterization results of E. cloacae K4-G showed that the optimum conditions were reached at at pH 6, temperature 45 ᵒC, and 2.5% substrate with a chitinase activity value of 0.2467 U/mL. Chitinase enzyme and bacteria Enterobacter cloacae K4-G can inhibit the growth of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Therefore, Chitinase from Enterobacter cloacae K4-G can be used as an antifungal pathogen in plants.
Comparison of Cellulose Extraction Methods from Lontar (Borassus flabellifer) and Salak (Salacca zalaacca) Fronds Rusdin, Aisyah; Harun, Rahmah; Yunita, Vivi Alfi; Awaluddin, Awaluddin
Jurnal Beta Kimia Vol 5 No 1 (2025): Volume 5 Number 1, May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/jbk.v5i1.21199

Abstract

Palmyra fronds and salak fronds are waste products from the palmyra and salak plants that have not been optimally utilized. However, the high cellulose content in these fronds offers potential applications across various fields. This study aimed to extract and compare cellulose from lontar (Borassus flabellifer) and salak (Salacca zalacca) frond waste using two methods: alkaline sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solvent and nitric acid (HNO₃) hydrolysis. After soaking and heating, the extraction was performed through a bleaching process. The yield results showed that lontar fronds produced the highest yield of 64.22% using the acid hydrolysis method, while salak fronds yielded 46.8%. The cellulose obtained from lontar fronds was gray, and from salak fronds, it was white, indicating differences in purity. After treatment, the disappearance of the carbonyl group (C=O) in the FTIR functional group analysis indicated successful delignification. Common cellulose functional groups such as O-H, C-H, and C-O, as well as β-1,4 glycosidic bands, were detected at wave numbers 895-897 cm⁻¹, indicating that the cellulose structure was well preserved. Cellulose from both lontar and salak fronds has great potential to serve as an environmentally friendly alternative raw material for applications in bioplastics, bioethanol, and other cellulose derivatives.
Co-Authors Ahyar Ahmad Awaluddin Awaluddin Harun, Rahmah Hasnah Natsir Maswati Baharuddin Rusdin, Aisyah