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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences
Joseph, Ikwebe
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Physics Social Sciences Other

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A Review of Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals in Industrial Waste Water Joseph, Ikwebe; David, Bando Christopher; Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i1.2660

Abstract

Environmental Pollutants such as heavy metals poised serious threat to biological systems. Heavy metals which could be natural or anthropogenic sourced are non-degradable pollutants and must be eliminated or reduced to certain quantity that is analytically presumed to be a safe limit before discharging into the environment to avoid injurious effects on biological systems. This review work showed the abilities of microalgae to biologically remove heavy metals from waste water through the process known as ‘Phycoremediation’. Phycoremediation of heavy metals with the help of microalgae takes place in two stages: Biosorption and Bioaccumulation. Microalgae such as Nannochloropsis oculata, Scenedesmus sp, Scenedesmus obtusus, Gracilaria corticata, Sarcodia suidae and Spirulina sp has been proven to phycoremediate; Pb, Cr, Hg, As, Cd, and Cu respectively. Therefore, this review work has shown that the microalgae are efficient biological vectors for heavy metal uptake.
An Investigation of the Level of Heavy Metals Contamination of Goat Meat Roasted with Scrap Tyres in Wukari, Nigeria Joseph, Ikwebe; David, Bando Christopher; Agyo, David Ata; Tadawus, Rejoice Habila
International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences Vol 2 No 1 (2024): International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijhess.v2i1.2563

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential for heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Cu) contamination of goat meat roasted with scrap tyres in Wukari using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Goat meat samples were obtained from two slaughter points (new market and Mammara). The results revealed the mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, and Cu in the unroasted goat meat samples (UMN and UMM) in both new market and Mammara slaughtering points as 1.7600 ± 1.4000, 0.0012 ±0.0000, 0.8700, 3.2500 ± 0.0000, 0.0025 ± 0.0000, and 0.7850 ± 0.0071 mg/kg respectively. Cd and Pb were not detected in any of the samples. The mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, Cd, and Cu in the goat meat roasted with scrap tyres (RMN1 and RMM1) in both slaughtering houses (new market and Mammara) were 4.1300 ± 0.0141, 0.0025 ± 0.0001, 0.0011 ± 0s.0000, 1.1250 ± 0.0071, 5.1500 ± 0.0000, 0.0035 ± 0.0001, 0.0012 ± 0.0000, and 1.0500 ± 0.0000 mg/kg respectively. Pb was not detected in all the samples. Also, the mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, and Cu in the goat meat roasted with firewood (RMN2 and RMM2) in slaughtering houses (new market and Mammara) were 3.7750 ± 0.0000 mg/kg, 0.0013 ± 0.0000, 0.9850 ± 0.0000, 4.9150 ± 0.0071, 0.0026 ± 0.0000, and 0.8650 ± 0.021 mg/kg respectively. Cd was detected in the samples obtained from Mammara (0.0012 ± 0.0000) but was not detected in the samples collected from new market. Pb was not detected in any of the samples obtained from both slaughtering houses. The mean concentrations of Fe and Cu in (UMN, UMM), (RMN1, RMM1), and (RMN2, RMM2) in both slaughtering points were above the maximum permissible level set by (FAO) and (WHO).The result of this present study show that the practice of roasting goat meat with scrap tyres is dangerous because the meat could accumulate high and unacceptable levels of heavy metals that could pose a threat to human lives, and hence, should be outlawed.
Investigation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Bread Baked and Sold in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State Nigeria Joseph, Ikwebe; David, Bando Christopher
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2661

Abstract

Heavy metals are pollutants that are of global significance due to their toxicological properties when their intake significantly exceeds recommended levels. They are persistent in the environment, and may be unintentionally present in raw materials used for production of bread; they may migrate from packaging into food, or find their way into finished food products due to anthropogenic activities. The present study investigated the presence of heavy metals in bread baked and sold in Makurdi, Metropolis, to ascertain their safety for consumption. Twenty different bread brands were sampled twice from bakeries and distribution outlets within Makurdi, metropolis respectively. The heavy metal analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The varied concentrations of heavy metals in mg/kg of Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd in Bread Loaves from Bakeries (BFB) and in Bread Loaves from Distribution Outlets (BFD) were determined. Cd was not detected in BFB and flour, but it was present in one sample in BFD. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was employed to separate the means. Though, most of the studied heavy metals were within permissible limits, caution should be taken when consuming bread, because of their ability to persist and bio-accumulate in bio-systems.
Physicochemical Characterisation and Nutritional Evaluation of Oils from Selected Underutilised Oilseeds Jivini, Za’aku Salvation; Adebisi, Arowora Kayode; Joseph, Ikwebe
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 4 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i4.3304

Abstract

The study investigated the physicochemical and nutritional parameters of selected underutilized oilseeds: African oil bean seed, tea seed, African locust bean seed, castor seed, cotton seed and tomato seed. The six oilseed samples were collected from different sources in Nigeria. The seed samples were treated with drying, dehulling and grinding, before they were analysed for the physicochemical and nutritional parameters. The physicochemical parameters determined were: iodine value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, acid value, saponification value, refractive index, specific gravity and pH. The nutritional parameters included: vitamins, minerals, amino acids profile, crude protein and fatty acid profile. The acidity or alkalinity of the oils analysed were measured, the protein contents were analysed using Kjeldahl method, while amino acids determination, fatty acid profile together with water and fat soluble vitamins were determined using Isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), minerals were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometers (AAS). Findings in this study revealed that oils with iodine value less than 100 gI2/100g of oil are considered non-drying oils. Therefore, all the oils in this study are considered to be non-drying oils because their iodine values were less than 100g. Therefore, non-drying oils are not suitable for ink and paint production due to their non-drying characteristics. All the oils analysed in this study were considered fresh because their perioxide values are less than 10 mEq/kg. Fatty acids profile had significance diferences in all the columns. The findings in this study revealed the physicochemical and the nutritional levels of oils from the samples analysed which showed that they all have appreciable nutrient levels which are good for human consumption. The level of protein and essential amino acids are generally higher in Tea seeds oil than other samples analysed. It was further revealed that tea seed oil had highest amount of essential amino acids for lysine, methionine, leucine, tryptophan, threonine and arginine. However African oil bean seed had the highest amount of vitamins A, B2, C, and K and also had the highest level of sodium and potassium.
Co-Authors Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa Adebisi, Arowora Kayode Agyo, David Ata David, Bando Christopher Jivini, Za’aku Salvation Tadawus, Rejoice Habila