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Drissianti, Putri

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Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Pendidikan kesehatan tentang 4 pilar penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Desa Tanoh Anou Drissianti, Putri
JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR) Kerja sama dengan: Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kep Akademi Keperawatan Baitul Hikmah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/phc.v5i4.1118

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the sixth leading cause of death in the world with a significant increase in the number of cases over the past decade, and has an impact on decreasing life expectancy, increasing morbidity, and decreasing quality of life. Diabetes is an incurable disease and can only be controlled through management through four pillars, namely education, diet, exercise, and medication. Purpose: To provide knowledge about the control and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.. Method: This community service activity was carried out in Tanoh Anou Village, Idi Rayeuk Health Center UPTD working area on May 19, 2025. The implementing team was from prolanis nurses at the UPTD Health Center located in Idi Rayeuk City. This activity was attended by 25 participants and cadres of Tanoh Anou Village. The team provided questionnaire sheets to participants with assistance to fill out questions/statements related to diabetes mellitus according to their conditions and experiences as initial data in measuring the level of knowledge of diabetes mellitus management (pre-test). Furthermore, the team provided material presentation using the lecture method to explain the four pillars of type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Conducting interactive discussions and re-testing participants by distributing questionnaires to measure the increase in participants' abilities and knowledge about type 2 diabetes mellitus management (post-test). Results: The average age of respondents was 56.5 years and most were in the age range of 46-55 years, namely 10 (40.0%) and all respondents were female, namely 25 (100.0%). While the level of education of the respondents was mostly junior high school, namely 17 (68.0%) and the majority of respondents' employment status was not as farmers or fishermen, namely 16 (64.0%). Meanwhile, the marital status of the respondents was mostly married, namely 19 (76.0%) and the majority of respondents had suffered from DM ≥4 years, namely 22 (88.0%). Based on pre-test and post-test data, there was an increase in knowledge about the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the participants. By increasing knowledge and understanding of the 4 pillars of diabetes mellitus management, it provides changes in nursing care and the risk of complications that can arise from diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: With increasing knowledge and understanding of the 4 pillars of diabetes mellitus management, it has a positive impact on participants regarding complications that can arise from diabetes mellitus. This community service also provides benefits with increasing experience and knowledge about the 4 Pillars of Diabetes Mellitus Management. Suggestion: It is hoped that health education activities related to degenerative diseases that often occur in the community can be carried out as often as possible so that they provide benefits to the entire community of Tanoh-Anou Village. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Education; Four pillars; Nursing management Pendahuluan: Penyakit diabetes melitus (DM) adalah penyebab kematian keenam di dunia dengan peningkatan jumlah kasus yang signifikan selama satu dekade terakhir, dan berdampak pada penurunan harapan hidup, peningkatan angka kesakitan, dan penurunan kualitas hidup. Penyakit diabetes adalah penyakit yang tidak dapat disembuhkan dan hanya dapat dikendalikan melalui penatalaksanaan melalui empat pilar yaitu edukasi, pengaturan pola makan, olahraga, dan pengobatan. Tujuan: Untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang pengendalian dan pengelolaan penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode: Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Desa Tanoh Anou Wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Idi Rayeuk pada tanggal 19 Mei 2025. Tim pelaksana dari perawat prolanis pada UPTD Puskesmas yang berlokasi di Kota Idi Rayeuk. Kegiatan ini dikuti oleh 25 peserta dan kader Desa Tanoh Anou. Tim memberikan lembar kuesioner kepada peserta dengan pendampingan untuk mengisi pertanyaan/pernyataan terkait diabetes melitus sesuai kondisi dan pengalamannya sebagai data awal dalam mengukur tingkat pengetahuan penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus (pre-test). Selanjutnya, tim memberikan pemaparan materi dengan metode ceramah untuk menjelaskan mengenai empat pilar pengelolaan diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Melakukan diskusi interaktif dan melakukan uji ulang kepada peserta dengan membagikan kuesioner untuk mengukur peningkatan kemampuan dan pengetahuan peserta tentang penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus tipe 2 (post-test). Hasil: Mendapatkan rata-rata usia responden adalah 56.5 tahun dan sebagian besar di rentang usia 46-55 tahun yaitu sebanyak 10 (40.0%) dan semua responden berjenis kelamin perempuan yaitu sebanyak 25 (100.0%). Sedangkan tingkat pendidikan responden sebagian besar adalah SMP yaitu sebanyak 17 (68.0%) dan mayoritas status pekerjaan responden bukan sebagai petani atau nelayan yaitu sebanyak 16 (64.0%). Sedangkan, status pernikahan responden sebagian besar adalah menikah sebanyak 19 (76.0%) dan mayoritas responden sudah menderita DM ≥4 tahun sebanyak 22 (88.0%). Berdasarkan data pre-test dan post-test, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan tentang penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus tipe 2 pada para peserta. Dengan meningkatnya pengetahuan dan memahami tentang 4 pilar penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus memberikan tindakan perubahan dalam asuhan keperawatan dan risiko komplikasi yang dapat ditimbulkan dari penyakit diabetes melitus. Simpulan: Dengan meningkatnya pengetahuan dan memahami tentang 4 pilar penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus memberikan dampak positif kepada peserta terhadap komplikasi yang dapat ditimbulkan dari penyakit diabetes melitus. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini juga memberikan manfaat dengan bertambahnya pengalaman dan pengetahuan tentang 4 Pilar Penatalaksanaan Diabetes Melitus. Saran: Diharapkan kegiatan penyuluhan kesehatan terkait penyakit degeneratif yang sering terjadi di masyarakat dapat dilaksanakan sesering mungkin sehingga memberikan manfaat bagi seluruh masyarakat Desa Tanoh-Anou.

Edukasi self-management untuk meningkatkan self-care aktifitas fisik pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 Drissianti, Putri; Saputra, Fauzan; Risca, Amalia; Ismuhadi, Ismuhadi
JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns Vol. 5 No. 11 (2026): JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR) Kerja sama dengan: Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kep Akademi Keperawatan Baitul Hikmah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/phc.v5i11.2219

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from insulin action, impaired insulin secretion, or both. It requires long-term treatment to reduce the risk of complications. DM cannot be cured, but blood sugar can be controlled through the four pillars of diabetes management: education, diet, exercise, and medication. Self-management is a crucial aspect in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, patients with diabetes mellitus often fail to effectively manage themselves, resulting in macrovascular and microvascular complications. Purpose: To provide knowledge about self-care and physical activity based on self-management in DM patients. Method: This community service activity was carried out on December 15, 2025, at the Tanoh-Anou Village Community Health Center. Involving 51 people with DM as respondents. The target of this activity is the application of self-management for DM sufferers for self-care physical activity with a community-based approach. The intervention was carried out by delivering material related to the application of self-management in carrying out self-care physical activity, especially for DM sufferers, as well as an explanation of the benefits of physical activity for managing DM. Evaluation of the level of respondents' knowledge was measured using a questionnaire given before the educational activity (pre-test) and after the educational activity (post-test). Results: Obtained respondents with an age range of 36-77 years and the average age of respondents was 58.9 years and most of the respondents were in the range of 56-65 years as many as 21 people (41.2%). The majority were female as many as 42 people (82.4%), most had elementary/junior high school education status as many as 49 people (96.1%), and employment status was not as a farmer or fisherman as many as 42 people (82.4%). While the marital status was married as many as 40 people (78.5%) and the majority of the duration of suffering from DM was >3 years as many as 48 people (94.2%). There was an increase in the average score of respondents' knowledge level before educational activities (pre-test) from 16.2 points to 26.4 after educational activities (post-test). Conclusion: Self-management education activities covering diet management, physical activity, and foot care for people with diabetes mellitus significantly increased patients' knowledge of implementing physical activity self-care. This increased knowledge of self-management also positively contributed to psychological well-being and health motivation in diabetes patients. Suggestion: Similar educational activities are expected to be conducted routinely and sustainably to encourage healthy behavior changes and as an effort to prevent complications of diabetes mellitus early in the community. Keywords: Health education; Physical activity; Self-management; Type 2 diabetes mellitus Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronis yang ditandai dengan kadar gula darah tinggi yang terjadi akibat kerja insulin, gangguan sekresi insulin, atau keduanya, dan memerlukan pengobatan jangka panjang untuk mengurangi risiko komplikasi. DM tidak dapat disembuhkan, namun gula darah dapat dikontrol melalui empat pilar pengelolaan diabetes, yaitu edukasi, pola makan, olahraga, dan pengobatan. Self-management merupakan salah satu aspek yang memegang peranan penting dalam penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Namun dalam pelaksanaannya pasien dengan diabetes melitus tidak melakukan self-management dengan baik yang mengakibatkan terjadinya komplikasi makrovaskular dan mikrovaskular. Tujuan: Untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang self-care aktifitas fisik berdasarkan self-management pada pasien DM. Metode: Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 15 Desember 2025 di Balai Puskesmas Desa Tanoh-Anou. Melibatkan 51 orang dengan DM untuk menjadi responden. Sasaran dalam kegiatan ini adalah penerapan self-management bagi penderita DM untuk self-care aktifitas fisik dengan pendekatan community-based. Intervensi dilakukan dengan menyampaikan materi terkait penerapan self-management dalam menjalankan self-care aktifitas fisik khususnya bagi penderita DM serta penjelasan tentang manfaat aktifitas fisik terhadap pengelolaan penyakit DM. Evaluasi tingkat pengetahuan responden diukur menggunakan kuesioner yang diberikan sebelum kegiatan edukasi (pre-test) dan sesudah kegiatan edukasi (post-test). Hasil: Mendapatkan responden dengan rentang usia 36-77 tahun dan rata-rata usia responden adalah 58.9 tahun dan sebagian besar usia responden dalam rentang 56-65 tahun sebanyak 21 orang (41.2%). Mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 42 orang (82.4%), sebagian besar memiliki status pendidikan SD/SMP sebanyak 49 orang (96.1%), dan status pekerjaan adalah bukan sebagai petani atau nelayan yaitu sebanyak 42 orang (82.4%). Sedangkan status pernikahan adalah menikah yaitu sebanyak 40 orang (78.5%) dan mayoritas lamanya menderita DM adalah >3 tahun yaitu sebanyak 48 orang (94.2%). Terdapat peningkatan rata-rata skor tingkat pengetahuan responden sebelum kegiatan edukasi (pre-test) dari 16.2 poin menjadi 26.4 sesudah kegiatan edukasi (post-test). Simpulan: Kegiatan pemberian edukasi self-management yang mencakup manajemen diet, aktivitas fisik, dan perawatan kaki untuk penderita diabetes melitus memberikan peningkatan pengetahuan yang cukup signifikan pada pasien dalam menerapkan self-care aktifitas fisik. Peningkatan pengetahuan tentang self-management juga memberikan kontribusi positif secara psikologis dan motivasi kesehatan pada pasien diabetes. Saran: Diharapkan kegiatan edukasi serupa untuk dilakukan secara rutin dan berkelanjutan agar mampu mendorong perubahan prilaku sehat dan sebagai upaya pencegahan komplikasi diabetes melitus sejak dini pada masyarakat.

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