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Essien, Grace Emmanuel
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Effect of Justicia insularis Leaf Extract and Fractions on Oxidative Stress Markers, Liver Function Parameters and Liver Histology of Plasmodium berghei -Infected Mice Enyiekere, Veronica James; Anagboso, Martin Osita; Ise, Uduak Peter; Essien, Grace Emmanuel; Okokon, Jude Efiom; Ebong, Nwakaego Omonigho
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.351-359

Abstract

Justicia insularis (Family-Acanthaceae) is used in Ibibio ethnomedicine to treat malaria. The leaf extract and fractions of J. insularis were investigated for antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective activities in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The leaf extract (100-300 mg/kg, p.o.) exerted significant (p<0.05) antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection in curative test with ethyl acetate fraction demonstrating the highest activity.  The extract/fractions treatment caused significant (p<0.05) reductions in liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total and conjugated bilirubin of the treated infected mice and also decreased significantly (p<0.05) total protein and albumin levels of the treated mice relative to control. The leaf extract and fractions further improved significantly (p<0.05) the levels of oxidative stress markers enzymes and molecules (CAT, GPx, GST, SOD) of the treated infected mice with no significant (p>0.05) effect on GSH. The MDA levels in the livers of the treated infected mice were significantly (p<0.05) reduced relative to control. Histology of liver sections revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in infected mice treated with leaf extract (100 mg/kg), DCM and ethyl acetate fractions compared to untreated infected mice. These results suggest that the leaf extract/fractions of Justicia insularis possess antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials, which is an added advantage to its antimalarial property.
GC-MS Analysis and In Vivo Antimalarial Activities of Seed Extract and Solvent Fractions of Telfairia occidentalis in Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice Sunday, Nsikakabasi Enefiok; Osigwe, Chinyelu Clementina; Enin, Godwin Ndarake; Uwaeme, Ugonma Florence; Essien, Grace Emmanuel; Okokon, Jude Efiom
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 5 Issue 1
Publisher : ETFLIN

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Abstract

Telfairia occidentalis Hooke. F. (Cucurbitaceae family), a vegetable whose parts are used for both nutritional and medicinal purposes was investigated for anti-malarial activity in mice. The dried seed powder was separately cold extracted in 50% ethanol and gradient solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) along polarity gradient to obtained crude ethanol extract and solvents fractions of T. occidentalis seed. Based on previously established median lethal dose, the seed extract (138-553 mg/kg) and solvents fractions (276 mg/kg) were investigated for in vivo activity against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice using suppressive, prophylactic and curative standard models. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of the active fraction was also done to identify its chemical constituents. The seed extract and fractions (138-553 mg/kg, p.o.) exerted significant (p < 0.05–0.001) chemosuppressive activity against P. berghei infection in suppressive (65.67%; 18.33 ± 3.71 days), prophylactic (55.39%; 17.66 ± 2.18 days) and curative (77.48%; 18.00 ± 1.15 days) tests with methanol fraction having the highest activity. GC-MS analysis of the active methanol fraction revealed the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and monoterpenes which have been implicated previously in antimalarial activity of plants. These results revealed the strong antimalarial potentials of the methanol seed fraction and its phytochemical constituents which can be exploited in the development of antimalarial remedies.
Co-Authors Anagboso, Martin Osita Ebong, Nwakaego Omonigho Enin, Godwin Ndarake Enyiekere, Veronica James Ise, Uduak Peter Okokon, Jude Efiom OSIGWE, Chinyelu Clementina Sunday, Nsikakabasi Enefiok Uwaeme, Ugonma Florence