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All Journal Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia
Gumelar, Muhammad Dikdik
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Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Comparison of lithium sources on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries Sudaryanto, Sudaryanto; Salsabila, Nadhifah; Sari, Puspita Ayu Kusuma; Fachrudin, Adinandra Caesar; Salsabila, Adinda Atalya; Nursanto, Eduardus Budi; Priyono, Slamet; Jodi, Heri; Gumelar, Muhammad Dikdik
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.59662

Abstract

In order to fulfill the demand for high energy and capacity, an electrode with high-voltage capability, namely LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) that has an operating potential of up to 4.7 V vs Li/Li+, is currently becoming popular in Li-ion battery chemistries. This research produced LNMO by using a solid-state method with only one-step synthesis route to compare its electrochemical performance with different lithium sources, including hydroxide (LNMO-LiOH), acetate (LNMO-LiAce), and carbonate (LNMO-LiCar) precursors. TGA/DSC was first performed for all three sample precursors to ensure the optimal calcination temperature, while XRD and SEM characterized the physical properties. The electrochemical measurements, including cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge, were conducted in the half-cell configurations of LNMO//Li-metal using a standard 1 M LiPF6 electrolyte. LNMO-LiOH samples exhibited the highest purity and the smallest particle size, with values of 93.3% and 418 nm, respectively. In contrast, samples with higher impurities, such as LNMO-LiCar, mainly in the form of LixNi1-xO (LiNiO), displayed the largest particle size. The highest working voltage possessed by LNMO-LiOH samples was 4.735 V vs Li/Li+. The results showed that LNMO samples with LiNiO impurities would affect the reaction behavior that occurs at the cathode-electrolyte interface during the release of lithium-ions, resulting in high resistance at the battery operations and decreasing the specific capacity of the LNMO during discharging. The highest value, shown by LNMO-LiOH, was up to 92.75 mAh/g. On the other side, LNMO-LiCar only possessed a specific capacity of 44.57 mAh/g, indicating a significant impact of different lithium sources in the overall performances of LNMO cathode.
Mass balance of nickel manganese cobalt cathode battery recycle process Handayani, Sri; Shahril, Wahyudi Isqi; Ismojo, Ismojo; Rahayu, Sri; Andrameda, Yurian Ariandi; Gumelar, Muhammad Dikdik; Yuliani, Hanif; Saputra, Dita Adi; Husin, Saddam
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/jbes.2024.19939

Abstract

Batteries made from lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt are widely used, especially in the electrical industry, because they have high specific capacity, high safety, and low production costs. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the consumption of batteries used for electric vehicles will increase from 8 million in 2019 to 50 million in 2025 and to 140 million in 2030. As a result, the waste produced is also increasing. This type of lithium ion battery (LIB) which contains heavy metal elements such as nickel, manganese and cobalt can be recycled. This research aims to calculate the mass balance of the recycling process for nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) battery cathodes.   The processing process begins with mixing, leaching, filtration, drying the results of the filtration process, molarity adjustment, Flame Assisted Spray Pyrolysis, and calcination. Based on the results of mass balance calculations for the NMC recycle battery cathode, the amount obtained was 43.427 kg/batch from 100 kg of cathode waste raw material. Apart from that, data was obtained on the metals that were successfully recycled, namely NiO, MnO, CoO, Fe2O3, MgO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, and Li2O. The research results provide information that NMC battery waste can be an opportunity for the NMC metal supply chain and can reduce environmental pollution.
An Enhanced Nickel Recovery from Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate Through Selective Leaching with KMnO4 Oxidant Gumelar, Muhammad Dikdik; Rahayu; Saputra; Agustanhakri; Husin; Andrameda; Taqwatomo; Putra; Indrijarso; Saudi; Indriasari; Arfiana; Yuliani; Mumtaz; Mirahati
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Sains dan Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jsmi.2024.3136

Abstract

Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP), a metal precipitate with the dominant nickel and cobalt content in hydroxide compounds, can be leached as a lithium battery precursor. In this study, KMnO4 was used as an oxidant agent to increase the solubility of Ni and Co. The variation of the sulfuric acid concentration (0.5 - 1.5 M) as a leachate reagent, the concentration of KMnO4 (2.5 - 7.5 g/L), and the selective leaching temperature (60 - 80°C) were investigated. Solvent extraction using CYANEX 272 and D2EHPA was performed to separate the Ni, Co, and Mn. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Inductively coupled plasma mass (ICP-OES), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to analyze the chemical compositions. At the same time, crystallographic analysis was observed with X-Ray Diffraction. It was observed that potassium permanganate increased the dissolution of Ni and Co to 91.3% and 85.4% but decreased the dissolution of Mn (37.53%) under the following conditions: 1.75 M sulfuric acid, 7.5 g/L potassium permanganate, and 60°C temperature. High purity of nickel crystal (99.64%) was observed with spontaneous nucleation due to the supersaturated nickel solution after solvent extraction with CYANEX 272. Thus, using permanganate ion as selective leaching of Ni and Co from Mn is promising.
Co-Authors Agustanhakri Andrameda Andrameda, Yurian Ariandi Arfiana Fachrudin, Adinandra Caesar Handayani, Sri Heri Jodi, Heri Husin Husin, Saddam Indriasari Indrijarso Ismojo, Ismojo Mirahati Mumtaz Nursanto, Eduardus Budi Putra Rahayu Salsabila, Adinda Atalya Salsabila, Nadhifah Saputra Saputra, Dita Adi Sari, Puspita Ayu Kusuma Saudi Sembiring, Rinawati Shahril, Wahyudi Isqi Slamet Priyono SRI RAHAYU Taqwatomo YULIANI Yuliani, Hanif