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All Journal Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Journal of Batteries for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles
Andrameda, Yurian Ariandi
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Mass balance of nickel manganese cobalt cathode battery recycle process Handayani, Sri; Shahril, Wahyudi Isqi; Ismojo, Ismojo; Rahayu, Sri; Andrameda, Yurian Ariandi; Gumelar, Muhammad Dikdik; Yuliani, Hanif; Saputra, Dita Adi; Husin, Saddam
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/jbes.2024.19939

Abstract

Batteries made from lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt are widely used, especially in the electrical industry, because they have high specific capacity, high safety, and low production costs. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the consumption of batteries used for electric vehicles will increase from 8 million in 2019 to 50 million in 2025 and to 140 million in 2030. As a result, the waste produced is also increasing. This type of lithium ion battery (LIB) which contains heavy metal elements such as nickel, manganese and cobalt can be recycled. This research aims to calculate the mass balance of the recycling process for nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) battery cathodes.   The processing process begins with mixing, leaching, filtration, drying the results of the filtration process, molarity adjustment, Flame Assisted Spray Pyrolysis, and calcination. Based on the results of mass balance calculations for the NMC recycle battery cathode, the amount obtained was 43.427 kg/batch from 100 kg of cathode waste raw material. Apart from that, data was obtained on the metals that were successfully recycled, namely NiO, MnO, CoO, Fe2O3, MgO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, and Li2O. The research results provide information that NMC battery waste can be an opportunity for the NMC metal supply chain and can reduce environmental pollution.
The Calcination Temperature Effect on Crystal Structure of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Rahayu, Sri; Saudi, Aghni Ulma; Tasomara, Riesma; Gumelar, Muhammad Dikdik; Utami, Wahyu Tri; Hapsari, Ade Utami; Raharjo, Jarot; Rifai, Abdulloh; Khaerudini, Deni Shidqi; Husin, Saddam; Saputra, Dita Adi; Yuliani, Hanif; Andrameda, Yurian Ariandi; Taqwatomo, Galih; Arjasa, Oka Pradipta; Damisih, Damisih; Hardiansyah, Andri; Pravitasari, Retna Deca; Agustanhakri, Agustanhakri; Budiman, Abdul Hamid
Journal of Batteries for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles Vol. 1 No. 02 (2023): NOVEMBER 2023
Publisher : NBRI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59046/jbrev.v1i02.22

Abstract

The lithium-ion battery has gained popularity among other secondary batteries for portable electronic devices and electric vehicle applications, especially the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 or NMC111, considering its well-balanced configuration resulting in stable and safe electrochemical performance. NMC111 has been successfully prepared using a coprecipitation process at calcination temperatures from 800 to 950°C. The physical characteristics were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Particle Size Analysis (PSA). The XRD patterns showed the rhombohedral single phase for all calcination temperatures. Meanwhile, higher calcination temperatures offer higher degree of crystallinity, lower intensity ratio and more undesirable cation mixing. The particles with a uniform rectangle or pyramid shape are observed at the calcination temperature range from 800 to 900°C. However, bigger submicron particles with a rectangle or pyramid shape are detected at a higher temperature (950°C). The SEM-EDS mapping shows the homogeneity composition for all variation calcination temperatures. PSA analysis showed that calcination temperature at 800 and 850°C gives the particle less than 400 nm suggesting a potential material for a cathode of lithium-ion batteries.
Co-Authors Abdul Hamid Budiman Agustanhakri, Agustanhakri Damisih, Damisih Deni Shidqi Khaerudini Gumelar, Muhammad Dikdik Handayani, Sri Hapsari, Ade Utami Hardiansyah, Andri Husin, Saddam Ismojo, Ismojo Jarot Raharjo Oka Pradipta Arjasa Pravitasari, Retna Deca Rifai, Abdulloh Saputra, Dita Adi Saudi, Aghni Ulma Shahril, Wahyudi Isqi SRI RAHAYU Taqwatomo, Galih Tasomara, Riesma Wahyu Tri Utami Yuliani, Hanif