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Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb: Basyūnī ‘Imrān’s Method for Standardising the Determination of the Qamariyah Month in the Sultanate of Sambas (1913-1976) Herlambang, Saifuddin; Rizqina, Aulia Laily; Ridwansyah, Ridwansyah; Muslih, Moh.; Naffati, Abdel Kadir
Journal of Islamic Law Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Islamic Law
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/jil.v5i2.2775

Abstract

This article analyses the responses of Basyūnī ‘Imrān (1885-1976), a muftī (jurisconsult) and qādhī (judge) with the title Mahārāja Imām (highest religious official) in the Sambas Sultanate, to the debates surrounding the determination of the beginning of Ramaḍān and Eid al-Fitr at the turn of the twentieth century. The differences arose from conflicting claims of accuracy between two methods, ḥisāb (astronomical calculations) and ruʾyah (physical sighting of the moon), in determining the start of the lunar month among Muslims. Concerned about these issues, Basyūnī ‘Imrān addressed them in his manuscript written in Arabic-Malay (known as Aksara Jawī), titled Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb (1933). By employing a historical approach and content analysis of the manuscript, the authors find that Basyūnī ‘Imrān favoured the ḥisāb method for determining the start of the lunar month. In addition to referencing Sūrah al-Raḥmān verse 5, Sūrah Yūnus verse 5, and a hadith narrated by Imām Mālik, Basyūnī ‘Imrān also considered the geographical and social conditions of Muslims to standardise the observance of fasting and Islamic festivals in the Sultanate of Sambas and its surroundings. He argued that differences in determining the start of the lunar month should not lead to divisions among Muslims, as both methods are grounded in the same theological principles. This finding contributes to the history of Islamic legal thought in Indonesia by providing evidence of scholarly efforts to standardise the determination of the lunar month during his tenure as Mahārāja Imām in the Sultanate of Sambas from 1913 to 1976. [Artikel ini menganalisis respons Basyūnī ‘Imrān (1885-1976), muftī dan qādhī yang bergelar Mahārāja Imām di Kesultanan Sambas, terhadap polemik perbedaan dalam penentuan awal puasa Ramadhan dan hari raya Idul Fitri pada awal abad kedua puluh. Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan saling klaim kebenaran metode, antara ḥisāb dan ruʾyah, dalam penentuan awal bulan Qomariyah di kalangan umat Islam. Prihatin terhadap peristiwa tersebut, Basyūnī ‘Imrān meresponsnya sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam manuskrip berbahasa Arab-Melayu (dikenal sebagai Aksara Jawī) yang berjudul, Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb (1933). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan analisis konten manuskrip, para penulis menemukan bahwa Basyūnī ‘Imrān cenderung menggunakan metode ḥisāb dalam penentuan awal bulan Qomariyah. Selain merujuk pada Sūrah al-Raḥmān ayat 5, Sūrah Yūnus ayat 5, dan sebuah hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Imām Mālik, Basyūnī ‘Imrān juga mempertimbangkan kondisi geografis dan sosial umat Islam untuk menyeragamkan pelaksanaan ibadah puasa dan hari raya Islam di Kesultanan Sambas dan sekitarnya. Menurutnya, perbedaan dalam penentuan awal bulan tersebut tidak boleh menimbulkan perpecahan di antara umat Islam, karena kedua metode tersebut berlandaskan pada dasar teologi yang sama. Temuan ini berkontribusi terhadap sejarah pemikiran hukum Islam di Indonesia dengan memberikan bukti adanya pemikiran ulama yang berupaya menyeragamkan penentuan awal bulan Qomariyah yang diterapkannya ketika menjabat sebagai Mahārāja Imām di Kesultanan Sambas pada tahun 1913 sampai 1976.]
Spiritual Ecology Across Faiths: A Comparative Study of GreenSufism in Indonesia and GreenFaith in the United States Iriawan, Bambang; Zahriani JF, Nurul; Naffati, Abdel Kadir; Fatoni, Ahkmad; Yuminah, Yuminah
Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun
Publisher : SCAD Independent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26811/peuradeun.v14i1.1575

Abstract

This comparative study examined how different religious traditions operationalize ecological values. It focused on two cases: Green Sufism, a network of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Indonesia that integrates Sufi spirituality into environmental education and daily routines, and the GreenFaith movement in the United States, an interfaith organization mobilizing religious communities for climate justice. Using a qualitative, interpretive phenomenological design, we collected interviews, observations, and documents across both contexts and analyzed them using a combined Heideggerian–Berger & Luckmann framework to trace how spiritual beliefs are translated into environmental norms. The findings revealed that both movements sacralize stewardship of the earth through theological principles such as tawhid (Oneness), khalifah (stewardship), and the interconnectedness of all creation, yet each followed a distinct pathway: pesantren privilege contemplative education and ritual practice, whereas GreenFaith foregrounded advocacy and public policy engagement. A translation chain, belief ritual → identity → action—emerged as the mechanism that connects spirituality to ecological activism. The study contributes to spiritual ecology by clarifying how embodied experiences and institutional processes co‑produce ecological meaning, identifying boundary conditions for education‑first versus advocacy‑first pathways, and highlighting the potential of faith‑based initiatives to support global environmental governance. Practical recommendations are offered for educators, policymakers, and interfaith leaders.