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Existentialist Feminism in Etaf Rum’s A Woman is No Man Dedi, Dania; Farlina, Nina
Muslim English Literature Vol 2, No 2 (2023): Muslim English Literature
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/mel.v2i2.34875

This research aims to provide a qualitative study into existentialist feminism in Etaf Rum's novel A Woman is No Man (2019). The writers examine Arab American women from a three-generation family who emigrated from Palestine to America, which affected them in determining their meaning of existence under Arab American patriarchal culture: Fareeda as the first generation, Isra and Sarah as the second generation, and Deya as the third generation. This research used Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminism theory. The findings show two out of the four Arab American women refused to break out from the Arab patriarchal culture, while the other two achieved their transcendence. The existence of Arab American women in the novel is not fully achieved based on Beauvoir’s idea of claiming their transcendence. In conclusion, the four Arab American female characters were influenced by generational differences when they were exposed to Arab culture in Palestine. Fareeda and Isra have more anti-assimilation toward American culture than Sarah and Deya, born in America. Sarah and Deya find meaning in their existence because they achieve their transcendence by becoming what they want to be, namely, working and independent women. Meanwhile, Fareeda and Isra find meaning in their existence in the realm of the patriarchal culture, which defines them as the Other since neither of them has ambitions for themselves but has always strived to submit to the Arab culture. Thus, Fareeda and Isra defined their meaning in existence as being mothers and wives.

Muslimah Mimicry and Cultural Adaptation in Hala Film (2019) Nisa, Rahmatun; Farlina, Nina
Muslim English Literature Vol 4, No 1 (2025): Muslim English Literature
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/mel.v4i1.47723

This research examines the functions of mimicry in cultural adaptation strategy in the Muslimah or Muslim woman character in the Hala movie (2019). The study employs a qualitative research approach, analyzing the film’s narrative, dialogue, and visual elements through Homi K. Bhabha’s postcolonial theory of mimicry and Jens Eder’s theory of film character. The findings of this research are that Hala, as a Muslimah protagonist and a second-generation Pakistani Muslim Immigrant living in America, used the language, attire, behaviour, and mindset of American culture to balance the freedoms of American society. However, her imitation results in Muslim cultural ambivalence, as she is neither fully American nor entirely Muslimah Pakistani. This duality creates internal conflict, familial tensions, and an identity crisis. The study highlights mimicry as a survival strategy and a source of psychological turmoil, contributing to the broader discourse on second-generation Muslimah immigrant identity and postcolonial studies.

Muslimah Mimicry and Cultural Adaptation in Hala Film (2019) Nisa, Rahmatun; Farlina, Nina
Muslim English Literature Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Muslim English Literature
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/mel.v4i1.46633

This research examines the functions of mimicry in cultural adaptation strategy in the Muslimah or Muslim woman character in the Hala movie (2019). The study employs a qualitative research approach, analyzing the film’s narrative, dialogue, and visual elements through Homi K. Bhabha’s postcolonial theory of mimicry and Jens Eder’s theory of film character. The findings of this research are that Hala, as a Muslimah protagonist and a second-generation Pakistani Muslim Immigrant living in America, used the language, attire, behaviour, and mindset of American culture to balance the freedoms of American society. However, her imitation results in Muslim cultural ambivalence, as she is neither fully American nor entirely Muslimah Pakistani. This duality creates internal conflict, familial tensions, and an identity crisis. The study highlights mimicry as a survival strategy and a source of psychological turmoil, contributing to the broader discourse on second-generation Muslimah immigrant identity and postcolonial studies.

Digital Rituals and Cultural Remix: Reinterpreting Tari Piring on YouTube Farlina, Nina
Harmonia : Journal of Music and Arts Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/harmonia.v2i2.670

This study investigates the digital transformation of Tari Piring, a traditional Minangkabau plate dance, as it is reinterpreted in contemporary YouTube performances. The research applies visual semiotic analysis and the frameworks of cultural hybridity and mediatization to examine how traditional symbols and values are preserved, modified, or reimagined in digital formats. Three case studies student and community performances recorded between 2020 and 2024 reveal a consistent pattern of visual innovation: traditional props and movements are retained but recontextualized through EDM remixes, neon costumes, and camera-enhanced choreography. Using thematic coding and interpretive analysis, the study identifies key dynamics in these transformations: preservation of iconic symbols, adaptation to digital visual aesthetics, and repositioning of dance as a public, performative commodity. The findings suggest that digital platforms not only mediate cultural expression but actively reshape it, encouraging younger performers to use Tari Piring as a space for identity negotiation and creative experimentation. While these adaptations offer opportunities for cultural revitalization, they also risk aestheticizing tradition in ways that prioritize spectacle over substance. The research concludes that Tari Piring in the digital era exemplifies a hybrid cultural form both rooted and reinvented underscoring the need for critical engagement with heritage in digital performance landscapes.

Toward Creative Autonomy: A Dual-Model Framework for Assessing Originality in Generative Music Systems Farlina, Nina
Harmonia : Journal of Music and Arts Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/harmonia.v3i1.1112

AI-generated music systems such as MusicGen and Stable Audio 2.0 are increasingly capable of producing stylistically coherent and musically rich compositions. However, questions remain about whether these outputs constitute genuine creativity or mere replication of training data. This study evaluates the memorization and creativity levels of these models using symbolic and audio-based metrics, alongside perceptual assessments. A dual-model evaluation was conducted: symbolic outputs were assessed using chroma-based DTW, Smith–Waterman, melodic n-grams, and MGEval metrics, while audio outputs were analyzed for waveform similarity and listener ratings. Anti-Memorization Guidance (AMG) was introduced to reduce overfitting, with 50 outputs generated per model under both standard and AMG conditions. Results showed significant memorization in standard outputs, particularly with high Replication Index scores and latent similarity clusters. AMG effectively lowered memorization and increased Novelty Scores and Harmonic Surprise. Subjective tests using MUSHRA and Likert-style ratings revealed that AMG-enhanced outputs were perceived as more creative but slightly less typical in genre. Correlations between objective and subjective metrics further validated the effectiveness of the hybrid evaluation framework. The study concludes that AI music systems can be guided toward greater originality using anti-memorization strategies. While achieving historical creativity remains challenging, perceptually and statistically creative outputs are attainable. This framework offers a replicable approach for evaluating creativity and informs ethical, legal, and design considerations in AI music generation.

System, Expression, and Timbre: Expanding the Taxonomy of Counterpoint in Contemporary Choral Music Farlina, Nina; Hermansyah, Kusen Dony
Harmonia : Journal of Music and Arts Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/harmonia.v3i2.1114

This study explores the redefinition of counterpoint in 21st-century choral music, focusing on its systemic and re-contextualized modalities across seven representative works. The research investigates how composers such as David Lang, Arvo Pärt, Caroline Shaw, Eric Whitacre, and Tarik O’Regan reinterpret contrapuntal strategies in light of contemporary aesthetic and structural demands. Using a multi-dimensional analytical framework, the study evaluates contrapuntal types (e.g., imitation, canon, tintinnabuli), polyphonic density, and timbral techniques through segment-based coding. Quantitative tools such as the Voice Overlap Index (VOI) and Polyphonic Density Index (PDI) supplement traditional score analysis, enabling cross-style comparison. Inter-rater reliability measures and algorithmic analyses ensure rigor and reproducibility. Findings reveal that systemic counterpoint evident in Lang's process layering and Pärt’s algorithmic tintinnabuli functions as a generative architecture rooted in structural clarity. Conversely, re-contextualized counterpoint employed by Shaw, Whitacre, and O’Regan blends text-driven imitation, modal interplay, and timbral diversity for expressive depth. The emergence of “timbral counterpoint” underscores the increasing role of extended vocal techniques in contrapuntal design. The article concludes that counterpoint in contemporary choral music is both a structural and expressive tool, redefined to accommodate modern compositional priorities. By establishing a typology that includes systemic, expressive, and timbral counterpoint, this study expands the analytical vocabulary available to scholars and practitioners.

Existentialist Feminism in Etaf Rum’s A Woman is No Man Dedi, Dania; Farlina, Nina
Muslim English Literature Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Muslim English Literature
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/mel.v2i2.34875

This research aims to provide a qualitative study into existentialist feminism in Etaf Rum's novel A Woman is No Man (2019). The writers examine Arab American women from a three-generation family who emigrated from Palestine to America, which affected them in determining their meaning of existence under Arab American patriarchal culture: Fareeda as the first generation, Isra and Sarah as the second generation, and Deya as the third generation. This research used Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminism theory. The findings show two out of the four Arab American women refused to break out from the Arab patriarchal culture, while the other two achieved their transcendence. The existence of Arab American women in the novel is not fully achieved based on Beauvoir’s idea of claiming their transcendence. In conclusion, the four Arab American female characters were influenced by generational differences when they were exposed to Arab culture in Palestine. Fareeda and Isra have more anti-assimilation toward American culture than Sarah and Deya, born in America. Sarah and Deya find meaning in their existence because they achieve their transcendence by becoming what they want to be, namely, working and independent women. Meanwhile, Fareeda and Isra find meaning in their existence in the realm of the patriarchal culture, which defines them as the Other since neither of them has ambitions for themselves but has always strived to submit to the Arab culture. Thus, Fareeda and Isra defined their meaning in existence as being mothers and wives.

The Love and Belonging Needs Character in The Girl on The Trains Novel Farlina, Nina; Khaleda, Nadia
Buletin Al-Turas Vol. 25 No. 1 (2019): Buletin Al-Turas
Publisher : Fakultas Adab and Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/bat.v25i1.10071

This research aims to understand what needs that Rachel Watson as the main character in The Girl on the Train novel is trying to fulfill by riding the train every day and how she fulfills her safety and the love and belonging needs using Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs. Before studying the needs, the writer analyzes the main character’s character and characterization. This research is using qualitative method and descriptive analysis to analyze the love and belonging needs and esteem needs of the main character. The result of this research is Rachel Watson as the main character has some noticeable characters such as imaginative, alcoholic, and liar. She fulfills her safety needs by killing her ex-husband and fulfills her love and belonging needs by trying to seek attention from her ex-husband, Tom Watson and from Scott Hipwell. Rachel fails to have the love from both Tom and Scott but finally she realizes that she is always loved by her friend, Cathy. Rachel successfully satisfies her needs until the third stage of the hierarchy: love and belonging needs.

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