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An Evaluation of Lexical Density in K13 English Textbooks: Aligning Text Complexity with Students' Proficiency Levels Sembiring, Pemina; Simanjuntak, Ivan Fernando; Sinar, Tengku Silvana
IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education
Publisher : Master Program in Indonesian Language Education and The Institute for Research and Community Service STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52217/ijlhe.v7i2.1625

This study evaluates the lexical density of reading materials in the K13 English textbooks used in Indonesian secondary schools, focusing on the alignment of text complexity with students' cognitive abilities and language proficiency levels. A total of 10 reading texts from both junior and senior high school textbooks were analyzed, covering various genres including narrative, descriptive, expository, and functional texts. Lexical density, defined as the proportion of content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) relative to the total word count, was calculated for each text. The results revealed significant variations in lexical density across genres, with descriptive and report texts exhibiting higher complexity, while genres like narratives and procedures showed a more balanced lexical composition. The study found that texts with higher lexical density may be challenging for lower-level learners, while more balanced texts are likely more accessible. These findings suggest that, while some texts are appropriately challenging, others may require adjustments to better cater to students' proficiency levels. The study highlights the importance of revising the K13 English textbooks to enhance their suitability for diverse learners and align more effectively with the goals of the K13 curriculum. The use of lexical density as an objective metric provides valuable insights for improving the readability and overall effectiveness of English language education in Indonesia. This research implies that curriculum designers and textbook authors should consider incorporating a wider range of text complexities to accommodate varying student proficiency levels, ensuring equitable learning opportunities and improved language development outcomes

The Art of Sound: Phono-Stylistic Perspectives in Bohemian Rhapsody Azzahra, Sekar; Ilma, Dzikri; Simanjuntak, Ivan Fernando; Rangkuti, Rahmadsyah
Lexeme : Journal of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): JANUARY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pamulang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/ljlal.v7i1.45926

This study examines the phonetic and stylistic elements of "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen, a song renowned for its distinctive structure and complex themes. It redirects attention from the previously explored cultural, narrative, and biographical elements to investigate the overlooked phonological characteristics that contribute to its aesthetic and emotional resonance. Employing a qualitative methodology, the song’s lyrics were transcribed phonetically using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to identify dominant consonants and vowels. The results indicate that consonants such as /d/, /s/, /l/, and /n/, along with vowels such as /ɪ/, /ə/, and /aɪ/, play a crucial role in defining the sound quality of the lyrics. These phonological features enhance the song's musicality while emphasizing its narrative tension and emotional depth. The interplay of these sounds creates a dynamic auditory experience that aligns with the song’s shifting emotional landscapes. The study concludes that the phonological elements in Bohemian Rhapsody function as integral carriers of meaning, enriching its thematic and emotional layers. This research bridges linguistic analysis with musical narrative, demonstrating how phono-stylistics can uncover the deeper aspects of iconic musical texts and fostering interdisciplinary dialogue in linguistics, musicology, and cultural studies. The findings imply that similar approaches can be applied to other complex musical compositions, opening new avenues for analyzing the interplay between language and music in various cultural contexts

Heritage Language Dilemma: Generational Attitudes and Cultural Identity Among Tamil Diaspora in Indonesia Simanjuntak, Ivan Fernando; Br. Perangin-angin, Alemina; Rusdi Noor Rosa
Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 3 No. 6 (2024): June 2024
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijar.v3i6.9804

This study examines heritage language maintenance, cultural identity formation, and language attitudes within the Tamil community in Medan, Indonesia. Employing ethnolinguistic identity theory and family language policy perspectives, it investigates factors influencing Tamil language transmission and its impact on ethnic identity. Surveys of 10 Tamil families reveal significant generational differences in attitudes towards Tamil maintenance. While 85% of parents view it as crucial for cultural preservation, only 50% of children share this sentiment, prioritizing societal assimilation. Both groups recognize the value of bilingualism and the cultural disconnection stemming from limited Tamil proficiency. Challenges including discrimination, insufficient community support, and inadequate resources hinder intergenerational language transmission. This study offers unique insights into the complex dynamics shaping heritage language maintenance in diasporic communities, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to support linguistic and cultural continuity.

Topic Continuity in Song Lyrics: A Quantitative Discourse Analysis of “Perfect” by Simple Plan Deliana, Deliana; Simanjuntak, Ivan Fernando; Ilma, Dzikri
Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 4 No. 8 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijar.v4i8.14980

This study investigates topic continuity and referential cohesion in the song “Perfect” by Simple Plan using Givón’s quantitative model. The objective is to analyze how various types of anaphoric references, including zero anaphora, definite pronouns, third-person pronouns, and possessive pronouns, function to maintain coherence and convey emotional meaning within the lyrics. Employing a qualitative descriptive design supported by quantitative analysis, the research examines the referential distance (JR), potential interference (PI), and topic continuity (TC) in each clause of the song. The data consist of all anaphoric expressions identified in the lyrics, collected through close reading and clause segmentation. The findings reveal that the song heavily relies on first and second person pronouns to construct an intimate and emotionally charged discourse. Zero anaphora is used selectively to create immediacy, while third-person and possessive pronouns support abstract and personal references. The absence of indefinite pronouns reflects the song’s focus on specific interpersonal conflict. These results suggest that Givón’s model is applicable to expressive, non-traditional texts such as song lyrics. The study contributes to the field of stylistics and discourse analysis by demonstrating how referential cohesion shapes meaning in emotionally driven narratives.

An Evaluation of Lexical Density in K13 English Textbooks: Aligning Text Complexity with Students' Proficiency Levels Sembiring, Pemina; Simanjuntak, Ivan Fernando; Sinar, Tengku Silvana
IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education
Publisher : Master Program in Indonesian Language Education and The Institute for Research and Community Service STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52217/ijlhe.v7i2.1625

This study evaluates the lexical density of reading materials in the K13 English textbooks used in Indonesian secondary schools, focusing on the alignment of text complexity with students' cognitive abilities and language proficiency levels. A total of 10 reading texts from both junior and senior high school textbooks were analyzed, covering various genres including narrative, descriptive, expository, and functional texts. Lexical density, defined as the proportion of content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) relative to the total word count, was calculated for each text. The results revealed significant variations in lexical density across genres, with descriptive and report texts exhibiting higher complexity, while genres like narratives and procedures showed a more balanced lexical composition. The study found that texts with higher lexical density may be challenging for lower-level learners, while more balanced texts are likely more accessible. These findings suggest that, while some texts are appropriately challenging, others may require adjustments to better cater to students' proficiency levels. The study highlights the importance of revising the K13 English textbooks to enhance their suitability for diverse learners and align more effectively with the goals of the K13 curriculum. The use of lexical density as an objective metric provides valuable insights for improving the readability and overall effectiveness of English language education in Indonesia. This research implies that curriculum designers and textbook authors should consider incorporating a wider range of text complexities to accommodate varying student proficiency levels, ensuring equitable learning opportunities and improved language development outcomes

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