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Syam, Shaogi
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Role of Gut Microbiota as a Trigger for Exacerbations in Pulmonary Obstruction Disorder in General Wijaya, Dewi; Simatupang, Elvando Tunggul Mauliate; Putri, Yolanda Julia Perel; Pratiwi, Adelia; Anggraini, Dewi; Syam, Shaogi
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v10-I.3.2024.257-264

Abstract

Pulmonary diseases can be associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) system, particularly if an infection causes them. This relationship between organs is known as the gut-lung axis (GLA). Skin and mucosal surfaces are associated with microbiota (bacteria, fungi, viruses, macrophages, archaea, protists, helminths), which can trigger an immune response in GLA and serve a role in respiratory diseases. For instance, asthma can be inhibited by a specific antigen that is triggered by probiotics, the microorganisms found in the GI tract. Asthma incidence can be reduced by consuming fiber due to its ability to protect airways from infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the first immune component to identify microbial compounds in GI and lung epithelial cells. The PRRs then induce regulatory T-cell (T-reg) and Th-17 differentiation. Diet, antibiotics, and stress can all influence the structure and function of bacteria. This is known as dysbiosis. Lung microbiota can influence immune cell maturation and homeostasis. If the diversity of lung microbiota decreases, it will affect intestinal microbiota and may result in chronic respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis. This literature review explained how the interactions between the intestines and lungs can affect humans’ health and well-being.
Vitamin C Intake and Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs-Induced Hepatitis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Rabbani, Hadiati; Nurwidya, Fariz; Andayani, Diyah Eka; Agustin, Heidy; Syam, Shaogi
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v10-I.3.2024.214-221

Abstract

Introduction: Drug-induced hepatitis (DIH) is one of the serious side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD) that can reduce patient compliance with tuberculosis (TB) treatment, increase the risk of treatment failure, or develop drug resistance. Vitamin C is a potential antioxidant known to have a protective effect against DIH. This study examined the relationship between vitamin C intake and the incidence of ATD-induced hepatitis (ATDIH) in pulmonary TB patients at Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 108 patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB. Data was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ FFQ), and data on the subject's liver function laboratory results in the last 1 month. Fisher exact test was utilized to analyze the association between adequacy of vitamin C intake and DIH. Results: The proportion of DIH in pulmonary TB patients in this study was 6.5%. Most subjects were males (54.6%) with a median age of 41. The median vitamin C intake was 66.65 mg/day, with 63.0% of patients having an intake below the recommendation. Fisher's exact test showed that vitamin C intake was not statistically significantly associated with the incidence of ATDIH (OR 3.77 95% CI 0.44-32.55, p-value 0.256). No factors also influenced the incidence of ATDIH in this study. Conclusion: No association was found between vitamin C intake and other factors related to the incidence of ATDIH. This is the first study in Indonesia to link vitamin C and E intake with the incidence of DIH in drug-sensitive pulmonary TB patients, providing information for future studies.
Zinc Intake and Appetite in Patients with Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease at Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta Mahardhika, Linda; Nurwidya, Fariz; Singal, Anna Maurina; Sutanto, Krisadelfa; Imaniar, Rania; Syam, Shaogi
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v11-I.3.2025.232-240

Abstract

Introduction: After completion of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treatment, some people may continue to experience respiratory issues that can progress into post-TB lung disease (PTLD). Individuals with PTLD exhibit suboptimal nutritional status. The loss of appetite is a significant factor influencing nutritional status. Zinc plays a role in hunger control.  Lack of zinc reduces taste sensitivity and food intake. This study examined the relationship between zinc intake and appetite in patients with PTLD at Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta, from November 2024 to March 2025. Eighty-five adult patients with PTLD were included. Zinc intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and analyzed by NutriSurvey software. Appetite was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) for appetite. Results: A total of 85 subjects participated in the study, comprising 78.8% males and 21.2% females. The average daily zinc intake was 4.4 mg/day, and 92.9% of the subjects had zinc intake below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The average VAS appetite score was 70 mm. A significant positive correlation was found between zinc intake and appetite, indicating that a decrease in zinc intake might result in a reduced appetite (r=0.266, p=0.014). Conclusion: Zinc intake is positively associated with appetite in patients with PTLD. Therefore, zinc intake monitoring is essential for supporting nutritional recovery and lung function in PTLD.
Vitamin D, Body Mass Index, and Total Lymphocyte Count in Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Banjarmasin Riefani, Soraya; Juhairina, Juhairina; Isa, Mohamad; Kusumawardhani, Erna; Haryati, Haryati; Syam, Shaogi; Nurrasyidah, Ira
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): January 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v10-I.1.2024.14-22

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem that causes high morbidity and mortality. Based on its classification, TB is divided into drug-sensitive (DS) and drug-resistant (DR). Several risk factors susceptible to TB are malnutrition with low body mass index (BMI), vitamin D deficiency (VDD), and low total lymphocyte count (TLC) related to low immune status. This study aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin D (VD), BMI, and TLC in the TB population in Banjarmasin. Methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The total study sample was 42 patients, confirmed by rapid molecular testing, who had not been treated for TB in Banjarmasin from January to May 2023 and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chi-Square and Fisher's exact statistical tests were used to see the relationship between VD, BMI, and TLC in DS TB and DR TB. Results: The median age of DS TB was 38 (24-52) years old, and DR TB was 51 (37-58) years old. Most of the gender was male (24 patients/57.1%). There was a statistically significant difference between VD and BMI in DS TB and DR TB (p = 0.048; p = 0.019). There was a significant relationship between VD and TLC in DS TB and DR TB (p = 0.048). Conclusion: VD and BMI significantly differed in DS TB and DR TB. There was a significant correlation between VD and TLC in TB patients.
Nutritional Status and Lung Cavity in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient Hanafi, Christi Giovani Anggasta; Nurwidya, Fariz; Lestari, Wiji; Agustin, Heidy; Syam, Shaogi
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v11-I.1.2025.6-14

Abstract

Introduction: As one of the leading causes of death worldwide, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease that continues to pose a serious threat to public health. The presence of cavities in radiological imaging of patients with PTB is associated with malnutrition, age, gender, and other comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to find the association between nutritional status and lung cavity in PTB patients. Methods: This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design that involved 134 adult patients who were diagnosed with PTB at Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta. All patients were interviewed using a questionnaire for sociodemographic and anthropometric data, the nutritional status was assessed using the subjective global assessment (SGA), and the lung cavity was determined using a chest X-ray interpreted by radiologists. The Chi-square test was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 for Windows. Results: Of 134 PTB patients, 61.9% were males, and 92.5% were from the 18-59 years old age group. Based on the SGA score, 77 (57.5%) were grouped as mild-moderate malnutrition/SGA B and 22 (16.4%) as severe malnutrition/SGA C. Lung cavity was found in 42 (31.3%) patients. The analysis showed that malnutrition was statistically significantly associated with lung cavity with OR=6.933 (95%CI 1.986-24.205; p=0.002) and the adjusted OR were 7.303 (95%CI 2.060-25.890; p=0.002) after controlling for age, sex, smoking, education, and comorbidities. Conclusion: This study found that malnutrition was associated with lung cavities in PTB patients. These findings might indicate how malnutrition impaired the immune function in PTB patients.
Co-Authors Agustin, Heidy Andayani, Diyah Eka Dewi Anggraini Fariz, Nurwidya Hanafi, Christi Giovani Anggasta Haryati Haryati Imaniar, Rania Ira Nurrasyidah Isa, Mohamad Juhairina, Juhairina Kusumawardhani, Erna Mahardhika, Linda Pratiwi, Adelia Putri, Yolanda Julia Perel Rabbani, Hadiati Riefani, Soraya Simatupang, Elvando Tunggul Mauliate Singal, Anna Maurina Sutanto, Krisadelfa Wijaya, Dewi Wiji Lestari