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All Journal Svāsthya: Trends in General Medicine and Public Health
Cruz, Zito Viegas da
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Spatial risk assessment of canine rabies transmission via GIS buffer analysis in Bobonaro municipality, Timor-Leste Cruz, Zito Viegas da; Pereira, Abrão J.; Machado, Filipe de Neri; Adnyana , I Made Dwi Mertha; Jundaeng, Jarupat
Svāsthya: Trends in General Medicine and Public Health Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : PT. Mega Science Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70347/svsthya.v2i4.137

Abstract

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease caused by Lyssavirus of the Rhabdoviridae family. Timor-Leste experienced a rabies outbreak in March 2024, with a 100% fatality rate, primarily affecting dogs as the main reservoir. Bobonaro Municipality has reported an increasing number of confirmed cases, necessitating spatial approaches for effective control strategies. This study aimed to identify confirmed rabies case distribution patterns and predict transmission risk zones via GIS buffer analysis within the Bobonaro Municipality. This study utilized secondary data from 39 confirmed rabies cases from the Bobonaro Municipal Agriculture Service between January and June 2025. The analysis was conducted via the Buffer and Multiple Buffer tools in ArcGIS 10.8 software. The geographic coordinates of confirmed cases were mapped to generate distribution maps with transmission movement predictions on the basis of locations in each administrative post, village, and hamlet. Mapping revealed that the majority of confirmed rabies cases were concentrated in the northeastern Bobonaro Municipality, comprising the Cailaco administrative post with the hamlets of the Meligo village, such as Bereleu, Daulelo, Liabote, and Mude, plus the Maliana administrative post. Buffer analysis with a 2 km radius identified tendencies for animal movement at risk of local rabies transmission that could spread to humans and other animals, including neighboring municipalities sharing land borders with Bobonaro. GIS-based buffer analysis successfully identified high-risk zones for rabies transmission within a 2 km radius of the average confirmed case locations. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for policymakers to implement effective and specific rabies control strategies tailored to Timor-Leste's resource-limited environment.
Mpox, HIV infection, and genital skin disease: triple burden, threats and challenges from an epidemiological perspective Adnyana, I Made Dwi Mertha; Eljatin, Dwinka Syafira; Maulana, Sidik; Ibrahim, Kusman; Umar, Tungki Pratama; Armini, Luh Nik; Cruz, Zito Viegas da
Svāsthya: Trends in General Medicine and Public Health Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : PT. Mega Science Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70347/svsthya.v1i1.1

Abstract

The expansion and transformation of Mpox (MPX) disease alongside HIV and genital skin diseases has led to an increase in global morbidity and mortality in a relatively brief period. These diseases have a similar transmission pathway through sexual intercourse (mainly MSM/men-sex with males). This review aims to provide a concise, evidence-based overview of MPX, HIV, and genital skin disease coinfections, and to identify epidemiological threats and challenges. Our investigations revealed that from January 2022 to July 2023, there was a significant increase in the number of MPX cases, which reached a total of 88,600, resulting in 152 deaths across 113 countries. There have been case reports of triple-burden disease in six different areas of the world, with at least 52% of reported cases occurring in men who have had sexual activity with other men, 84.1% of whom do not use condoms and do not take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In addition, the highest number of deaths due to co-infection with MPX, HIV infection, and genital skin diseases occurred in vulnerable groups (LGBTQIA2S+), especially in men who had sex with men, up to 90.9%, and experienced an increase in the frequency of triple burden diseases to 104.9%. From an epidemiological standpoint, this condition generates several threats and challenges, including an increasing burden of infectious diseases, an increase in immunocompromised populations, an increase in overlapping risk factors, diagnostic difficulties, an increase in interactions and comorbidities, and relatively complex treatment challenges. To suppress these outbreaks and pandemics, comprehensive control and prevention should be proposed collaboratively, including collaboration with the education sector to conduct better research and investigation using one health in complex settings. Epidemiological modeling can be used in the future to accelerate the control of these diseases.
Co-Authors Adnyana , I Made Dwi Mertha Dwinka Syafira Eljatin Jundaeng, Jarupat Kusman Ibrahim Luh Nik Armini Machado, Filipe de Neri Maulana, Sidik Pereira, Abrão J. Umar, Tungki Pratama