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All Journal JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas
Rahma, Deva Aurelia
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Public Health Social Sciences

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Analisis Hukum dan Budaya Catcalling pada Perempuan di Lingkungan Masyarakat Zahra, Raisya Syafira; Anamy, Mulan Kasisty; Thalib, Sabrina Riyadh; Mulyana, Dian; Japono, Saskia Salsabila; Rahma, Deva Aurelia; Maulana, Rivo Denra; Gutama, Alma Florydia; Mulyadi, Raysha Aulia Fazila
VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas
Publisher : IAI Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/visa.v4i3.3203

Abstract

Catcalling is a frequent phenomenon in society where a person verbally harasses or humiliates women in public spaces through sexual comments or unwanted behavior. It creates discomfort, anxiety and even trauma for victims, and reflects gender and power inequalities in our culture. A legal and cultural analysis of catcalling of women reveals the complexity of addressing this issue. While some jurisdictions have laws against verbal harassment, enforcement is often ineffective, and cultures that maintain gender stereotypes reinforce the behavior. The importance of education, public awareness and cultural change in combating catcalling is essential in creating a safer and more equal environment for women in society.
Bad-Faith Practices in E-Commerce Standard Clauses and Their Impact on Consumer Protection Rahma, Deva Aurelia; Sulastri Sulastri
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.13116

Abstract

This study examines consumer legal protection concerning the application of standard clauses in e-commerce electronic agreements, which often create an imbalance of bargaining power between business actors and consumers. The research is motivated by the persistence of unfair standard clauses resulting from weak supervision and ineffective law enforcement, enabling bad faith practices by business actors. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches to assess the effectiveness of consumer protection regulations in electronic transactions. The findings indicate that although courts tend to uphold business actors’ responsibility to provide honest and transparent information, the absence of effective preventive supervision mechanisms continues to undermine consumer protection. The novelty of this research lies in proposing a preventive oversight model through the pre-approval of standard clauses by competent authorities prior to the enforcement of electronic agreements, contrasting with prior studies that predominantly adopt reactive and evaluative approaches. This study concludes that implementing a pre-approval mechanism is essential to foster a fair and transparent e-commerce business environment and to strengthen comprehensive consumer protection in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Anamy, Mulan Kasisty Gutama, Alma Florydia Japono, Saskia Salsabila Maulana, Rivo Denra Mulyadi, Raysha Aulia Fazila Mulyana, Dian Sulastri Sulastri Thalib, Sabrina Riyadh Zahra, Raisya Syafira