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All Journal Jurnal Dinamis Abdimas Talenta : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat REACTOR : Journal of Research On Chemistry And Engineering Dinamis Automotive Experiences Wahana Sustainable in Energy Science and Technology
Nur, Taufiq Bin
Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Thermodynamic Analysis of LPG Expansion in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines: Isenthalpic vs Isentropic Modeling Fauzan Azima; Aditya Harjon Bahar; Taufiq Bin Nur
Sustainable in Energy Science and Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Sustainable in Energy Science and Technology
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51510/siest.v1i2.3073

Abstract

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel in modern direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines must be modeled carefully to predict combustion behavior. In this work, we reformulate a student project into a research manuscript by comparing isenthalpic (Joule–Thomson) versus isentropic (ideal adiabatic) expansions of liquid LPG (propane surrogate) during injection. Using REFPROP thermophysical data and MATLAB simulations, we vary fuel rail pressures (45–100 bar) and fuel temperatures (30–85 °C) to determine critical flow properties at the injector throat (Mach 1 conditions). The choking point is identified by iterating pressure drop until the Mach number reaches unity in either a single-phase or two-phase region. We compute the resulting flashing ratio (liquid volume to vapor volume) for each model. Our results show that fuel temperature has a far greater effect on the speed-of-sound drop than rail pressure across all models, with higher temperatures yielding smaller acoustic drops. Nearly all cases produce flashing ratios Rp>1 (indicating significant vaporization), except under the second isenthalpic model where Rp falls below unity. Notably, the isentropic, first-isenthalpic, and isothermal models best reproduce a reference spray flash pattern, but their flashing ratios are very similar. Thus, we cannot definitively rank one model superior. Our analysis highlights that isentropic expansion yields a larger temperature drop than isenthalpic throttling, consistent with thermodynamic theory. The isentropic and first isenthalpic models predict almost identical choked-flow velocities and speed-of-sound behavior, whereas deviations appear only under the nonideal (second isenthalpic) cases. In summary, this modeling confirms that choosing a flash expansion assumption has only a subtle effect on predicted LPG fueling, provided the two leading models are considered.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste for Gasoline Fuel: Reaction Mechanism Engine Integration Enzo Wiranta Battra Siahaan; Tulus Burhanuddin Sitorus; Himsar Ambarita; Taufiq Bin Nur; Ilmi Ilmi; Janter Pangaduan Simanjuntak
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13822

Abstract

The escalating accumulation of plastic waste demands not only scalable but integrative conversion solutions. Among thermochemical routes, catalytic pyrolysis has emerged as a promising pathway to produce gasoline-range hydrocarbons from plastic polymers compatible with spark-ignition engines. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in pyrolysis of key plastics polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a focus on fuel yield, hydrocarbon distribution, and engine-level performance. Comparative analysis reveals PP as the most viable feedstock, achieving up to 85% liquid yield and producing oil with high Research Octane Numbers (RON 85”“95), outperforming PE and PS in combustion efficiency and emission compliance. However, persistent challenges such as fuel instability, catalyst deactivation, and elevated aromatic emissions particularly from PS complicate real-world deployment. The review further dissects the interplay between catalyst type, reactor design, and post-treatment, highlighting how these variables modulate product quality and engine operability. Notably, 10”“20% PP/PE-derived pyrolysis gasoline blends demonstrate near-parity with conventional gasoline in Brake Thermal Efficiency and regulated emissions, without requiring engine modifications. This work bridges molecular-level reaction chemistry with combustion diagnostics and policy-aligned emission metrics, offering a rare multiscale synthesis. By articulating process-emission-performance trade-offs, it provides a strategic reference for researchers and practitioners aiming to scale waste-to-fuel systems within circular economy frameworks.
Co-Authors ., Mahadi Abdul H. Nasution Aditya Harjon Bahar Andika PP Tampubolon Andriyani, Yunilda Burhanuddin, Tulus Dian M. Nasution Enzo Wiranta Battra Siahaan Farel H. Napitupulu Fauzan Azima Himsar Ambarita Himsar Ambarita Hutajulu, Poltak Evencus Ikhsan Sukri Ilmi Ilmi Irham F. Tanjung Janter Pangaduan Simanjuntak Justaman Arifin Karo-karo Lendeber Sinaga Muhammad Rozan Fawwaz Syariq Nasution, Dian M. Nst, Fadly A. Kurniawan Rezka Zuhra Maulida Rijal B. Sitorus Saddam Haikal Sari Farah Dina Septia Nugraha Sihombing, Hendrik V. Sumantri, Imam Bagus Syahril Gultom Tampubolon, Andika PP Tarisa Olivia Terang U.H.G.M Terang U.H.S.G Manik Tri Widyawati, Tri Tulus B. Sitorus Tulus B. Sitorus Tulus Burhanuddin Sitorus