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All Journal Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas Socio Politica : Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Sosiologi Zona Law And Public Administration Indonesia Studi Multidisipliner: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman
Nurhikmah, Aulia
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Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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A Review of Criminal Law and Islamic Law on the Role And Ethics of Debt Collectors in the Perspective of Hadith Interpretation Nurhikmah, Aulia
Zona Law And Public Administration Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 5 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Yayasan Mentari Madani

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Abstract

Enough money can buy everything we need and want, which is why everyone strives to earn money. Problems arise when the money is not available when the need is met. This can be addressed with a payment system called credit, which allows us to purchase items without having to pay immediately. With credit, we can pay for items according to our ability and within a certain timeframe, making it easier for us to obtain what we want without having to have a lot of cash on hand. However, credit allows borrowers to pay off their debts with interest over a certain period. As a result, the presence of debt collectors has expanded beyond the banking sector. Although other businesses with billing, such as leasing, provide credit to customers who want to buy cars or other vehicles on credit. However, in practice, debt collectors rarely commit legal violations such as intimidation, threats, and physical or psychological violence. Forced collection is considered a legal violation because debt collectors are categorized as general criminal offenses in the Criminal Code (KUHP), which consists of: a. Crimes and b. Offenses. The purpose of this research is to study how Islamic law regulates the role and ethics in the debt collection process, particularly how the profession of debt collectors is often associated with intimidation and violence, raising questions about its alignment with Islamic values. This study emphasizes elements of justice, compassion, and prevention of oppression as the main pillars of the debt collection process through the interpretation of hadith. Additionally, this article offers alternative debt collection solutions that are Sharia-compliant and ethical. The results of this study indicate that from an Islamic perspective, the role of debt collectors must be accompanied by ethics that reflect justice and humanitarian principles contained in the hadith
Settlement of Litigation and Non-Litigation Disputes in Sharia Economic Cases: A Case Study of The Musyarakah Contract Nurhikmah, Aulia; Madani, Farid; Sunaryo Mukhlas, Oyo
Zona Law And Public Administration Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Mentari Madani

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Abstract

Disputes can be resolved through litigation (in court) or non-litigation (out of court). Dispute resolution through litigation involves examining disputes before a judge in court. Whether it's public or private disputes, litigation, or court, are the most common dispute resolution methods. As time goes by, people's needs for justice and welfare increase. As a result, dispute resolution through litigation has become less effective. This is considered too long and costs quite a lot. In situations like this, people who seek justice begin to look for other options, namely dispute resolution outside the judicial process, which is called dispute resolution that does not involve litigation, i.e. non-litigation is carried out and the role of mediators. In the aspect of settlement using non-litigation methods for a quick and cheap settlement through the role of mediators in non-litigation dispute resolution through the negotiation stages, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration are some of the methods of resolving disputes outside of court. The discussion of the Musyarakah Contract is a form of financing that is commonly used in Islamic financial institutions. This research uses a normative approach to research to reveal the truth systematically, methodologically, and consistently. This approach has been collected and processed, analyzed and used for constructive purposes during the research process, how effective the role of mediators is in non-litigation dispute resolution
Implementation of sadd al-dhari'ah in preventing detrimental practices by debt collectors towards customers in Indonesia Nurhikmah, Aulia; Madani, Farid; Anwar, Syahrul; Solehudin, Ending
Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jis.v5i3.47681

Abstract

Pembahasan mengenai saddudzari'ah terhadap praktik merugikan Deb Collector terhadap nasabah, menjadikan topik menarik untuk penulis telisik lebih mendalam penerapan yang bisa digunakan untuk menagih hutang-piutang. Pada dasarnya saddudzari'ah dalam hukum islam yang berarti “menutup jalan (menuju) sesuatu yang haram”. Dalam konteks ini dzari’ah berarti sarana atau perantara, sedangkan saddu berarti menutup atau mencegah. Maka saddudzari'ah adalah prinsip mencegah perbuatan yang tampaknya mubah (boleh) tetapi dapat menjadi kerusakan. Pada saat ini jumlah uang yang cukup dapat membeli semua yang kita butuhkan dan inginkan, itulah sebabnya setiap orang berusaha mendapatkan uang. Sistem pembayaran yang disebut kredit, yang memungkinkan kita untuk membeli barang tanpa harus membayar segera. Namun, kredit memungkinkan peminjam membayar utang mereka dengan bunga dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Akibatnya, kehadiran penagih hutang berkembang di luar sektor perbankan. Meskipun bisnis lain dengan tagihan seperti leasing memberikan kredit kepada pelanggan yang ingin membeli mobil atau kendaraan lainnya dengan kredit. Namun, dalam praktiknya, penagih hutang jarang melakukan pelanggaran hukum seperti intimidasi, ancaman, dan kekerasan fisik atau psikis. Praktik penagihan utang oleh debt collector sering kali menimbulkan masalah, terutama ketika dilakukan dengan cara-cara yang merugikan nasabah. Penarikan paksa di jalan raya, penggunaan kekerasan, dan penagihan yang tidak manusiawi adalah beberapa contoh praktik yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan fisik, psikologis, dan sosial. Jurnal ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan prinsip saddudzari'ah dalam mencegah praktik-praktik merugikan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan pendekatan normatif-yuridis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip saddudzari'ah relevan untuk diterapkan dalam konteks ini, dengan menekankan pentingnya mencegah kerusakan sebelum terjadi. Regulasi yang jelas dan pengawasan yang ketat dari pihak berwenang diperlukan untuk memastikan praktik penagihan utang dilakukan secara etis dan sesuai dengan hukum.
Sharia Law construction regarding early name change of Ijarah object: A case study of Wakalah in Sharia banking practice Madani, Farid; Mukhlas, Oyo Sunaryo; Nurhikmah, Aulia
Socio Politica : Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Sosiologi Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Socio-Politica
Publisher : FISIP UIN SGD Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/socio-politica.v15i2.48713

Abstract

This article critically examines the issue of premature ownership transfer (early name change) in Ijarah Muntahiya Bittamlik (IMBT) contracts within Indonesian Islamic banking, focusing on both sharia and national legal perspectives. Premature transfer is understood as the transfer of ownership before the lease period ends, which raises concerns of legal certainty, potential tadlīs (disguised contract), and elements of gharar (uncertainty). Using a qualitative juridical-empirical approach, this study analyzes DSN-MUI fatwas, national legal regulations, and operational practices of Islamic banks. The findings reveal that premature ownership transfer contradicts both sharia principles and positive law, as it undermines fiduciary guarantees and weakens consumer protection. The main challenge identified is the persistence of such practices in the field due to administrative efficiency, often at the expense of normative compliance. As an alternative, the study recommends the implementation of the wakalah scheme, whereby dealers authorize banks to process ownership transfer only after all lessee obligations have been fulfilled, thus ensuring both compliance and efficiency. Contribution: This study contributes to the development of Islamic economic law by integrating classical fiqh, national regulations, and contemporary practices, while also offering practical recommendations for the Islamic banking industry to strengthen legal certainty, consumer protection, and global competitiveness.
Analysis of Variations in Sharia Economic Dispute Resolution System Nurhikmah, Aulia; Madani, Farid; Ridwan, Ahmad Hasan; Bisri, Hasan
Studi Multidisipliner: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padngsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/multidisipliner.v12i2.16779

Abstract

This research aims to examine in depth these normative foundations and their implications for the practice of sharia economic dispute resolution in Indonesia. The success of the development of a national Islamic financial system is highly dependent on the effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms, so it is important to examine how Islamic law and positive law offer different but complementary approaches. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to explore developing dispute resolution models. The findings of the study show that in the perspective of Islamic law, the settlement of sharia economic disputes can be carried out through two main models: through judicial authority (qaḍā') and outside the judiciary (taḥkīm or ṣulḥ). Meanwhile, within Indonesia's positive legal framework, there are two main approaches, namely: (1) dispute resolution through litigation processes in judicial institutions, and (2) dispute resolution through non-litigation mechanisms outside of court, such as mediation, arbitration, or other forms of ADR. This study confirms that the diversity of dispute resolution models provides flexibility as well as challenges in efforts to realize justice and legal certainty in sharia economic practices in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Ending Solehudin Hasan Bisri Madani, Farid Mukhlas, Oyo Sunaryo Nurwijayanti Ridwan, Ahmad Hasan