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All Journal JURISDICTIE Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) Prophetic Law Review JHCLS Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi
AllahRakha, Naeem
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Religion Humanities Environmental Science Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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THE LEGALITY OF REVERSE ENGINEERING AND THE PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS IN THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY AllahRakha, Naeem
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Vol 15, No 2 (2024): Jurisdictie
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v15i2.28422

Abstract

This article explores the legality of reverse engineering and the protection of trade secrets in the software industry. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal framework governing these issues and their implications for software developers and companies. Through a qualitative research methodology employing a doctrinal approach, the study examines relevant legal documents and scholarly articles. The findings suggest that while reverse engineering is generally legal, limitations and exceptions exist to protect trade secrets. The study highlights the importance of implementing effective legal and practical measures to safeguard valuable information in the software industry. Recommendations include the use of licensing agreements, confidentiality agreements, and technological protection measures. This research emphasizes the importance of balancing innovation through reverse engineering with the protection of intellectual property rights, while also addressing broader implications for the software industry. This article contributes by providing legal and practical guidance for software developers and companies in navigating the challenges between innovation through reverse engineering and the protection of trade secrets. Artikel ini membahas legalitas rekayasa balik (reverse engineering) dan perlindungan rahasia dagang dalam industri perangkat lunak. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman yang komprehensif mengenai kerangka hukum yang mengatur isu-isu tersebut serta implikasinya bagi pengembang perangkat lunak dan perusahaan. Melalui metodologi penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan doktrinal, penelitian ini menganalisis dokumen hukum yang relevan dan artikel ilmiah. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun rekayasa balik umumnya legal, terdapat batasan dan pengecualian untuk melindungi rahasia dagang. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya penerapan langkah-langkah hukum dan praktis yang efektif untuk melindungi informasi berharga dalam industri perangkat lunak. Rekomendasi mencakup penggunaan perjanjian lisensi, perjanjian kerahasiaan, dan langkah-langkah perlindungan teknologi. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya menyeimbangkan inovasi melalui rekayasa balik dengan perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual, serta membahas implikasi yang lebih luas bagi industri perangkat lunak. Artikel ini berkontribusi dalam memberikan panduan hukum dan praktis bagi pengembang perangkat lunak dan perusahaan dalam menavigasi tantangan antara inovasi melalui rekayasa balik dan perlindungan rahasia dagang.
Cross-Border E-Crimes: Jurisdiction and Due Process Challenges AllahRakha, Naeem
ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan Vol 18, No 2 (2024): ADLIYA: JURNAL HUKUM DAN KEMANUSIAAN
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/adliya.v18i2.38633

Abstract

Cross-border e-crimes pose significant challenges due to the borderless nature of cyberspace and the complexities of international legal cooperation. This research examines the existing international legal frameworks, such as the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, and their effectiveness in harmonizing laws and facilitating cross-border investigations. The study applies the doctrinal research methodology to analyze the regulations on cybercrimes. It analyzes the role of international standards of due process and prosecution in upholding individual rights and ensuring fair trials in cross-border cases. The legal frameworks for collecting and sharing digital evidence across borders are fragmented, creating significant challenges for international cooperation. Emerging technologies further complicate the governance of cybercrime. Law enforcement agencies face legal and privacy issues when accessing cross-border data stored in the cloud. The execution of mutual legal assistance requests in cybercrime cases remains slow and inefficient. Gaps in international frameworks hinder lawful access to electronic evidence, while cross-border cybercrime investigations experience delays due to language barriers, incompatible laws, and limited technical expertise within national agencies. These challenges underscore the need for a unified approach to tackle cross-border e-crimes effectively.
Jurisdiction and Due Process Challenges in Addressing Cross-Border Cybercrime AllahRakha, Naeem
ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024): ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/adliya.v18i2.38633

Abstract

Cross-border cybercrime is identified as a growing concern due to the inherently borderless nature of cyberspace and the legal complexities associated with international cooperation and collaboration. Therefore, this research aims to examine the effectiveness of existing international legal frameworks, particularly the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, in harmonising national legislation and supporting cross-border investigations. A doctrinal research methodology was adopted to review current cybercrime regulations and assess how international standards related to due process and prosecution contribute to safeguarding individual rights and ensuring fair trials in cross-border contexts. However, the current legal frameworks for collecting and sharing digital evidence across jurisdictions remain fragmented, posing substantial challenges to practical cooperation among nations. This fragmentation was further exacerbated by the rapid advancement of digital technologies, which continued to outpace legal reform. Law enforcement agencies now face growing legal and privacy-related challenges, particularly when attempting to access cross-border data stored on cloud-based platforms. Moreover, the execution of mutual legal assistance requests in cybercrime investigations continued to remain slow and inefficient, largely due to procedural bottlenecks and a lack of coordination. Significant gaps within existing international frameworks continue to hinder lawful access to electronic evidence. Additionally, investigations are frequently delayed due to language differences, conflicting legal systems, and inadequate technical capacity among national authorities. These persistent challenges underscore the urgent need for a coordinated and standardised global strategy to address cross-border cybercrime.
Enhancing Sustainable Development Efficiency Through a Single Smart City Platform: A Cost-Benefit Policy Perspective from Indonesia Amnesti, Sheila Kusuma Wardani; Adityo, Rayno Dwi; Zulaichah, Siti; Hariz, Hajar Salamah Salsabila; AllahRakha, Naeem
Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Vol. 8 Issue 1 (2025) Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The issue of "application fatigue" among government agencies has led to a reluctance among user to download or engage with existing applications. The intent behind these applications is to digitalize government functions, particularly in enhancing public services. This article explores the application of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) regarding the development of smart city policies in Indonesia. Historically, smart city initiatives have often translated into the creation of new applications by both central and regional government entities. This study employs normative legal research, utilizing both a statutory and cost-benefit analysis approach to investigate smart city implementation. The findings that the current conditions for smart city development in Indonesia are regressing, primarily due to lack of central government regulations that serve as guidelines for these initiatives. The involvement of stakeholders is examined based on their authority and interests, which significantly influence the implementation of the single smart city platform. Furthermore, the cost-benefit analysis demonstrates the importance of establishing and implementing this single smart city platform as a means to enhance decision-making efficiency within government agencies. It is hoped that this article will serve as a recommendation for policymakers to conduct through analysis prior to program development to ensure feasibility and effectiveness.
Legislators Qualifications in Pakistan Under Islamic Constitutional Provisions AllahRakha, Naeem
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Lembaga Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v5i2.491

Abstract

Legislators’ qualifications play a vital role in preserving the integrity, legitimacy, and credibility of democratic governance. In Pakistan, the Constitution outlines specific requirements for candidates in Article 62, which are based on Islamic principles. However, the election laws do not provide clear procedural or definitional guidance for applying these provisions. This study examines the constitutional and Islamic foundations of legislators’ qualifications, interprets these provisions in light of Islamic teachings, and compares them with eligibility criteria in other democratic jurisdictions. The findings show that Pakistan’s electoral framework does not include explicit mechanisms to evaluate a candidate’s good character, Islamic knowledge, or moral conduct. Key terms such as good character, Islamic duties, and major sins remain undefined. This lack of clarity creates legal uncertainty, causes inconsistent enforcement, and raises concerns about fairness, transparency, and equal political rights. The absence of precise definitions also allows arbitrary or politically motivated interpretations, which weaken the rule of law. The comparison reveals that Egypt, Iran, Turkey, and Indonesia use more explicit legal or institutional mechanisms to determine candidate eligibility. The study concludes that lawmakers should clarify constitutional terms in election laws to strengthen legal certainty, ensure consistent application, and improve democratic governance.
Dynamics of Omnibus Law Formation: Between Legislative Efficiency and Potential Legal Chaos Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin; Ranendra, Bagas; Tajrim, Muhammad Ikhsan; AllahRakha, Naeem
Jurnal Hukum Replik Vol 13, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Hukum Replik
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31000/jhr.v13i2.14512

Abstract

The Omnibus Law method represents a novel approach in the Indonesian legislative framework, initially embodied in Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. This method unify diverse sectoral regulations into a singular legal framework to enhance economic growth and streamline investment processes. However, it faces substantial criticism regarding its legitimacy, notably for inadequate public participation and potential legal ambiguities that may arise from overlapping norms. The integration of the Omnibus Law, influenced by common law traditions, presents compatibility challenges within Indonesia's civil law system, which emphasizes a hierarchical legal structure. The absence of explicit procedures for enacting Omnibus Laws in existing legislation has resulted in fears of legal uncertainty and procedural violations, particularly manifest in the rapid and non-inclusive passage of the Job Creation Law. Critics caution that this approach undermines democratic processes by lacking transparency and public input, as evidenced by widespread protests reflecting public discontent. Additionally, the consolidation of various regulations raises concerns regarding interpretative conflicts and implementation difficulties, posing risks to compliance and governance efficiency. The Constitutional Court has deemed the law "conditionally unconstitutional," underlining its procedural shortcomings. Despite these issues, the Omnibus Law holds potential for simplifying complex regulations and fostering investment, contingent upon enhanced transparency, accountability, and public engagement. Consequently, while the Omnibus Law method could significantly reform Indonesia's legislative landscape by providing adaptive solutions for contemporary challenges, its successful implementation necessitates careful formulation and a commitment to preserving justice and equity within the legal process.
Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Challenges of AI Integration in the Judicial System: Between Efficiency and Fairness AllahRakha, Naeem; Fatih , Sholahuddin Al; Djumaevich, Khaydarov Shukhratjon; Nuraliyevich, Ruzinazarov Shuhrat
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 8 No. 1 June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol8.iss1.art4

Abstract

The integration of AI into judicial systems represents a consequential and underregulated transformation in modern governance. This study is anchored in the accountability gap framework, which argues that autonomous systems create a gap between human agency and legal responsibility, and in the principle of due process, which requires procedural compliance and protection of fundamental rights in AI-mediated decisions. The study evaluates the opportunities and risks associated with AI in legal document automation, case management, predictive analytics, and decision-making. The study analyzes the ethical, legal, and practical challenges AI poses to judicial systems, including bias, accountability, transparency, and data protection. A qualitative methodology, including doctrinal analysis and document review, examined legislation, case law, and institutional frameworks, supported by empirical illustrations. The findings highlight efficiency gains, improved access to justice, and enhanced analytical capabilities. In response to the identified risks, the research recommends establishing ethical oversight boards, maintaining AI transparency logs, developing hybrid human-AI decision-making frameworks, and implementing robust legislative mechanisms. AI offers unprecedented advances in case management, improved legal research, and more consistent analytical support for judicial decision-making. Its deployment must be carefully and strictly regulated. The paper concludes that efficiency and fairness are not inherently opposed, but that realizing both requires moving beyond technical fixes toward structural legal reform.
Co-Authors Djumaevich, Khaydarov Shukhratjon Fatih , Sholahuddin Al Hariz, Hajar Salamah Salsabila Nuraliyevich, Ruzinazarov Shuhrat Ranendra, Bagas Rayno Dwi Adityo Sheila Kusuma Wardani Amnesti Sholahuddin Al-Fatih Tajrim, Muhammad Ikhsan Zulaichah, Siti