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Effectiveness of Secondary Prophylaxis with Benzathine Penicillin G in Preventing Recurrent Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Brazilian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial Sophia Lucille Rodriguez; Lucia Fernandez
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i1.15

Introduction: (ARF) and its sequela, (RHD), remain significant public health concerns in developing countries. Secondary prophylaxis with Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG) is the cornerstone of preventing recurrent ARF and progression of RHD. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of BPG in preventing recurrent ARF and RHD in Brazilian children. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil. Children aged 5-15 years with a history of ARF and/or RHD were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either BPG injections every 28 days or standard care (no BPG) for two years. The primary outcome was the incidence of recurrent ARF episodes. Secondary outcomes included the development of new or worsening RHD, echocardiographic parameters, and adverse events related to BPG. Results: A total of 200 children were enrolled (BPG group = 100, standard care group = 100). The median follow-up duration was 24 months. The incidence of recurrent ARF was significantly lower in the BPG group compared to the standard care group (4% vs. 18%, p < 0.001). The BPG group also demonstrated a reduced risk of developing new or worsening RHD (8% vs. 22%, p = 0.003). Echocardiographic parameters showed improvement in the BPG group, with a significant decrease in left atrial diameter and mitral regurgitation severity. Adverse events related to BPG were mild and infrequent. Conclusion: Secondary prophylaxis with BPG is highly effective in preventing recurrent ARF and RHD in Brazilian children. It should be considered a standard of care for all children with a history of ARF and/or RHD in endemic regions.

The Impact of Early Intervention on Motor Outcomes in Infants with Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Study with Advanced Neuroimaging Correlates in Surabaya, Indonesia Habiburrahman Said; Novalika Kurnia; Fatimah Mursyid; Sophia Lucille Rodriguez; Theresia Putri Sinaga; Aline Hafidzah
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v1i1.29

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting motor function in children. Early intervention (EI) has been shown to improve motor outcomes in infants with CP, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. This longitudinal study investigated the impact of EI on motor outcomes and its association with neuroimaging correlates in infants with CP in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: We recruited 60 infants diagnosed with CP aged 6-18 months in Surabaya, Indonesia. Participants were randomly assigned to either an EI group receiving 6 months of individualized, home-based intervention or a control group receiving standard care. Motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), were used to assess brain structure and function at baseline and 12 months. Results: Infants in the EI group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in GMFM-88 scores compared to the control group at 6 and 12 months (p < 0.05). DTI revealed increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum in the EI group at 12 months, indicating improved white matter integrity. fMRI showed increased functional connectivity in motor networks in the EI group compared to the control group at 12 months. Conclusion: Early intervention significantly improved motor outcomes in infants with CP in Surabaya, Indonesia. These improvements were associated with enhanced white matter integrity and functional connectivity in motor-related brain regions. Our findings highlight the importance of early intervention in promoting neuroplasticity and improving motor function in infants with CP.

Early Detection of Hearing Loss in Neonates in Mexico: Comparing the Accuracy of Auditory Brainstem Response and Otoacoustic Emissions Sophia Lucille Rodriguez; Made Swastika; Theresia Putri Sinaga
Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjorl.v1i2.80

Introduction: Early detection of hearing loss in neonates is critical for timely intervention and optimal speech and language development. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs), two commonly used hearing screening methods, in identifying hearing loss in newborns in Mexico City. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City. Newborns were screened with both ABR and OAEs within the first 48 hours of life. Infants who failed either screening test underwent diagnostic audiological evaluation by three months of age. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of ABR and OAEs were calculated using the diagnostic evaluation as the gold standard. Results: A total of 500 newborns were included in the study. The prevalence of hearing loss was 3%. ABR had a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 92%, PPV of 60%, and NPV of 99%. OAEs had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 45%, and NPV of 98%. ABR demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity compared to OAEs (p<0.05). Conclusion: ABR exhibited higher sensitivity in detecting hearing loss in neonates compared to OAEs. However, both methods demonstrated high NPV, suggesting their suitability for universal newborn hearing screening programs. The choice between ABR and OAEs may depend on available resources and the specific needs of the healthcare setting.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) among Adolescents in Indonesia: Implications for Early Intervention Habiburrahman Said; Rheina Weisch Fedre; Saurie Hernandez; Sophia Lucille Rodriguez; Fatimah Mursyid; Irna Nettles
Sriwijaya Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Sriwijaya Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjog.v1i2.83

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting adolescents, with potential long-term health implications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with PCOS among Indonesian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving adolescent girls aged 15-19 years from selected schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through questionnaires, physical examinations, and biochemical assessments. PCOS diagnosis was based on the Rotterdam criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with PCOS. Results: The prevalence of PCOS among Indonesian adolescents was found to be 6.5%. Significant risk factors associated with PCOS included obesity (OR=3.2, 95% CI 2.1-4.8), family history of PCOS (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.6-3.9), irregular menstrual cycles (OR=4.1, 95% CI 2.8-6.0), and hirsutism (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.2). Conclusion: PCOS is prevalent among Indonesian adolescents. Early identification of risk factors such as obesity, family history, irregular menstruation, and hirsutism is crucial for early intervention and management to mitigate potential long-term health consequences.

Three-Year Clinical Performance of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) versus Glass Ionomer Cement in Arresting Carious Lesions in Primary Molars: A Community-Based Cohort Study Winata Putri; Sophia Lucille Rodriguez; Sarah Armalia; Alexander Mulya
Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/crown.v3i1.238

Introduction: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a significant global health problem. Minimally invasive treatments like Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) are crucial, but long-term comparative effectiveness data from real-world community settings are scarce. This study aimed to compare the three-year clinical performance of 38% SDF versus high-viscosity GIC in arresting active carious lesions in the primary molars of preschool children. Methods: This study was designed as a three-year, prospective, non-randomized, community-based cohort study in an underserved urban population in South Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 450 children aged 3-5 years with at least one active cavitated carious lesion (ICDAS 5/6) in a primary molar were enrolled. Following parental consent and choice, lesions were treated with either a single application of 38% SDF or a high-viscosity GIC restoration using the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique. Calibrated examiners assessed the lesions for caries arrest at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months using standardized visual-tactile criteria. The primary outcome was the proportion of arrested lesions. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: A total of 620 lesions (309 SDF, 311 GIC) were treated and followed. At the 36-month follow-up, the caries arrest rate in the SDF group was 81.2%, which was significantly higher than the 64.8% arrest rate observed in the GIC group (χ² = 24.5, p < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly higher probability of lesions remaining in an arrested state in the SDF group over the three-year period (log-rank test, p < 0.001). The Cox regression model identified the treatment modality as the primary predictor of failure, with GIC having a hazard ratio of 2.15 (95% CI: 1.55-2.98) compared to SDF. Conclusion: Within the parameters of this community-based cohort study, a single application of 38% SDF was significantly more effective in arresting active carious lesions in primary molars over a three-year period than high-viscosity GIC applied via the ART technique. These findings support the prioritization of SDF in public health programs for managing ECC.

The Algorithmic Sanctuary: Social-Interaction Burnout, Loneliness, and Emotional Attachment to AI Companions Among Young Adults in Indonesia Ni Made Nova Indriani; Immanuel Simbolon; Sophia Lucille Rodriguez
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i3.327

Post-pandemic digital life has produced a new affective phenomenon: large-language-model “AI companions” that invite two-way parasocial relationships. Counter-intuitively, the most intense users in urban Indonesia appear to be not the physically isolated but socially active young adults experiencing interaction burnout, who treat AI as a refuge from the judgment costs of a collectivist culture. Yet no integrated model has tested why relational strain translates into machine attachment in a Global-South setting. Drawing on Parasocial Interaction Theory, the Computers-Are-Social-Actors paradigm, and emotional-labor theory, this cross-sectional survey of 1,200 young adults recruited through a public organization in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia, measured social-interaction burnout, subjective loneliness, collectivist judgment apprehension, AI parasocial interaction, and emotional attachment to AI using validated Likert scales analysed with reliability, correlation, multiple regression, bootstrap mediation, and moderation. All scales were reliable (α = .84–.91; KMO = 0.96). The model explained 48% of variance in attachment (adjusted R² = .486, F = 284, p < .001). Parasocial interaction (β = .318), loneliness (β = .254), and burnout (β = .238) were the strongest predictors (all p < .001). Parasocial interaction partially mediated the burnout–attachment path (indirect = .160, 95% CI [.132, .191]), and judgment apprehension moderated the loneliness–attachment link (β = .127, p < .001). Findings introduce the “Algorithmic Sanctuary” account of AI companionship and inform digital-wellbeing policy in collectivist societies.

The Algorithmic Sanctuary: Social-Interaction Burnout, Loneliness, and Emotional Attachment to AI Companions Among Young Adults in Indonesia Ni Made Nova Indriani; Immanuel Simbolon; Sophia Lucille Rodriguez
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i3.327

Post-pandemic digital life has produced a new affective phenomenon: large-language-model “AI companions” that invite two-way parasocial relationships. Counter-intuitively, the most intense users in urban Indonesia appear to be not the physically isolated but socially active young adults experiencing interaction burnout, who treat AI as a refuge from the judgment costs of a collectivist culture. Yet no integrated model has tested why relational strain translates into machine attachment in a Global-South setting. Drawing on Parasocial Interaction Theory, the Computers-Are-Social-Actors paradigm, and emotional-labor theory, this cross-sectional survey of 1,200 young adults recruited through a public organization in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia, measured social-interaction burnout, subjective loneliness, collectivist judgment apprehension, AI parasocial interaction, and emotional attachment to AI using validated Likert scales analysed with reliability, correlation, multiple regression, bootstrap mediation, and moderation. All scales were reliable (α = .84–.91; KMO = 0.96). The model explained 48% of variance in attachment (adjusted R² = .486, F = 284, p < .001). Parasocial interaction (β = .318), loneliness (β = .254), and burnout (β = .238) were the strongest predictors (all p < .001). Parasocial interaction partially mediated the burnout–attachment path (indirect = .160, 95% CI [.132, .191]), and judgment apprehension moderated the loneliness–attachment link (β = .127, p < .001). Findings introduce the “Algorithmic Sanctuary” account of AI companionship and inform digital-wellbeing policy in collectivist societies.

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