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The Impact of Early Intervention on Motor Outcomes in Infants with Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Study with Advanced Neuroimaging Correlates in Surabaya, Indonesia Habiburrahman Said; Novalika Kurnia; Fatimah Mursyid; Sophia Lucille Rodriguez; Theresia Putri Sinaga; Aline Hafidzah
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v1i1.29

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting motor function in children. Early intervention (EI) has been shown to improve motor outcomes in infants with CP, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. This longitudinal study investigated the impact of EI on motor outcomes and its association with neuroimaging correlates in infants with CP in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: We recruited 60 infants diagnosed with CP aged 6-18 months in Surabaya, Indonesia. Participants were randomly assigned to either an EI group receiving 6 months of individualized, home-based intervention or a control group receiving standard care. Motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), were used to assess brain structure and function at baseline and 12 months. Results: Infants in the EI group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in GMFM-88 scores compared to the control group at 6 and 12 months (p < 0.05). DTI revealed increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum in the EI group at 12 months, indicating improved white matter integrity. fMRI showed increased functional connectivity in motor networks in the EI group compared to the control group at 12 months. Conclusion: Early intervention significantly improved motor outcomes in infants with CP in Surabaya, Indonesia. These improvements were associated with enhanced white matter integrity and functional connectivity in motor-related brain regions. Our findings highlight the importance of early intervention in promoting neuroplasticity and improving motor function in infants with CP.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Maternal Mortality Rates in Indonesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study Imanuel Simbolon; Louisa Istarini; Desiree Montesinos; Habiburrahman Said; Yi-Fen Huang
Sriwijaya Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjog.v1i1.21

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Early reports have indicated an increase in maternal mortality rates (MMR) in various settings. This study aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MMR in Indonesia, a populous country in Southeast Asia with a high MMR. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health's Maternal Mortality Surveillance System (MMSS). The study population included all pregnant women who delivered in Indonesia between January 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2022. Women were categorized into two groups: those who delivered before the pandemic (January 1st, 2018, to February 29th, 2020) and those who delivered during the pandemic (March 1st, 2020, to December 31st 2022). The primary outcome was maternal death. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between the pandemic period and maternal mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: A total of 1,250,480 deliveries were included in the study. The MMR during the pandemic period was 155 per 100,000 live births, compared to 118 per 100,000 live births pre-pandemic. After adjusting for confounders such as maternal age, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare, the pandemic period was independently associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-1.39). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in MMR in Indonesia. This highlights the need for continued efforts to strengthen maternal healthcare systems and ensure access to quality care, especially during public health emergencies.
The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) among Adolescents in Indonesia: Implications for Early Intervention Habiburrahman Said; Rheina Weisch Fedre; Saurie Hernandez; Sophia Lucille Rodriguez; Fatimah Mursyid; Irna Nettles
Sriwijaya Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Sriwijaya Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjog.v1i2.83

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting adolescents, with potential long-term health implications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with PCOS among Indonesian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving adolescent girls aged 15-19 years from selected schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through questionnaires, physical examinations, and biochemical assessments. PCOS diagnosis was based on the Rotterdam criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with PCOS. Results: The prevalence of PCOS among Indonesian adolescents was found to be 6.5%. Significant risk factors associated with PCOS included obesity (OR=3.2, 95% CI 2.1-4.8), family history of PCOS (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.6-3.9), irregular menstrual cycles (OR=4.1, 95% CI 2.8-6.0), and hirsutism (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.2). Conclusion: PCOS is prevalent among Indonesian adolescents. Early identification of risk factors such as obesity, family history, irregular menstruation, and hirsutism is crucial for early intervention and management to mitigate potential long-term health consequences.
Empowering Educators, Supporting Students: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of a Train-the-Trainer Model for School Mental Health in Indonesia Ahmad Badruddin; Omar Alieva; Ifah Shandy; Henny Kesuma; Benyamin Wongso; Winata Putri; Habiburrahman Said
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i2.49

Abstract

Adolescent mental health is a pressing concern in urban Indonesian schools, where a significant gap exists between student needs and the availability of professional support. This study evaluated the efficacy of a culturally-adapted, school-based "Train-the-Trainer" (TtT) community service model designed to build sustainable mental health support capacity by empowering teachers. A quasi-experimental study with a matched control group was conducted in 20 public high schools in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Ten schools (n=150 teachers, n=1500 students) received the TtT intervention, where core teachers were trained to cascade mental health literacy and foundational support skills to their peers. Ten matched schools (n=145 teachers, n=1450 students) served as a control group. Data on teacher self-efficacy, student-reported support awareness, and school mental health policies were collected at baseline, 6-months, and 12-months. A linear mixed-effects model revealed a significant time-by-group interaction, with teachers in the intervention group reporting substantially higher confidence in supporting students at 12 months (M=4.15, 95% CI [4.01, 4.29]) compared to the control group (M=2.51, 95% CI [2.37, 2.65]), a large effect (d=2.41). Intervention students were significantly more likely to know how to access support (78% vs. 27%; OR=9.82, 95% CI [8.11, 11.89], p < 0.001). Intervention schools demonstrated a massive increase in formalized mental health protocols compared to control schools (IRR=7.94, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the TtT model is a highly effective and scalable strategy for building a foundational mental health support system within existing school structures in resource-constrained settings. By investing in local educators, this model fosters a sustainable, multi-tiered support ecosystem, offering a viable pathway for national policy and practice in Indonesia.
Buffering Effects of Extended Family: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Maternal Depression, Parenting Stress, and Early Childhood Development in West Java, Indonesia Habiburrahman Said; Novalika Kurnia; Aline Hafidzah; Vania Delma; Fachrudin Sani
Scientia Psychiatrica Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Scientia Psychiatrica
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/scipsy.v6i2.201

Abstract

Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), maternal mental health significantly impacts early childhood development (ECD). West Java, Indonesia, presents a unique cultural context where extended family involvement is ubiquitous. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism linking maternal depressive symptoms to early childhood developmental delays, focusing on the mediating role of parenting stress and the moderating role of social support from extended family. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in five regencies of West Java (N = 842 mother-child dyads). Children were aged 12–36 months. We utilized the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for depressive symptoms, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) for stress, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) adapted for extended family, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) for developmental monitoring. A moderated mediation model (Hayes Model 7) was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with 5,000 bootstrap samples. Results: High maternal depressive symptoms were significantly associated with lower ECD scores (β = -0.42, p < 0.001). Parenting stress partially mediated this relationship (Indirect Effect = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.24, -0.13]). Crucially, extended family support moderated the path between depression and parenting stress (β = -0.15, p < 0.01). Specifically, the impact of depression on parenting stress was significantly dampened in households with high extended family engagement compared to those with low support. Conclusion: Parenting stress is a critical pathway through which maternal depression compromises child development. However, the collectivist family structure in West Java serves as a protective buffer. Interventions should target not only the mother but also mobilize the extended family network as a resource for 'kalyana mitra' (supportive friends/family).