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Propolis from Mount Lawu: Dose-Dependent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in a Rat Model of Wound Healing Proginova Dian Yudatama; Amru Sungkar; Ida Bagus Budhi Surya Adnyana
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i3.1232

Background: Chronic wounds present a significant healthcare challenge, necessitating the exploration of effective adjuvant therapies. Propolis, a natural product derived from beehives, has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the dose-dependent effects of Mount Lawu propolis extract on oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of wound healing. Methods: A completely randomized experimental design was employed using male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Granulation tissue wounds were induced, and the rats were treated with varying doses of ethanol extract of Mount Lawu propolis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess the expression of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the wound tissue. Results: The results demonstrated a significant dose-dependent decrease in MDA and IL-6 expression in the propolis-treated groups compared to the control group. The high-dose propolis group exhibited the most substantial reduction in both MDA and IL-6 levels. Conclusion: Mount Lawu propolis extract exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for chronic wound management.

The Role of Mount Lawu Propolis in Modulating Oxidative Stress and Angiogenic Factors During the Proliferation Phase of Wound Healing Muhammad Apri Rajab; Amru Sungkar; Ida Bagus Budhi Surya Adnyana
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 6 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i6.1298

Background: The skin, the body's largest and first-line defense organ, is crucial for protection against environmental aggressors, thermoregulation, fluid balance, immune surveillance, sensory perception, and the intricate process of wound healing. This study investigated the modulatory role of Mount Lawu propolis extract on Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis, during the critical proliferation phase of wound healing. Methods: A post-test-only control group design experimental study was conducted using twenty-four male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Following the creation of standardized full-thickness skin excision wounds, the rats were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): a control group receiving no propolis, and three treatment groups receiving topical applications of 200mg/kgBB (Group 1), 400mg/kgBB (Group 2), and 800mg/kgBB (Group 3) ethanol propolis extract daily for seven days. MDA and VEGF expression in granulated tissue samples were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitatively scored. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test due to non-normal data distribution. Results: MDA levels showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in Group 2 (400mg/kgBB propolis) compared to the control, indicating a dose-specific antioxidant effect. VEGF expression demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.05) in all propolis-treated groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) compared to the control, confirming the pro-angiogenic potential of propolis. Notably, the highest VEGF expression was observed in Group 3 (800mg/kgBB propolis). Conclusion: Mount Lawu ethanol propolis extract effectively modulated both oxidative stress and angiogenesis during the proliferation phase of wound healing in this rat model. A 400mg/kgBB/day dose of propolis optimally reduced MDA expression, while propolis at all doses, particularly 800mg/kgBB/day, significantly enhanced VEGF expression. These findings suggest propolis as a promising therapeutic agent to enhance wound healing by mitigating oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis.

The Role of Mount Lawu Propolis in Modulating Oxidative Stress and Angiogenic Factors During the Proliferation Phase of Wound Healing Muhammad Apri Rajab; Amru Sungkar; Ida Bagus Budhi Surya Adnyana
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 6 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i6.1298

Background: The skin, the body's largest and first-line defense organ, is crucial for protection against environmental aggressors, thermoregulation, fluid balance, immune surveillance, sensory perception, and the intricate process of wound healing. This study investigated the modulatory role of Mount Lawu propolis extract on Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis, during the critical proliferation phase of wound healing. Methods: A post-test-only control group design experimental study was conducted using twenty-four male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Following the creation of standardized full-thickness skin excision wounds, the rats were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): a control group receiving no propolis, and three treatment groups receiving topical applications of 200mg/kgBB (Group 1), 400mg/kgBB (Group 2), and 800mg/kgBB (Group 3) ethanol propolis extract daily for seven days. MDA and VEGF expression in granulated tissue samples were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitatively scored. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test due to non-normal data distribution. Results: MDA levels showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in Group 2 (400mg/kgBB propolis) compared to the control, indicating a dose-specific antioxidant effect. VEGF expression demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.05) in all propolis-treated groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) compared to the control, confirming the pro-angiogenic potential of propolis. Notably, the highest VEGF expression was observed in Group 3 (800mg/kgBB propolis). Conclusion: Mount Lawu ethanol propolis extract effectively modulated both oxidative stress and angiogenesis during the proliferation phase of wound healing in this rat model. A 400mg/kgBB/day dose of propolis optimally reduced MDA expression, while propolis at all doses, particularly 800mg/kgBB/day, significantly enhanced VEGF expression. These findings suggest propolis as a promising therapeutic agent to enhance wound healing by mitigating oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis.

Orthoplastic Limb Salvage of a Gustilo-Anderson Grade IIIB Open Trans-Articular Knee Fracture: A Case Report on Staged Reconstruction with a Rotational Fasciocutaneous Flap Satriya Teguh Imam; Amru Sungkar; Rhyan Dharma
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 9 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i9.1385

Background: High-energy, open trans-articular knee fractures with extensive soft-tissue loss represent a formidable challenge, carrying a high risk of deep infection, nonunion, and amputation. Successful limb salvage necessitates a collaborative orthoplastic approach, combining aggressive surgical debridement and skeletal stabilization with timely, vascularized soft-tissue coverage. Case presentation: A 16-year-old male was admitted after a severe traffic accident, sustaining a Gustilo-Anderson Grade IIIB open fracture of the right knee. The injury comprised a comminuted distal femur fracture, a comminuted tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker VI), a comminuted patellar fracture, and a proximal fibula fracture. A 12x15 cm soft-tissue defect with a depth of 6 cm exposed the joint capsule and all fracture sites. The patient underwent a staged management protocol. The initial surgery involved extensive debridement of non-viable tissue and stabilization with a spanning multi-planar external fixator, followed by a second-look debridement. Definitive coverage was achieved on day five with a large, medially-based rotational fasciocutaneous flap and a split-thickness skin graft over the donor site. At the 1-year follow-up, all fractures had united, and the soft-tissue envelope was stable and sensate. The patient achieved a functional knee range of motion of 0-100 degrees and could ambulate without aids. The Lysholm knee score was 85, and the Knee Society Score (KSS) was 88. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that a meticulously planned, staged orthoplastic strategy can achieve successful limb salvage even in devastating open knee injuries. A large, local rotational fasciocutaneous flap can serve as a reliable and less complex alternative to free tissue transfer for covering massive defects in this region, particularly in young patients with favorable tissue characteristics.

Orthoplastic Limb Salvage of a Gustilo-Anderson Grade IIIB Open Trans-Articular Knee Fracture: A Case Report on Staged Reconstruction with a Rotational Fasciocutaneous Flap Satriya Teguh Imam; Amru Sungkar; Rhyan Dharma
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 9 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i9.1385

Background: High-energy, open trans-articular knee fractures with extensive soft-tissue loss represent a formidable challenge, carrying a high risk of deep infection, nonunion, and amputation. Successful limb salvage necessitates a collaborative orthoplastic approach, combining aggressive surgical debridement and skeletal stabilization with timely, vascularized soft-tissue coverage. Case presentation: A 16-year-old male was admitted after a severe traffic accident, sustaining a Gustilo-Anderson Grade IIIB open fracture of the right knee. The injury comprised a comminuted distal femur fracture, a comminuted tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker VI), a comminuted patellar fracture, and a proximal fibula fracture. A 12x15 cm soft-tissue defect with a depth of 6 cm exposed the joint capsule and all fracture sites. The patient underwent a staged management protocol. The initial surgery involved extensive debridement of non-viable tissue and stabilization with a spanning multi-planar external fixator, followed by a second-look debridement. Definitive coverage was achieved on day five with a large, medially-based rotational fasciocutaneous flap and a split-thickness skin graft over the donor site. At the 1-year follow-up, all fractures had united, and the soft-tissue envelope was stable and sensate. The patient achieved a functional knee range of motion of 0-100 degrees and could ambulate without aids. The Lysholm knee score was 85, and the Knee Society Score (KSS) was 88. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that a meticulously planned, staged orthoplastic strategy can achieve successful limb salvage even in devastating open knee injuries. A large, local rotational fasciocutaneous flap can serve as a reliable and less complex alternative to free tissue transfer for covering massive defects in this region, particularly in young patients with favorable tissue characteristics.

Propolis from Mount Lawu: Dose-Dependent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in a Rat Model of Wound Healing Proginova Dian Yudatama; Amru Sungkar; Ida Bagus Budhi Surya Adnyana
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i3.1232

Background: Chronic wounds present a significant healthcare challenge, necessitating the exploration of effective adjuvant therapies. Propolis, a natural product derived from beehives, has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the dose-dependent effects of Mount Lawu propolis extract on oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of wound healing. Methods: A completely randomized experimental design was employed using male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Granulation tissue wounds were induced, and the rats were treated with varying doses of ethanol extract of Mount Lawu propolis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess the expression of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the wound tissue. Results: The results demonstrated a significant dose-dependent decrease in MDA and IL-6 expression in the propolis-treated groups compared to the control group. The high-dose propolis group exhibited the most substantial reduction in both MDA and IL-6 levels. Conclusion: Mount Lawu propolis extract exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for chronic wound management.

Thresholds of Cytoprotection: Ethanolic Propolis Extract Mitigates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the MDA/IL-6 Axis in a Graded Rat Skin Flap Model Dinar Kukuh Prasetyo; Amru Sungkar; Brian Wasita
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1546

Background: Distal necrosis in reconstructive skin flaps results from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. While Propolis exhibits antioxidant properties, its efficacy limit relative to the severity of ischemic challenge remains undefined. Methods: A randomized, controlled experimental study was conducted using 36 male Wistar rats. A graded ischemia model was engineered using modified McFarlane flaps with increasing length-to-width ratios: Mild (2:1), moderate (3:1), and severe (4:1). Subjects were stratified into vehicle (Control) and treatment (Propolis 800 mg/kg/day, oral) groups across all dimensions. The primary endpoint was the percentage of viable flap area on Day 7. Secondary endpoints included serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and histological scoring of inflammation. Results: All animals survived the procedure. Propolis significantly increased viable tissue area in the moderate ischemia group (76.4 ± 4.2%) compared to Vehicle (52.1 ± 5.8%; p < 0.001). In Mild ischemia, survival was near-maximal in both groups (>92%). However, in Severe ischemia, Propolis failed to prevent significant necrosis (34.2 ± 6.1% survival vs. 28.5 ± 5.4% in Vehicle; p = 0.092), indicating a therapeutic ceiling. Biochemically, Propolis suppressed MDA (11.92 ± 0.45 nmol/mL) and IL-6 (121.0 ± 4.71 pg/mL) significantly in moderate challenges but was overwhelmed by the oxidative surge in severe ischemia (MDA > 12.0 nmol/mL). Conclusion: Propolis confers significant protection against I/R injury by dampening lipid peroxidation and systemic inflammation, but this effect exhibits a distinct threshold. It is highly effective in moderate ischemic challenges but insufficient for severe vascular compromise.

Thresholds of Cytoprotection: Ethanolic Propolis Extract Mitigates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the MDA/IL-6 Axis in a Graded Rat Skin Flap Model Dinar Kukuh Prasetyo; Amru Sungkar; Brian Wasita
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1546

Background: Distal necrosis in reconstructive skin flaps results from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. While Propolis exhibits antioxidant properties, its efficacy limit relative to the severity of ischemic challenge remains undefined. Methods: A randomized, controlled experimental study was conducted using 36 male Wistar rats. A graded ischemia model was engineered using modified McFarlane flaps with increasing length-to-width ratios: Mild (2:1), moderate (3:1), and severe (4:1). Subjects were stratified into vehicle (Control) and treatment (Propolis 800 mg/kg/day, oral) groups across all dimensions. The primary endpoint was the percentage of viable flap area on Day 7. Secondary endpoints included serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and histological scoring of inflammation. Results: All animals survived the procedure. Propolis significantly increased viable tissue area in the moderate ischemia group (76.4 ± 4.2%) compared to Vehicle (52.1 ± 5.8%; p < 0.001). In Mild ischemia, survival was near-maximal in both groups (>92%). However, in Severe ischemia, Propolis failed to prevent significant necrosis (34.2 ± 6.1% survival vs. 28.5 ± 5.4% in Vehicle; p = 0.092), indicating a therapeutic ceiling. Biochemically, Propolis suppressed MDA (11.92 ± 0.45 nmol/mL) and IL-6 (121.0 ± 4.71 pg/mL) significantly in moderate challenges but was overwhelmed by the oxidative surge in severe ischemia (MDA > 12.0 nmol/mL). Conclusion: Propolis confers significant protection against I/R injury by dampening lipid peroxidation and systemic inflammation, but this effect exhibits a distinct threshold. It is highly effective in moderate ischemic challenges but insufficient for severe vascular compromise.

Adiposity-Induced Voiding Dysfunction: Unraveling the Association Between Overweight Status and Symptom Severity in Non-Retentive Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Iman Hakim Wicaksana; Setya Anton Tusarawardaya; Suharto Wijanarko; Wibisono; Amru Sungkar
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v6i1.845

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has historically been viewed through a prostato-centric lens, attributing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) primarily to prostatic volume and mechanical obstruction. However, this model fails to account for the substantial symptom burden observed in patients without significant retention or massive enlargement. Emerging evidence suggests that systemic metabolic dysregulation, particularly adiposity, plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of LUTS. This study aims to evaluate the association between Overweight status and the subjective severity of LUTS in a specific cohort of non-retentive BPH patients, thereby isolating metabolic contributors from acute mechanical failure. We conducted an observational analytic cross-sectional study at the Urology Polyclinic of RSUD Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta, Indonesia, from June 2024 to January 2025. The study enrolled 110 men diagnosed with BPH who met strict criteria for non-retentive status (post-void residual <150 mL, no indwelling catheter). Participants were stratified into normal BMI (<25 kg/m²) and Overweight (≥25 kg/m²) groups. Symptom severity was quantified using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square analysis. The cohort comprised 72 (65.5%) normal-weight and 38 (34.5%) overweight patients. A statistically significant disparity in symptom severity was observed. The overweight group exhibited a significantly higher mean IPSS (17.87 ± 5.18) compared to the normal group (11.54 ± 4.71) (p<0.001). Notably, 44.7% of overweight patients presented with severe LUTS, compared to only 5.6% of normal-weight patients. Conversely, 90.9% of patients with mild symptoms belonged to the normal-weight group. In conclusion, overweight status is significantly associated with increased LUTS severity in non-retentive BPH patients. The findings suggest that adiposity exacerbates voiding dysfunction through systemic inflammatory, hormonal, and autonomic pathways independent of urinary retention. These results advocate for the integration of weight management as a core therapeutic strategy in BPH care.

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