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Mini-Review on Renewable Production of Green p-Xylene Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Saputro, Erwan Adi; Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah
International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): IJEISE
Publisher : UPN Veteran Jatim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/ijeise.v5i2.135

Abstract

The sustainable and renewable production of p-xylene (PX), a crucial component for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is increasingly important as an alternative to fossil-based processes. This review examines biomass-derived routes for PX synthesis, emphasizing the use of bio-px production pathways to feasible for commercialization. While bio-PX production offers reduced greenhouse gas emissions, challenges remain in cost, catalyst stability, and energy requirements. Recent innovations in catalyst regeneration and hierarchical structures enhance stability and minimize coke formation. Life-cycle assessments confirm bio-PX’s environmental advantages, suggesting that further research into biomass sources and catalyst efficiency will advance bio-based PX production toward commercial viability in a sustainable bioeconomy.
Aplikasi Kitosan berbasis Kulit Udang Sebagai Alternatif Subtitusi Lilin Pelapis dalam Rangka Peningkatan Umur Simpan Buah-Buahan: A Review Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah; Fajrin, Alifah Nur Aini; Gunawan, Setiyo
Halal Research Vol 2 No 2 (2022): July
Publisher : Halal Center ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j22759970.v2i2.420

Abstract

Sebagai negara dengan mayoritas penduduk beragama islam, pasar pangan di Indonesia sangat erat kaitannya dengan hukum halal haram. Salah satu pangan yang kerap dikonsumsi adalah buah-buahan, namun dengan karakternya yang mudah rusak dan membusuk, diperlukan suatu pelapis yang berperan sebagai pengawet untuk memperpanjang usia simpan buah-buahan tersebut termasuk dengan melapisi menggunakan lilin pelapis. Lilin pelapis dapat membahayakan tubuh jika dikonsumsi terus menerus sehingga tidak memenuhi syarat thayyib. Kitosan dari kulit udang dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti lilin pelapis karena dibuat dari bahan halal dan aman bagi tubuh. Kitosan dapat diproduksi secara enzimatis dan kimiawi. Proses pengkajian halal telah dilakukan baik dengan metode produksi secara enzimatik maupun kimiawi dimana keduanya memiliki beberapa titik kritis pada bahan yang digunakan yaitu pada komposisi bahan media untuk fermentasi untuk proses enzimatik dan pada penggunaan ionic liquids beserta etanol untuk proses kimiawi.
Comparison of Polylactic Acid Polycondensation Using LASC Fe(DS)3 Catalyst and FeCl3 Metal Catalyst Saputra, Bayu Yusuf Eka; Aziz, Ahmad Musonnifin; Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah; Ni'mah, Hikmatun; Widjaja, Tri
Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j2964710X.v6i1.22963

Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA), also known as lactic acid, has become a promising candidate as a renewable resource for plastic production. The use of PLA as a plastic material can significantly reduce the problems caused by waste. In the production of Polylactic acid (PLA), there are byproducts such as water, while metal Lewis such as Fe (III) used in PLA production can rapidly decompose and be deactivated by water. This research aims to synthesize a water-resistant Lewis catalyst by Fe (III) Lewis metals with a surfactant called Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which will bond together to form Fe (III) dodecyl sulfate [Fe(DS)3]. This catalyst will then be compared to FeCl3 metal catalysts in terms of performance in PLA synthesize using the polycondensation method. The water-resistant Lewis catalyst is characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). As for the PLA synthesized with Fe(DS)3 and FeCl3 catalysts under the same operating conditions, it is analyzed using viscometry to determine its molecular weight, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of the analysis of the LASC catalyst include: 1) FTIR spectra of Fe(DS)3 and SDS show similarity in stretching and bending vibration bands. 2) Crystallinity indices of 36.81% and 15.82% are obtained for SDS and Fe(DS)3, respectively. Results of the PLA analysis include: 1) The optimum temperature is 180 ℃, as it leads to an increase in molecular weight, while at 200 ℃, degradation occurs, resulting in a decrease in molecular weight. 2). FTIR result shows that lactic acid polymerization was achieved. 3) XRD analysis shows gentle diffraction from 10° to 26° which similar with literature. 4) The yields of PLA molecules synthesized by Fe(DS)3 gain with higher molecular weight compared to FeCl3 catalyst.
Sustainable Synthesis of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals from Glucomannan-Based Bacterial Cellulose Widjaja, Tri; Nurkhamidah, Siti; Ni’mah, Hikmatun; Wardhono, Endarto Yudo; Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah; Tirta, Anggi; Nailah, Rossesari; Sari, Citra Yulia
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99360

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC), derived from glucose fermentation, is a renewable material known for its abundant availability, quick production, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly characteristics. This study focuses on converting BC into BC nanocrystals (BCNC) via fermentation, hydrolysis using acid solutions, and ultrasonication. Glucomannan flour with concentrations of 50, 60, and 90% was fermented using Acetobacter xylinum for 10 days at pH 5 to produce BC. The BC was then hydrolyzed with HCl solutions at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 M concentrations, followed by sonication. The 90% glucomannan flour yielded the highest BC amount (22.61 g). BCNC hydrolyzed with 1 M HCl exhibited the highest crystallinity (86%) and an elongated rod-like morphology. In contrast, hydrolysis with 4 and 5 M HCl caused carbonization, reducing crystallinity to below 30%. Particle size analysis showed the largest particle size for BCNC-2 (549.4 nm) and the smallest for BCNC-5 (207.2 nm). This research highlights the potential of glucomannan as a resource to produce BCNC for sustainable materials for various applications.
Modernization of hydroponic farming using rice husk for community food security in Karang Langit, Lamongan Pujiastuti, Caecilia; Muchamad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah; Chakim, M. Ghufron; Fajrin, Alifah Nur Aini; Rizal, Achmad; Azka, Salsabilla
Community Empowerment Vol 10 No 8 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ce.14476

Abstract

Rice husk waste is an abundant agricultural byproduct in Karang Langit Village, Lamongan, but its utilization is still limited, posing a potential environmental problem. This community service program aims to modernize agricultural practices by utilizing rice husk as a hydroponic growing medium to support food security and promote a circular economy. The methods applied include community coordination, carbonization of rice husks, preparation of the hydroponic system, and both theoretical and practical hands-on training. Evaluation results show a significant increase in participants’ knowledge by 32%. A total of 85% of participants successfully prepared a viable rice-husk-based growing medium, and 75% were able to cultivate and harvest leafy vegetables in the trial phase. Additionally, a farmer group was formed and is committed to independently continuing hydroponic practices after the program’s conclusion. These results confirm that utilizing rice husk as a hydroponic medium not only enhances community skills and self-sufficiency but also opens new economic opportunities. This model is recommended for replication in other agricultural areas to support local food security and environmental sustainability.
OPTIMIZATION OF VALUABLE MINERALS (MG2+ & K⁺) RECOVERY FROM SEAWATER USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah; Caecilia Pudjiastuti; Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin; Sumada, Ketut
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6284

Abstract

The extraction of metallic ions from seawater brine within a circular economy framework presents economic promise yet is hampered by concomitant ionic interference manifested during the precipitation of salts. The present investigation sought to characterize and subsequently to refine the co-precipitation steps for magnesium and potassium ions such that they yield suitable precursors for the synthesis of struvite fertilizer. The experimental work utilized a Response Surface Methodology built upon a Face-Centered Central Composite Design, interrogating the influence of the molar ratio of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride and the duration of reaction on the simultaneous recovery of Mg²⁺ and K⁺. Results from the Analysis of Variance demonstrated that the principal effects of the aforementioned ratio, reaction duration, and their interaction terms were statistically significant for both target recoveries. By iterative optimization, the experimental framework predicted optimal operational parameters of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride ratio of 0.401 and a reaction interval of 11.608 minutes, corresponding to a composite desirability statistic of 0.908 and estimated recoveries of 93.979 % and 97.300 % for magnesium and potassium ions, respectively. The data therefore substantiate the conclusion that Response Surface Methodology provides a systematic and analytically tractable conduit for the resolution of equilibrated brine mixtures, delineating a refined process envelope that promotes the extraction and economic valorization of essential mineral fertilizers from industrial saline streams.
Characterization of Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) Based on PEG-200 Modification of Clay-CaCO3 as Subtitution to LDPE Coating Paper Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah; Widjaja, Tri; Sari, Citra Yulia; Fajrin, Alifah Nur Aini
Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j2964710X.v6i1.23018

Abstract

Plastics play a central role in daily life due to their lightweight nature, mechanical strength, low cost, and durability. Nevertheless, their environmental impact is significant, as they contribute to pollution and global warming. Polylactic Acid (PLA) has gained attention as a biodegradable alternative to conventional LDPE plastics. Although environmentally friendly, PLA exhibits inherent limitations such as brittleness and insufficient toughness, which restrict its broader application. To overcome these drawbacks, plasticizers like Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 200 and reinforcing agents such as clay and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) are added to enhance its mechanical performance. This research aims to investigate how these additives affect the resulting film properties. The bioplastic film was produced using a solvent casting method with chloroform as the solvent. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for six hours, then cast in a single step into a closed mold and allowed to rest overnight to form a film. The resulting film had a white appearance, slight transparency, and a smooth, slippery surface. Compared to films produced using a layered pouring approach, those formed via the one-pour technique exhibited superior thickness and mechanical strength. To characterize the effects of the additives, several analytical methods were employed: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to analyze crystallinity, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to assess thermal stability, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups and chemical bonds, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to determine mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break. Surface morphology was further examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The most favorable results were observed in the composition containing 80% PLA, 10% PEG, 5% CaCO₃, and 5% clay. This formulation yielded a crystallinity of 96.71%, a decomposition temperature of 366.22 °C, elongation at break of 12.98%, Young’s modulus of 56.77 MPa, and a tensile strength of 1.25 MPa. These findings suggest that the film has strong potential as a coating material to replace LDPE.
STUDY OF KINETIC MODELING FOR SEA WATER IMPURITIES REMOVAL (SO4) USING DISODIUM PHOSPHATE (NA2HPO4) AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE (CACL2) Pujiastuti, Caecilia; Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah; Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma; Sumada, Ketut
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 19, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jurnal_tekkim.v19i2.5157

Abstract

Salt is an essential mineral for human life, typically containing NaCl along with various impurities such as Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, and K⁺. The production of industrial-grade salt can be achieved through chemical treatments to bind these impurities. This study aims to investigate the kinetics of Sulphate (SO4) precipitation in order to lower impurities concentrations in seawater (Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, and K⁺), which is used as raw material for salt production, by adding chemical agents disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂), each at a concentration of 2N. The research was conducted using continuous stirred tank technology with a stirring speed of 100 rpm and a solution pH of 9. The kinetics of impurity reduction in seawater were simulated using mathematical formulations, specifically pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The results indicated that the process achieved the best outcomes with the addition of SO₄ solution, resulting in the highest removal value of 757.86 mg/L compared to others. Additionally, this correlated with an R² value close to 1 for the second-order kinetics, specifically 0.9871.